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1、2018高考英高考英语语法填空解法填空解题技巧技巧命题揭密命题揭密(2)纯空格题：纯空格题：通常考通常考_ 等四类词。一个空格只能填等四类词。一个空格只能填 个单词个单词(1)有提示词题型：有提示词题型：通常考通常考 _、_、_、_等。一个空格可以填等。一个空格可以填_个单词个单词 冠词、介词、连词和代词冠词、介词、连词和代词一动词动词形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级词性转换词性转换一到两一到两名词名词根据上表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或根据上表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：考查内容是：第一部分有提示词有提示词考点一：谓考点一：谓语动词语动词 有提示词有提示词 与主语构成
2、主谓结构与主语构成主谓结构1.I was certain she would like it because I _ 1.I was certain she would like it because I _(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.(07(07广广广广州一模州一模州一模州一模)2.His fear of failure _(keep)him from 2.His fear of failure _(keep)him from cla
3、ssroom games that other children played with classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.joyous abandon.(08(08深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模)3.Being too anxious to help an event develop often 3.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention._(result)i
4、n the contrary to our intention.(08(08广东广东广东广东)was told was told keptkept考查语法点考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致及主谓一致考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析resultsresults 当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑_、_、_、_等四个方面。【确定时态的【确定时态的3条依据】条依据】(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确
5、定时态的最重要的依据这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。(3)依据时间状语。如recently,so far,up to now,up to the present,in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of,since 1980,for three years常与完成时连用。提示：尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。解题技巧解题
6、技巧时态、时态、语态、语态、语气、语气、主谓一致主谓一致考点二：非谓考点二：非谓语动词语动词 有提示词有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式除谓语动词以外的动词形式1.We must also consider the reaction of the person 1.We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_(receive)the gift.32_(receive)the gift.(07(07广州一模广州一模广州一模广州一模)2.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 2.I
7、then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _(complete)the rest!_(complete)the rest!(07(07广二模广二模广二模广二模)3.My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored 3.My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored her.her.(08(08深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模深圳二模)4.Before the waitress could even finish describing the 4.Before the waitress could even
8、 finish describing the menu,my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(menu,my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(眉眉眉眉毛毛毛毛)(raise(raise).).(1111广州一模广州一模广州一模广州一模)receivingreceiving to completeto complete includedincluded考查语法点考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用非谓语动词及变形的使用 考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析raisedraised 当句中已有谓语已有谓语动词，横线前
9、又没有没有并列连词并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing,done,to do)。解题技巧解题技巧考点三：考点三：词性转换词性转换 有提示词有提示词 介词介词,冠词冠词,所有格后接名词所有格后接名词,形容词修形容词修饰名词饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36_(rude).1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36_(rude).(07(07深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模深圳一模)2.As far as I
10、 am concerned,my 37 _ 2.As far as I am concerned,my 37 _(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.and a Chinese-English within easy reach.(08(08惠二模惠二模惠二模惠二模)3.This proverb is saying we have to let things
11、 go in 3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.their _(nature)course.(08(08广东广东广东广东)4._(doubt),although there is still room 4._(doubt),although there is still room for improvement to this policy,I think it is still a for improvement to this policy,I think it is sti
12、ll a good one which brings more good than harm to the good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.students and the nation.(09(09汕头水平考试汕头水平考试汕头水平考试汕头水平考试)rudelyrudely suggestionsuggestion考查语法点考查语法点:各类词性的正确使用及转化各类词性的正确使用及转化考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析naturalnaturalUndoubtedlyUndoubted
13、ly 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5 5点顺利解决：点顺利解决：（1 1）作主语或宾语用）作主语或宾语用_形式。形式。（2 2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+(+形容词形容词)、不定代、不定代词词(some,any,a lot of(some,any,a lot of等等)、介词后还没有名词时，、介词后还没有名词时，就用就用_形式。形式。（3 3）作定语、表语或补足语用）作定语、表语或补足语用_形式。形式。（4 4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或
14、另一副词，或放在）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用句首修饰全句，用_。（5 5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀前缀或后缀，也可能用其，也可能用其比较级或最高级比较级或最高级。解题技巧解题技巧名词名词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词考点归纳考点归纳 在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。掌
15、握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下换仅考查了以下3点：点：(1)形容词形容词副词。副词。(2)形容词形容词名词。名词。(3)名词名词形容词。形容词。考点四：考点四：形容词副形容词副词的级词的级 有提示词有提示词通常，有表示范围的通常，有表示范围的in/ofin/of介词短语或介词短语或形容词前有形容词前有thethe时，一般要用最高级；时，一般要用最高级；thanthan的前面一定要用比较级的前面一定要用比较级1.One of the 33_(bad)gift choices I ever One of the 3
16、3_(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher made was for my high school English teacher (07(07广州一模广州一模广州一模广州一模)2.We were both laughing the whole time at our 2.We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in plete inability to communicate in
17、 words.When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in Korean,using some of the few words I had learned.I Korean,using some of the few words I had learned.I felt _(lonely)than I had expected that felt _(lonely)than I had expected that night.(2009night.(200
18、9届江届江届江届江门二模门二模门二模门二模)3.3.Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer.Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer.Critics call her one of the _(great)writers Critics call her one of the _(great)writers of our time.of our time.(双语报双语报双语报双语报)worstworst考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析less lonelyless lo
19、nelygreatestgreatest解题技巧解题技巧 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境境,理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。注意：注意：要善于分析语境要善于分析语境,辨别省略了辨别省略了than的隐性比较级。的隐性比较级。若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前
20、缀或后缀。如：意义的前缀或后缀。如：1.(2015卷卷I65)seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting).2.(2014卷卷I49)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the _(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort a
21、nd work,like cleaning up a polluted river.考点五：考点五：名词名词 做主语或宾语做主语或宾语paintingspaintings考查语法点考查语法点:名词的单复数转化名词的单复数转化考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析changeschanges解题技巧解题技巧 名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语语(位于及物动词或介词后位于及物动词或介词后)。如果。如果括号中所括号中所给词是名词，又是在句中作主语或宾语时给词是名词，又是在句中作主语或宾语时，就无需作词类转换，应考虑是否需要用复数就无需作词类转换，应考虑是否需要用复数形式
22、。形式。考点归纳考点归纳 关于名词，从近两年的高考题来看，在语关于名词，从近两年的高考题来看，在语法填空中只考查了法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式名词的复数形式，但名词，但名词的所有格也是可能要考的。的所有格也是可能要考的。第二部分纯空格纯空格3.the head of the village was tying up his horse to 3.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to my car to pull it to small town some 20 small town som
23、e 20 kilometers away.kilometers away.4.I still remember taking _ visiting friend 4.I still remember taking _ visiting friend from from CanadaCanada to a local Black Country pub to a local Black Country pub(酒店酒店酒店酒店)for lunch.for lunch.考点六：冠词考点六：冠词 名词之前名词之前1.There once were a goat There once were a g
24、oat(山羊山羊山羊山羊)and a donkeyand a donkey(驴驴驴驴).So.So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.donkey medicine made from its heart.2.When I see a child subject to2.When I see a child subject to(受到受到受到受到)this kind of this kind of pres
25、sure,I think of Donnie.He was _ shy,pressure,I think of Donnie.He was _ shy,nervous perfectionistnervous perfectionist(完美主义者完美主义者完美主义者完美主义者).).the a考查语法点考查语法点:定冠词定冠词,不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析 a a a 无提示词无提示词下列情况很可能填下列情况很可能填 ：(1)_+可数可数n.(单数单数)；(2)_+形容词形容词+可数可数n.(单数单数)。下列情况下很可能填下列情况下很可能填 ：(1)_(+形容
26、词形容词)+n.+of等介词短语等介词短语 (表示特指表示特指)；(2)_(+形容词形容词)+n.+定语从句定语从句(表示特指表示特指)；(3)_(+形容词形容词)+n.+不定式短语或分词短语不定式短语或分词短语 (表示特指表示特指)考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析不定冠词不定冠词定冠词定冠词解题技巧解题技巧考点七：考点七：介词介词(1)(1)介词介词+宾语（名词）宾语（名词）(2)(2)不及物动词不及物动词+介词介词+宾语宾语1.In short,I believe that it is _ great use to keep 1.In short,I believe that it is
27、_ great use to keep a dairy in Englisha dairy in English2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I 2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I looked back _the girl,who was giving me the looked back _the girl,who was giving me the most optimistic,largest smile I had ever seen.most optimisti
28、c,largest smile I had ever seen.3.She found some good quality pipes3.She found some good quality pipes_ _ sale.sale.4.He was very tired 4.He was very tired _doing this for a whole doing this for a whole dayday ofof atat考查语法点考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析ononfromfrom 无提示词：无提示词：注意固定搭配注
29、意固定搭配be tired from be tired from 因因因因 厌倦厌倦厌倦厌倦 当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。解题技巧解题技巧考点八：考点八：代词代词(1)(1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意注意形容词词性形容词词性和和名词性物主代词名词性物主代词的区
30、别。的区别。(2)(2)指示代词指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等不定代词、反身代词等考查语法点考查语法点:代词的基本用法代词的基本用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析1.She remembered how difficult 1.She remembered how difficult _ was to choose was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.a suitable Christmas present for her father.2.When the time came for me to say goo
31、dbye to my 2.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village,I wanted to reward the old friends in my village,I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _.woman for the trouble I had caused _.3.It has been said before,but experiencing it myself has 3.It has be
32、en said before,but experiencing it myself has made _ want to say it again:a smilemade _ want to say it again:a smile itherhermeme 无提示词无提示词 无提示词：代词无提示词：代词在句子中作在句子中作主语或宾语主语或宾语时，通常填时，通常填代词代词，包括，包括1.人称代词人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等等)、2.指示代词指示代词(it/this等等)、3.不定代词不定代词(something/anything等等)、4.名词性物主代词名词性物主代词(mine/
33、yours/his/hers等等)、5.疑问代词疑问代词(which/who等等)、6.反身代词反身代词(不能作主语不能作主语)(myself/yourself等等)在在名词前作定语名词前作定语就就只能用形容词性物主代词只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等等)。考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析解题技巧解题技巧 考点九：连词或考点九：连词或从句引导词从句引导词两个主谓结构连接两个主谓结构连接 1.Historically,it was famous for industry,which Historically,it was famous for industry,which
34、 explains_the area is called the Black Country.explains_the area is called the Black Country.2.It got its name during the industrial revolution,2.It got its name during the industrial revolution,_ factory pollution turned the local skies black _ factory pollution turned the local skies black and loc
35、al dust from the mines made the soil the same and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color.color.3.Jane paused in front of a counter(3.Jane paused in front of a counter(柜台柜台柜台柜台)_ some)_ some attractive ties were on display.attractive ties were on display.4.One day,he came up with an i
36、dea _ he would 4.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up(pluck up(拔起拔起拔起拔起)all of his crop a few inches.)all of his crop a few inches.whywhy whenwhen考查语法点考查语法点:各类复合句中连词各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法引导词的用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析wherewherethatthat 无提示词无提示词解题技巧解题技巧考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析解题技巧解题技巧并列句和复合句并列句和复合句并列句：并列句：简单
37、句简单句并列连词并列连词简单句简单句复合句：复合句：主句（主谓宾）主句（主谓宾）从句从句（连接词连接词主谓）主谓）两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就分号，就必须要用连词必须要用连词，否则，句子，否则，句子的结构就不完整。的结构就不完整。语法填空题语法填空题纯空格设计纯空格设计纯空格纯空格介词，连词，代词，冠词，介词，连词，代词，冠词，总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升一一一一根据句子结构，确定根据句子结构，确定根据句子结构，确定根据句子结构，确定词性词性词性词性动词动词名词名词形容词形容词副词副词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词代词代词词性词性一一般般有有提提示示词
38、词无无提提示示词词总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形词形词形词形冠词冠词冠词冠词定冠词定冠词,不定冠词不定冠词并列句及复合句并列句及复合句非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语动词非谓语动词 to do,doing,done 及变形及变形谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致及主谓一致连词连词连词连词介词介词介词介词介词的常用用法及词组搭配介词的常用用法及词组搭配词性变化词性变化词性变化词性变化词汇词汇,构词法构词法谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词代词代词代词代词人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词指示代词，反身代词根据语义根据语义,确定词确定词形形分析句子分析句子,确定词确定词性性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升检查搭配检查搭配,前后连贯前后连贯Thank you for Thank you for attention!attention!谢谢观赏谢谢观赏