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1、UK education systems文学0805 陈欢 The reference websiteshttp:/ is free for all children from 5 to 16.Full-timeeducationiscompulsoryforallchildrenagedbetween5and16(inclusive)acrossEngland.Thiscanbeprovidedbystateschools,independentschools,orhomeschooling.About94percentofpupilsinEngland,andtherestoftheUK,
2、receivefreeeducationfrompublicfunds,while6percentattendindependentfeepayingschoolsorhomeschooling.SecondaryeducationAcomprehensiveschooloffers5-yearcoursestopupilsofalllevelsofability.Promotiontoahigherclasseveryyeardoesnotdependuponexaminationresults,itisalmostautomatic.Pupilsneverrepeattheyear.Bri
3、tishprivateboardingschoolshasalonghistory,hasastrongteachingstaff,high-qualityteachingresourcesandagoodlearningatmosphere,thehighrateofstudentsintheirstudiesintotheelitepercentageoflarge,mostlytogainadmissionintograduateschoolssuchasOxfordandCambridge,andevenbecomepoliticaloreconomicandfinancialsect
4、orsoftheelite,socalledeliteeducation.BritishprivateboardingschoolsforChinesestudentstoestablishrelationshipsandtointegrateintomainstreamBritishsocietyoftheexcellentchoicesandopportunities.Boardingschoolstudentsfromaroundtheworld,mostofthemcamefromcelebrities,aristocrats,manypoliticianscelebritieschi
5、ldreninboardingschool.StudentsStudentscanandtheUnitedKingdomandtheworldtocompetewithstudentsfromaroundtheworldelite,accesstouniversitystudyandfuturesuccessinsocialworkskills.Britishprivateboardingschoolscanbedividedintoboys,girlsonlyorcoeducationalschool.Greatemphasisonpersonalattentiontostudents.Ty
6、pically,eachclassisonlyeightstudents,subjectstheteachersareabletounderstandthestudentsthesituationverymuch.Class,theteacherwillencouragestudentstoexpresstheirviewsfreely.Eachstudentisequippedwithapersonaltutorinparticular.Inaddition,thedailyroutineoftheschoolstudentshaveverystrictrequirements,fromth
7、eupandgoestosleep,haveastricttimetable.AndotherprivateschoolscomparedtoEnglishboardingschoolsaremoresecurity,allowingparentstorestassured.Thecampusfacilities,coversanareaoftheUKboardingschoolsaregenerallylarge,well-equipped,thereisusuallyheatedindoorswimmingpool,tenniscourts,golfcourses,tenniscourts
8、andotherfacilities,thereareindividualschoolsandevenitsownracetrackandstablesforthestudentstoprovideamorethoughtfulandcomprehensivedevelopmentofarichenvironmentforpersonaldevelopment.BoardingSchoolTHE NATIONAL CURRICULUM（课程）（课程）OneofthemostimportantchangesineducationbroughttheEducationReformActin1988
9、.ItwastheintroductionofaNationalCurriculumforchildrenaged5to16inallstateschools.Itconsistsof10subjectswhichallchildrenmuststudyatschoolFoundationsubjects:English,Math,Science,amodernforeignlanguage(for11-16yearolds),TechnologyandDesign,History,Geography,Music,ArtandPhysicalEducation.ReligiousEducati
10、onisrequiredforpupilsaspartofthebasiccurriculum,althoughparentshavearighttowithdrawtheirchildrenfromreligiousclasses.Pupilsprogressinsubjectsismeasuredbywrittenandpracticaltests.TheSchoolYearTheschoolyearrunsfromSeptembertoJulyandis39weekslong.Formanyareastheyearisdividedintosixterms:SeptembertoOcto
11、berOctobertoDecemberJanuarytoFebruaryFebruarytoMarchApriltoMayJunetoJuly(SomecountiesinEnglandstillfollowthetraditionalthreetermsayear.)Thedatesforschooltermsandholidaysaredecidedbythelocalauthorityorthegoverningbodyofaschool,orbytheschoolitselfforindependentschools.School holidaysThemainschoolholid
12、aysare:Christmas-2weeksSpring-2weeksSummer-6weeksTherearealsooneweekholidays:endofOctobermidFebruaryendofMayEXAMNATIONSGCSEsstandsfortheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation.PupilssitfortheGCSEsexamsattheendof5-yearcourse.Theyusuallytakeasmanysubjectsaspossible.Weakstudentsmayonlysitforthreeorfours
13、ubjects.Betterstudentswilltakefiveorsix.Moreambitiouspupilscontinuewith6thform.TheyremainatschoolfortwomoreyearsandtaketheirA-levelexams.THE SIXTH FORMMostsecondaryschoolshave6th-formdepartmentsprovidingone-ortwo-yearcourses.Somepupils,howevergotoaspecial6th-formcollege,wheretheatmosphereislesslikea
14、tschoolandwheretheyaretreatedasadults.Atthe6th-formstagestudentsarehighlyspecialisedinthreeorfoursubjectswhichwillpreparestudentseitherforentrytoUniversity,PolytechnicorCollegeofFurthereducation,orfordirectentryintoemploymentinindustryorcommerce。FurtherEducationAcademicRoute（学业路线）VocationalRoute（职业路
15、线）FurtherEducationisatermmainlyusedinconnectionwitheducationintheUnitedKingdomandtheRepublicofIreland.Itispost-compulsoryeducation(inadditiontothatreceivedatsecondaryschool),thatisdistinctfromtheeducationofferedinuniversities(highereducation).Itmaybeatanylevelabovecompulsoryeducation,frombasictraini
16、ngtoHigherNationalDiplomaorFoundationDegree.AdistinctionisusuallymadebetweenFEandhighereducation(HE)whichiseducationatahigherlevelthansecondaryschool,usuallyprovidedindistinctinstitutionssuchasuniversities.FEintheUnitedKingdomthereforeincludeseducationforpeopleover16,usuallyexcludinguniversities.Iti
17、sprimarilytaughtinFEcolleges(whicharesimilarinconcepttoUnitedStatescommunitycolleges,andsometimesusecommunitycollegeintheirtitle),work-basedlearning,andadultandcommunitylearninginstitutions.Thisincludespost-16coursessimilartothosetaughtatschoolsandsub-degreecoursessimilartothosetaughtathighereducati
18、on(HE)colleges(whichalsoteachdegree-levelcourses)andatsomeuniversities.HigherEducationThereareabout90universities,includingtheOpenUniversity,Oxford,andCambridge,thatwereestablishedinthe13thCentury.The15citytechnologycollegesinEnglandteachthenationalcurriculumbutwithanemphasisonscience,technology,andmathematics.Aftercompletingsecondaryeducation,thestudentheadsforhighereducation.TwobasiclevelsofhighereducationexistintheUK.Theyareclassifiedas:Non-universitylevelpost-secondarystudiesfurthereducationmentionedabove.Universitylevelstudies