《2017年中考英语定语从句详解.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2017年中考英语定语从句详解.ppt(15页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第二篇第二篇 句法句法定语从句定语从句复习要点1.定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词2.定语从句的分类定语从句的分类3.关系代关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词的功用的功用4.各个关系代各个关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词的具体用法的具体用法5.几个需要注意的事项The Attributive Clause 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后,句修饰的名词或词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后,对其先行词起限定作用。对其先行词起限定作用。This is To
2、m.Tom gave us a talk yesterday.This is Tom who(that)gave us a talk yesterday.先行词先行词 定语从句定语从句 定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括代词包括that,which,who(宾格(宾格whom,所有格,所有格whose)等,)等,关系副词包括关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要在先行词及定语从句之
3、间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。成分。定语从句的分类定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。如省去,意思仍完整。限制性定语从句:主句和从句不隔开,从句不能省略,否则就会失掉意义限制性定语从句:主句和从
4、句不隔开,从句不能省略,否则就会失掉意义不能成立。不能成立。如:如:Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass.非限制性定语从句:主句和从句用逗号隔开,从句对修饰的部分起到进一步非限制性定语从句:主句和从句用逗号隔开,从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用,拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。说明的作用,拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。如:如:ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,whoisonly19yearsold.Bobsfather,whowasanengineer,sp
5、ent4yearsinEgypt.Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworldstradecenter.注意点:注意点:1.非限制性定语从句不能用非限制性定语从句不能用that引导引导.SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.2.which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactl
6、ywhatwewanted.难点链接难点链接关系代关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词的功用的功用 关系代关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词用来引用来引导导定于从句,在先行定于从句,在先行词词和定和定语语从句之从句之间间起起纽带纽带作用,使二者作用,使二者联联系起来。关系代系起来。关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词又在定又在定语语从句中充当一个成分。从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主关系待客做主语语,宾语宾语,定,定语语,关系副,关系副词词可作状可作状语语。1.作主作主语语:关系代关系代词词在定在定语语从句中作主从句中作主语时语时,从句的,从句的谓语动词谓语动词的人称和数的人称和数须须和先行和先行词词一致。一
7、致。例如:例如:I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作作宾语宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called“The Great Escape”.3.作定作定语语:关系代关系代词词whose在定在定语语从句中作定从句中作定语语用。用。例如:例如:Wh
8、ats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作状作状语语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.难点链接难点链接各个关系代各个关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词的具体用法的具体用法1.who 指人,在定指人,在定语语从句中作主从句中作主语语。例如:例如:The person who bro
9、ke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人,在定指人,在定语语从句中作从句中作宾语宾语。例如:例如:Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate?Mr.Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人,在定指人,在定语语从句中作定从句中作定语语。例如:例如:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home toda
10、y.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物,在定指物,在定语语从中作主从中作主语语或或宾语宾语。例如:例如:A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物,有多指物,有时时也指人,在定也指人,在定语语从句中作主从句中作主语语或或宾语宾语。例如:例如:Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the
11、 important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6.when 指指时间时间,在定,在定语语从句中作状从句中作状语语。例如:例如:Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点,在定指地点,在定语语从句中作状从句中作状语语。例如:例如:This is the house where we lived last year.The
12、 factory where his father works is in the east of the city.8.why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:例如:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.难点链接难点链接注意:注意:1.当先行词和介词有关联时:当先行词和介词有关联时:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词介词+which/
13、whom”结构。例如:结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们这是我们去年居住的房子。去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:来的位置上。例如:Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你这就是你要找的那个人。要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的
14、宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:句中动词的后面。例如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市她居住的城市非常远。非常远。难点链接难点链接2.只能使用只能使用that,不用不用which 的情况:的情况:a.当先行词是不定代词,如当先行词是不定代词,如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等时。等时。如:如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Ididntmeanthisone;I
15、meantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.b.先行词(指物的)前面有先行词(指物的)前面有only,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时等词修饰时Theresnodifficultythatwecantovercome.Ivereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.c.先行词被序数词先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时等或形容词的最高级修饰时ThisisthefirstletterthatIvewritteninJapanese.Sheisthemostcaref
16、ulgirlthatIveeverknown.d.当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntous.e.当先行词是系动词当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时Chinaisntthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Itsaboo
17、kthatwillhelpyouagreatdeal.难点链接难点链接f当主句是以当主句是以who,which或或what开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday?g.当主句以当主句以Therebe结构开头时,或关系代词在结构开头时,或关系代词在therebe结构中作实结构中作实义主语,先行项为物义主语,先行项为物Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthata
18、reforyou.The9.15isthefastesttrainthattherehaseverbeen.h.当先行词是当先行词是what时时Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry?i.当先行词是基数词时当先行词是基数词时YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.3.只能用只能用which,不用,不用that 的情况:的情况:a.在非限制性定在非限制性定语语从中。从中。例如:例如:The meeting was put off,which
19、was exactly what we wanted.b.定定语语从句由介从句由介词词+关系代关系代词词引引导导,先行,先行词词是物是物时时。例如:例如:The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.难点链接难点链接4.只用只用who不用不用that的情况的情况a.先行词是先行词是one,ones或或anyone时时Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentsw
20、hohasbeentotheUSA.b.先行词为先行词为those或被或被those修饰,指人时修饰,指人时Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.c.在以在以therebe的句子中,先行词为人时的句子中,先行词为人时Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.d.当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.e.当指人的先行项被
21、一些指物的名词修饰时当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时TheresonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?f.在非限制性定语从句中指人在非限制性定语从句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.难点链接难点链接1.误误IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglis正正Iwonttellyouthenameof
22、thepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish析析在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从它本身看不出其数的在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从它本身看不出其数的形式,这时要由它的先行词决定。这里形式,这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who应由应由theperson单数决定,应该单数决定,应该用单数谓语动词。又如:用单数谓语动词。又如:Iwhoamastudentwanttofindasparetimejob这里的这里的who应与应与I是一致的,所以其谓语动词应该用是一致的,所以其谓语动词应该用am。2.误误Wetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetdu
23、ringtheSecondWorldWar正正WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorldWar析析这里的关系代词不要用这里的关系代词不要用who,因为其先行词有两个一个是因为其先行词有两个一个是things(物物),而另一个是,而另一个是people(人人),这时既不可用,这时既不可用who,又不可用又不可用which,因前因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下,而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下,所以只者只能用于先行词是人的情况下,而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下,所以只能用能用that,因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是
24、物。因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。3.误误Thebook,thatIboughtyesterday,wasverygood正正Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,wasverygood析析先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时,即作为非限制性定语从句。在先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时,即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中which,when,who,whom,where,when,whose等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样,而独有等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样,而独有that不易用于非限不易用于非限制性定语从句。制性定语从句。正误辨
25、析正误辨析4.误误ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryusefultool正正ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryusefultool析析关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的,它不是作主语就是作关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的,它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首,但它的作用宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首,但它的作用依然存在,而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。依然存在,而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。5.误误TheteacherIwantto
26、learnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfromAmerica正正TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfromAmerica析析theone,anyone,those作代词并且是指某人、物时,其关系作代词并且是指某人、物时,其关系代词不能用代词不能用which应用应用who。6.误误Thisistheroominthattheoldmanlives正正Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives正正Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlivesin正正Thisis
27、theroomthattheoldmanlivesin析析that不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语,但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾,不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语,但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾,则可用则可用that作引导词,而且可以省略。如:作引导词,而且可以省略。如:Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin正误辨析正误辨析7.误误Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou正正Icandoeverythingthatisgoodforyou析析在先行词是在先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing
28、,none,theone等不定代词时,虽然它们指的是物体,等不定代词时,虽然它们指的是物体,但不要用但不要用which而用而用that作定语从句的引导词。作定语从句的引导词。8.误误Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudyinghard正正Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudyinghard析析在先行词前有在先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等词等词修饰时,虽然先行词指的是物,也不要用修饰时,虽然先行词指的是物,也不要用which作关系代词,而要用作关系代词,而要用that。
29、9.误误ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichIveeverseen正正ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmthatIveeverseen析析在先行词是序数词,或由序数词修饰时,其关系代词不可用在先行词是序数词,或由序数词修饰时,其关系代词不可用which这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后,如:这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后,如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverseen10.误误HeisfromAfrica,thatwecanseefromthecolouroftheskin正正HeisfromAfri
30、ca,aswecanseefromthecolouroftheskin析析当当as或或which引导非限制性定语从句时,它可能没有明确的先行引导非限制性定语从句时,它可能没有明确的先行词,它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可词,它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。以从其肤色上看出的。正误辨析正误辨析单项填空单项填空1.-Doyouknowtheman_istalkingwithyourfathe?-Yes,hesourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_I
31、canswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary_theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone_withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree课时训练课时训练BBCAC6
32、.Mywatchisnottheonlything_ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho7.Theman_coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.whosB.whoseC.thatofwhich.8.Thegirl_isreadingunderthetree_mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.Iloveplaces_thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld_ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein课时训练课时训练ABCCC