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1、Exercise(p60)Exercise 9The following sentences contain modifiers of various types.For each sentence,first identify the modifier(s),then draw the tree structuresA crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution.IPINPIVPVVNPDETNNDetNANNAcrippledpassengerpstlandtheairplanePPVPPNPwithNANextr
2、emeNcaution A huge moon hung in the black sky.IPINPIVPVVPPPPNPDetNANDetNANNNAhugemoonpstVhungintheblacksky The man examined his car carefully yesterdayIPINPIVPVVNPDetNDetNNNThemanVexaminehiscarVAdvPAdvPAdvAdvcarefullyyesterdaypstV A wooden hut near the lake callapsed in the stormIPINPIVPVVPPPPNPDetN
3、Det NANNAwoodenhutpstVcallapsethestormNPPPPNPnear Det NtheNlakeNin10.The following sentences all contain conjoined categories.Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsIPINPIVPVVNPDetNNNNCONNJimhaswashedtheshirts and pantsNAPdirtyHelen put on her clothe
4、s and went outIPNPIIVPVPCONVPVVNPVVAdvVHelenpstput on her clothesandwentoutMary is fond of literature but tired of statistics IPINPIVPVVAPAPCONAPAAPPAAPPMarypresisfondof literaturebuttiredof statistics11.The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb,an a
5、djective,a preposition or a noun.Draw a tree structure for each sentence.You know that I hate war.IPNPIIVPVVCPCCIPYoupresknowthatI hate warHe said that Tom asked whether the class was over.IPNPIIVPVVCPCCIPIPNPIIVPVVCPHePstsaidthatTomPstaskedwhether the class was overGerry cant believe the fact that
6、Anna flunked the English exam同位语从句作为名词的complement IPINPIVPVVNPDETNCPNCPCCIPGerrycantbelievethefactthatAnna flunked the English examChris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce IPINPIVPVVAPAACPCPCCIPChrispstwashappythathis father bought him a Rolls-Royce The children argued over whether b
7、ats had wings.IPINPIVPVVPPPPCPCPCCIPINPIVPVVNPDetNNThechildrenpstarguedoverwhetherbatspsthad12.Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause.Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences.The essay that he wrote was too long IPINPIVPVVAPNDetNCPCNPCIP
8、INPIVPVVNPAAdvAATheNessayhepstwrote thatpstwastoolongDeep structure The essay that he wrote was too long IPINPIVPVVAPNDetNCPCNPCIPINPIVPVVNPAAdvAATheNessayhepstwrotetpstwastoolongthatsurface structure The essay that he wrote was too long IPINPIVPVVAPNDetNCPCNPCIPINPIVPVVNPAAdvAATheNessayhepstwrote w
9、hichpstwastoolongDeep structurethat The essay that he wrote was too long IPINPIVPVVAPNDetNCPCNPCIPINPIVPVVNPAAdvAATheNessayhepstwrote whichpstwastoolongSurface structurethatwhichteHerbert found the man she loved IPINPIVPVVNPNDetNCPNSpecCCIPNPIIVPVNPHerbertpstfoundthemanshepstlovedwhomDeep structurew
10、homHerbert found the man she loved IPINPIVPVVNPNDetNCPNSpecCCIPNPIIVPVNPHerbertpstfoundthemanshepstlovedesurface structurewhomtssThe girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics.IPINPIVPNDetNCPNNPCCIPINPIVPVVPPPPNPThegirlVAdvhepresoftenquarrelswithwhomVVPPpresmajorsin linguisticsDeep struc
11、tureThe girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics.IPINPIVPNDetNCPNNPCCIPINPIVPVVPPPPNPThegirlVAdvhepresoftenquarrelswithtVVPPpresmajorsin linguisticswhomSurface structure13.The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation.Give the deep structure and the su
12、rface structure of each of these sentences.Would you come tomorrow?CPCCIPINPIVPVVAdvyouwouldVcometomorrowDeep structureWould you come tomorrow?CPCCIPINPIVPVVAdvyoutVcometomorrowwouldSurface structureCan you pass me the newspaper?CPCCIPINPIVPVNPVDeep structureNPyoucanpass methe newspaperCan you pass
13、me the newspaper?CPCCIPINPIVPVNPVSurface structureNPyoutpass methe newspapercanShould the student report the incident?CPCCIPINPIVPVVDeep structureNPthe studentshouldreportthe incidentShould the student report the incident?CPCCIPINPIVPVVSurface structureNPthe studenttreportthe incidentshouldWhat did
14、you eat for lunch CPCNPCIPINPIVPVVPPVyoupsteatNPwhatfor lunchDeep structureWhat did you eat for lunch CPCNPCIPINPIVPVVPPVyoupsteatNPwhatfor lunchdiddidtwhattSurface structureWho should this be reported to?CPNPCCIPNPIIVPVVVPVVPPPP NPthisshouldbereportedtowhoDeep structureshouldwhoVWho should this be reported to?CPNPCCIPNPIIVPVVVPVVPPPPNPthisshouldbereportedto whoDeep structureWho should this be reported to?CPNPCCIPNPIIVPVVVPVVPPPP NPthisshouldbereportedtowhoSurface structureshouldtwhotV