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1、必修必修5Unit 1Great scientists 题组冲关题组冲关基础自测基础自测考点研析考点研析 课时作业课时作业研研.重点单词1_ vt.分析2_ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n.失败3_ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加4_ vt.&n.治愈；痊愈；治疗5_ n.挑战 vt.向挑战6_ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心7_ vt.认为；怀疑 n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8_ vt.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备9_ n.柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵10_ vt.&vi.结束；推断出_ n.结论11_ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_ adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的12_ vt.污染；弄脏_ n.污染13_ v
2、t.宣布；通告_ n.通知；宣告14_ vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助_n.捐献；贡献；捐助15_ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃_ n.拒绝；抛弃答案1analyse2.defeat3.attend4.cure5.challenge6absorb7.suspect8.blame9.handle10 conclude;conclusion 11.expose;exposed12 pollute;pollution13.announce;announcement14 contribute;contribution 15.reject;rejection.重点短语1put _ 提出2_ a conclu
3、sion 得出结论3expose._ 使显露；暴露4link._.将和联系或连接起来5apart _ 除之外；此外6make _ 讲得通；有意义7(be)strict _ 对严格的8be _ blame 应受谴责9_ a challenge 面对挑战10lead _ 导致11look _ 调查12prevent._ 阻止发生13take _ 欺骗，理解，吸收14come _ an end 结束15contribute _ 有助于16slow _ 减速17be responsible _ 对负责18be similar _ 与相似19make room _ 为腾地方答案1forward2.dra
4、w3.to4.to5.from6.sense7with 8.to 9.face 10.to 11.into12.from13in14.to15.to16.down17.for18.to19for1attend v.照顾；护理；出席；参加All children between the age of 5 and 16 must attend school.所有5至16岁的孩子必须上学。I may be lateI have got one or two things to attend to.我也许会迟到我有一两件事需要处理。attend a lecture/a meeting/a confer
5、ence/school/class听讲座/出席会议/上学/上课attend to处理；注意倾听；照顾某人attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顾某人解析：attend to照顾某人，处理。appeal to 吸引；add to 增添；contribute to 导致，为做贡献。答案：A2expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光Keep indoors and dont expose your skin to the sun.留在屋里，不要让皮肤暴露在太阳下。expose sth.揭露；显露出某事物expose sth./sb./oneself(to sth.)使某事/某人/自己暴露/显露e
6、xpose sb.to sth.让某人接触某物be exposed to暴露于expose sth.to结构中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。解析：expose sb.to sth.将某人暴露给。句意：家庭对女人的暴力行为没有引起广泛关注因为把家庭矛盾暴露给外人不是中国人的传统。express 表达；enquire 询问；distribute 分发。答案：B3absorb v吸收；吸引；使专心Salt absorbs moisture from the air.盐吸收空气中的水分。I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.我正专心读
7、一本书，没有听见你叫我。absorb.into把吸收进absorb.from从中吸收/取be absorbed in(doing)sth.专心(做)某事absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in(专心于)，主语往往是人，并不表示被动，类似短语：be buried in专心于；be lost in陷入；be caught in被困于；be devoted to致力于。解析：be absorbed in sth.专心致志于某事。答案：A4blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n.过失；责备They blamed the failure on Mary.他
8、们把失败归咎于玛丽。blame sb.for.因而责备某人；把归咎于blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame(for)应承担责任；该受责备accept/bear/take the blame for.对某事负责；承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把责任推到某人身上be to blame在作定语、表语时，用主动形式表被动意义。解析：blame 责备。句意：我们不应该责备他犯错误，因为他没经验。accuse 指责，后跟介词 of;charge 指控，后跟介词 with;claim 声称；认领。答案：B5announce vt.宣布
9、；通告；(事情，迹象)显示；预告The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。announce(to sb.)sth./that.宣布/发布某事announce that.宣布/发布It is announced that.据称；已宣布announcement n通告；宣告；宣布make an announcement下通知；宣布解析：announce宣布，通知。句意：空姐宣布飞机将穿越云层。答案：A6contribute v捐献；贡献；捐助A proper amount of exercise contribu
10、tes to good health.适当的运动有助于健康。contribute to doing 为做出贡献；把(时间)投入；给投稿；有助于；是的原因make a contribution/contributions to doing 为做出贡献。形象记忆解析：contribute to有助于。refer to 谈及；object to 反对；come to 谈到，来到。答案：A7handle vt.操作；处理；拿；搬n柄；把手Ms Hawkins handles the companys accounts.霍金斯女士管理公司的账目。I turned the handle and opene
11、d the door.我转了转把手，打开了门。解析：handle 处理。strengthen 加强；explore 探索；arrange 安排。句意：和父亲谈了大约半小时后，他感觉好多了，并知道该怎样处理这种情况了。答案：C8examine vt.检查；诊断；考查；测验I examined the door and found that it was locked.我检查这个门，发现它上了锁。Youd better have your eyes examined.你最好检查一下眼睛。解析：Being examined在句中作主语。将插入语whether it is a car or a bus
12、删掉，则句子结构就一目了然了。答案：C9conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出；议定She concluded her talk with a funny story.她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话。These are the facts,what do you conclude from them?这些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？conclude with 以结束conclude sth.结束conclude that.认定；认为come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论make a conclusion 下结论bring sth.to a conclus
13、ion 使结束to conclude(副词)总而言之；最后conclude from 根据得出结论解析：conclude推断出，符合句意。confirm证实；concentrate专心致志；centre以为中心。答案：B10control vt.&n控制；支配He is in control of the factory.他控制着那家工厂。The car was out of control.汽车失控了。He lost control of his car.他的汽车失控了。beyond ones control某人控制不了under control处于控制下in control(of)控制着i
14、n the control of受的管理out of control失控lose control of无法控制解析：out of control失控，符合句意。答案：B11cure n治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.这种病尚没有确切的治愈方法，但可以医治。When I left hospital I was completely cured.出院时我已经痊愈了。解析：cure sb.of矫正某人的行为。答案：B12defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n.失败He defeated the
15、champion in three sets.他三盘击败了冠军。Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome,she never let her problems defeat her.虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。The world champion had only two defeats in 20 fights.这个世界冠军在20场拳击赛中只败过两场。defeat,beat,windefeat 和 beat 是同义词，其宾语为“人”或“一个团体”，常可互换。defeat 侧重在战场上打败敌人。beat 常用于游
16、戏或比赛中。win 后接sth.，表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，宾语多用game,war,prize 等词，不能是人；win 也可用作不及物动词，表示“赢，获胜”。解析：defeat 打败。句意：他在这场比赛中被打败了。答案：B13suspect vt.怀疑 n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(干)某事suspect sb.to be.猜想某人解析：句意：他怎么啦？他昨晚在宴会上被怀疑偷了戒指，警察们正在调查此事。答案：
17、B14construction n.建筑；解释；建筑物Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using.看这些简单的动词并用写出另外一种结构。construction industry 建筑业a construction of wood 木质建筑under construction(正在)建造中解析：under construction 正在建造。答案：A15infectious adj.受感染的；传染的；有感染力的What do you know about infectious diseases?关于传染病你知道些
18、什么？an infectious disease 一种传染病infectious laughter 有感染力的笑声infect vt.感染，传染infect sb.with.以感染/传染某人be infected with cholera 感染上霍乱解析：be infected with 传染上。答案：A1put forward提出；推荐；提名；把(钟表)往前拨Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？The meeting was put forward half an hour.会议提前了半个小时。put away 收拾起
19、来(放好)；储蓄put aside 放在一边；搁置；储蓄put.into 输入；把译成put off 延期；推迟put on 穿戴上；上演；(体重等)增加put out 扑灭put through 接通电话put up 举起；建造；(为某人)提供膳宿；张贴put up with 容忍；忍受解析：put forward提出。put up 张贴；come up 被提出；put down 放下，镇压。答案：A2link.to 将和连接/联系起来My own work links up with the research you are doing.我自己的工作与你现在从事的研究有联系。be link
20、ed to 和有联系link up(with)连接；结合；有联系link.with 用把连接起来；联系join.to 把与连接/联合connect.to 把连接到connect.with 把与联系/连接起来be connected with 与有联系解析：be linked to与有联系。答案：A3apart from 除之外；此外Apart from a few faults,he is a respectable teacher.除几个缺点外，他是个值得尊敬的教师。apart from表示“除了之外”，既可意为包括在内，也可意为不包括在内。other than意为“除了”，用于否定句。in
21、 addition用于衔接上下文，可单独用于句首，也可以用于句中或句尾，用于句首或句中时要用逗号隔开。in addition to,as well as,besides表示“除之外(还有)(包括在内)”。except,except for,but表示“除之外(不包括在内)”。解 析：apart from除 了 之 外。in addition 另外；instead of 而不是，代替；rather than 而不是。答案：A4make sense 有意义；讲得通She doesnt talk much,but what she says makes sense.她话不多，但言之有理。make n
22、o sense 没有道理；没有意义make sense of.理解；明白；弄懂There is no sense in doing sth.做没有意义in a/one sense 在某种意义上；在某一方面in no sense 决不是；绝非(置于句首，句子采用部分倒装)解析：make sense有意义。答案：C5lead to 通向；导致He led the group out into the garden.他把那些人领出去进了花园。This misprint led to great confusion.这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。lead to sth.cause导致lead to do
23、ing sth.导致做lead a.life过着的生活解析：lead to导致，符合句意。result from起因于；suffer from遭受；run into撞上。答案：C1A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。had it delivered属于have sth.done结构。del
24、ivered是过去分词，作it的宾语补足语，表示被动关系。have sth.done用法小结(1)请人做某事。I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理了发(请别人理发)。(2)遭遇某种(不幸的)事情。I had my watch stolen last night.昨晚我的表被盗了。(3)与cant,wont连用，且主语为第一人称时，表示“不容许，不许可”。I wont have my house turned into a hotel.我决不允许把我的房子变成旅馆。(4)表示“把做完”，主语也可自己参加完成。I must have the work finished
25、before Sunday.我一定要在周日前完成这项工作。解析：have sth.done让某人做某事。答案：C2Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。当only修饰状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序。Only a week later did I receive an answer from her.一周之后我才收到她的回信。Only in this way can you solve
26、this problem.只有用这种办法你才能解决这个问题。if only,only ifif only“要是就好了”，主要用于虚拟语气，表示强烈的愿望或非真实的条件。If only I were a flying bird!要是我是一只飞鸟该多好！If only I hadnt been so careless in the exam!我考试时没有那么粗心就好了！only if“只有”，主要用于条件句中。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室
27、。解析：only状语置于句首，句子采用部分倒装。答案：B3 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。neither.nor.“既不也不”，连接句中两个相同成分，连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。She neither sang nor danced at the party.在聚会上她既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。Neither the father nor the children are interested in the film.父亲和孩子们对这部电影都不感兴趣。Not only the nurs
28、es but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。解析：neither.nor.连接并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近一致原则。答案：A4So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐
29、的老百姓病死。every time 引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever,意思是“每当”。Every time I go to see her,she is absorbed in reading.每次我去看她，她都在专心看书。Every time I see the old photo,I will think of my deskmate in middle school.每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。Next time you come to Beijing,be sure to let me know in advance.下次你来北京，务必要提前告诉我。Jerry
30、 rushed home immediately he heard the news,only to find that his house had been burnt down and all the furniture burnt out.Jerry 一听到消息就跑回家，结果发现自己的房子被烧毁了，所有的家具已化成灰烬。The moment I saw him,I knew what had happened.见到他的那一刻，我就知道发生了什么事。解析：every time 每当时。答案：A5He did not want to be attacked by the Christian
31、Church,so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终前才公布这一观点。(1)句中形容词短语dying 在句中作状语，说明谓语动词发生时，主语所处的状态。For a moment she just stood there,unable to believe what had just happened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。One woman was lying in bed,awake,listening to the rushing wind.有一个女人躺在
32、床上，毫无睡意，静听那疾驰而过的大风。(2)形容词作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。He approached us,full of apologies.他连声道歉地朝我们走过来。解析：考查形容词作状语。句意：汤姆最后到家，又累又饿。答案：C.单词拼写1The doctor is wellknown for having _(治 疗)some people of the deadly disease.2Richardson _(推断出)from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long w
33、ay off.3 The army was welltrained and wellarmed,and had little difficulty _(击败)the enemy.4The _(建设)work of the theatre is supposed to be completed within the year.5Employees are expected and required to _(参加)team meetings.6The president became too _(热心的)over a big navy.7The scientists are doing _(科学
34、的)research on the rats.8His injuries were _(严重的)and he was rushed to hospital.9Its difficult to _(操纵)the machine.10He is intensely _(谨慎的)not to make mistakes in spelling.答案1 cured 2.concluded 3.defeating4.construction5 attend 6.enthusiastic 7.scientific8.severe9handle10.cautious.短语填空put forward；link
35、.to.；apart from;lead to;make sense；expose.to;look into;slow down;die of;at times1A black car cut in ahead of me,forcing me to_.2Without plenty of water,you will easily _ thirst in the desert.3This essay is quite good _ a couple of spelling mistakes.4 There is no doubt that stress can _ physical illn
36、ess.5I dont think it _ to focus only on providing basic services.6I wrote a letter of complaint，and the airline has promised to _ the matter.7Andrew can be very bad tempered _ even though he is friendly in general.8A new approach to teaching languages was _ at the meeting last week.9 These colors wi
37、ll not last if they _ the sun.10 Scientists now _ certain types of cancer_ the amount of junk food that people eat.答案1slow down 2.die of 3.apart from4.lead to5makes sense6.look into7.at times8 put forward 9.are exposed to10.link.to.单项填空1(2013浙江省龙湾中学月考)How can my daughter develop her interest in lite
38、rature?You should _ her to classical literary works.AdevoteBapplyCexposeDrecommend解析：expose“暴露”。句意：我女儿怎样才能培养对文学的兴趣？你应该让她接受古代文学作品。答案：C2An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been _.Agiven offBcalled inCput forwardDset out解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个有趣的测量火星周围大气的建议已经被提出来了。give off
39、意思是“散发”，call in 意思是“收回；请来”。put forward“提出(建议、计划等)”。set out 意思是“开始”。答案：C3(2013曲靖高三质检)My father,who is strict _ his work,is quite strict _ me as well.Awith;aboutBabout;withCabout;aboutDwith;with解析：考查介词搭配。be strict about/in sth.“在某事上要求严格”；be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”。答案：B4“It is not only you but also To
40、m who _，”said the teacher after knowing what had happened.A are to be blamedB is to be blamedCare to blameDis to blame解析：考查主谓一致。not only.but also 连接并列的主语时，应遵循就近原则。who 代替的是先行词Tom,再结合be to blame 的用法，可以判断应该选D。答案：D5(2013浙江滨江中学月考)Do you know how much time and effort they devoted _ such a complicated proj
41、ect?Ato completeBcompletedCcompletingDto completing解析：devote.to doing sth.把投入于做某事。答案：D6After thinking long and hard about it,weve _ that the right decision is to move to Chicago.AknownBrecognizedCconcludedDinsisted解析：句意：经过长期苦苦的考虑之后，我们 断 定 迁 往 芝 加 哥 是 正 确 的 决 定。conclude“推断，断定”，符合句意。A项“知道；了解”；B项“认出”；D
42、项“坚持要求”，均不合题意。答案：C7When I came into her room,she was _ in her book.AabsorbedBcontrolledCexposedDdevoted解析：考查动词辨析。be absorbed in“全神贯注于某事”；controlled“被控制”；exposed“暴露”；devote 与 to 搭配意为致力于做某事。句意：当我进屋的时候，她正专心地看书。故答案为A项。答案：A8 _ of being involved in the attempted murder,she was questioned by the police.ACo
43、nvincedBSuspectedCChargedDAsked解析：考查动词辨析。由下文的“她被警方讯问”可以看出，是因为她被怀疑卷入了那起谋杀未遂案。suspect“怀疑”，这里是过去分词短语作原因状语。convince“说服”；charge“指控”；ask“问”。答案：B9Oh,my God.I failed again!Dont lose heart.Lets _ the problem and see what went wrong.AanalyzeBresembleCconcentrateDsubstitute解析：考查动词辨析。后句句意：别灰心。我们来分析一下这个问题，看是什么地方
44、出错了。analyze“分析”，符合语意。resemble“像；类似”；concentrate“集中；聚集”；substitute“用代替”。答案：A10He has done good work,_ a few slight faults.Arather thanBregardless ofCapart fromDin case of解析：考查介词短语。rather than“而不”；regardless of“不管，不顾”；apart fromexcept for“除外”；in case of“万一，如果”。答案：C11On snowy days,you have to drive ver
45、y _ to avoid traffic accidents.AcautiouslyBneatlyCsmoothlyDproperly解析：考查副词辨析。句意：在下雪天，你必 须 谨 慎 驾 车 以 避 免 交 通 事 故。cautiously“谨慎地”；neatly“整洁地”；smoothly“平滑地”；properly“适当地”。答案：A12(2013池州高三质检)She couldnt help feeling sad and tears would run down her cheeks _ she came back to the ruins where her hometown w
46、as once built.Aevery timeBfor the first timeCat the momentDfor the moment解析：考查短语和连词辨析。every time 连接时间状语从句，表示“每当的时候”，而加介词的选项只能作状语。答案：A13Why not join us in playing football?Im afraid not,for I have something important to _.Aturn toBattend toClook onDtake on解析：考查动词短语辨析。后句意为：恐怕我不能参加，因为我有重要的事情要处理。turn to
47、“转向”；attend to“处理”；look on“看待”；take on“呈现；雇用”。由题意可知B项正确。答案：B14(2013福州模拟)No difficulty could _ this brave man since he is so confident and capable.AdefeatBattackCwinDovercome解析：考查动词意义辨析。根据句意可知该人勇敢、自信、有能力，可以推断出他肯定不会被困难“打垮、打败(defeat)”。attack“攻击”；win“赢得(比赛项目或奖励)”；overcome“战胜(困难)”等。答案：A15(2013福建龙岩检测)Only
48、 after a woman has her own child _ how difficult it is to be a mother.Ashe can realizeBcan she realizeCshe realizesDcan she realizes解析：考查倒装结构。句意：一个女人只有在有了自己的孩子以后，才能意识到做个母亲是多么地不容易。only 放在句首，修饰状语，引起主句的部分倒装。故选B。答案：B专家支招妙解高考记叙灾难性事件一、写作内容报道这类事件，一般应包括事件发生的时间、地点、灾情、损失以及救援情况等。二、必背套语1某地发生an earthquake happen
49、ed in/hit/struck.某地发生了一场地震a terrible fire broke out in.某地遭遇了一场大火2造成的后果(1)失踪：missing(2)受伤：get injured(3)死 亡：be killed/lose ones life/cause sb.s death(4)电力中断：the electricity was cut off(5)房屋倒塌：houses collapse/fall down(6)冲走房屋：wash away buildings(7)成为废墟：be in ruins；fall into ruin(8)菜地被毁坏了：vegetable fie
50、lds were ruined(9)造成经济损失：cause economic losses3救援捐赠(1)受灾地区：stricken district/area(2)救灾工作：rescue work(3)恢复正常：return to normal(4)地 震 灾 民：the victims of the earthquake(5)被困人员：trapped people(6)拯救：rescue.from(7)呼吁人们捐赠：call on people to make donations；donations are badly needed4灾难性事件词汇fire(火灾)，flood(水灾)，d