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1、English Poetry:William Blake(1757-1827)I must Create a System,or be enslaved by another Mans.1650-1780The Age of ReasonScience,philosophyThe universe is a purposeful structure that can be understood completely through the use of reason.Objectivity.We should rely on our experience of the physical wor
2、ld to determine truth.Descartes,Locke,Newton,Mozart1789-1840 The Romantic PeriodArtThe universe is a mysterious structure that can best be understood through irrational faculties such as imagination.Subjectivity.We should transcend our experience of the physical world to determine truth.Wordsworth,C
3、oleridge,French RevolutionRationalist Painting:The Death of Socrates,DavidRomantic Painting:The Nightmare,Fuselislant rhyme:worm,stormold-fasioned language,perhaps recalling the King James BibleThe Sick RoseO Rose thou art sick.The invisible worm,That flies in the nightIn the howling storm;Has found
4、 out thy bedOf crimson joy:And his dark secret loveDoes thy life destroy.two stanzasLevel 1,Physical Truth:the Rose as FlowerOur understanding of the natural image of the rose as a flower is complicated by the unnatural image of“the invisible worm”that“flies in the night.”Is there another way to rea
5、d the poem that will make sense of the“invisible worm”?The Sick RoseO Rose thou art sick.The invisible worm,That flies in the nightIn the howling storm;Has found out thy bedOf crimson joy:And his dark secret loveDoes thy life destroy.My Pretty Rose TreeA flower was offerd to me;Such a flower as May
6、never bore.But I said Ive a Pretty Rose-treeAnd I passed the sweet flower oer.Then I went to my Pretty Rose-tree;To tend her by day and by night.But my Rose turnd away with jealousy:And her thorns were my only delight.The LilyThe modest Rose puts forth a thorn,The humble sheep a threatning horn:Whil
7、e the Lily white shall in love delight,Nor a thorn nor a threat stain her beauty bright.Cross-Referencing:Toward Objective InterpretationThe Sick RoseO Rose thou art sick.The invisible worm,That flies in the nightIn the howling storm;Has found out thy bedOf crimson joy:And his dark secret loveDoes t
8、hy life destroy.Level II,Physical/Metaphorical Truth:Rose as a Girl or WomanThe Sick RoseO Rose thou art sick.The invisible worm,That flies in the nightIn the howling storm;Has found out thy bedOf crimson joy:And his dark secret loveDoes thy life destroy.Rose can be considered a female who is secret
9、ly loved by a male.He has found her bed.His love is destroying her life.Rose appears to be“sick”because she“joys”in what“destroys”her.The male love worm in the female bed of joy strongly is a very Freudian image.Freud believed objects that have phallic shapes symbolize the male in the subconscious m
10、ind.Guns,swords,missiles,monuments,cigars,and snakes are some of the more commonly suggested phallic symbols.Sigmund Freud and the Phallic SymbolFreud and the Female SymbolRed Canna,OKeefe,1923Likewise,Freud believed that objects with resemblance to the female body represent females in the subconsci
11、ous mind.Flowers are one of the things commonly taken to represent females.“In Pagan times,this glyph was associated with the Goddess Venus,and represented female genitalia.Early depictions of Christ depict him as an infant within the vesica(In this context,it is usually referred to as a mandorla,me
12、aning almond shaped.),which represented the womb of Mary,and often,the coming together of heaven and earth in the body of Jesus(part man,part god).”http:/ Coronada por la Santisima Trinidad Anonymous,17th century王宏源汉字字源入门，华语教学出版社，1994Level III,Symbolism:the Worm Representing DeathIn the King James B
13、ible,“worm”occurs thirteen times.In 10/13 cases,“worm”is metonymic for death.(Metonymy means“part representing the whole,”as in“lend a hand.”The worm is considered a part of death.)Examples:Job 17:14“I have said to corruption,Thou art my father:to the worm,Thou art my mother,and my sister.”Job 24:20
14、“the worm shall feed sweetly on him;he shall be no more remembered”Isaiah 51:8“For the moth shall eat them up like a garment,and the worm shall eat them like wool:but my righteousness shall be for ever”Hamlet IV.iii“Your worm is your only emperor for diet:we fat all creatures else to fat us,and we fat ourselves for maggots worms”The Sick RoseO Rose thou art sick.The invisible worm,That flies in the nightIn the howling storm;Has found out thy bedOf crimson joy:And his dark secret loveDoes thy life destroy.ContrariesAttractionReasonLoveGoodPassiveHeavenRepulsionEnergyHateEvilActiveHell