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1、The Location of Old Summer The Location of Old Summer PalacePalaceItislocated8kilometres(5.0mi)northwestofthewallsoftheImperialCityandwasbuiltinthe18thandearly19thcenturyastheplacewheretheemperorsoftheQingdynastyresidedandhandledgovernmentaffairs(theForbiddenCitywasusedforformalceremonies).TheOldSum
2、merPalacewasknownforitsextensivecollectionofgardenandbuildingarchitecturesandotherworksofart(apopularnameinChinawastheGardenofGardens,simplifiedChinese:万园之园万园之园;traditionalChinese:萬園之園萬園之園;pinyin:wnyunzhyun).TheImperialGardensattheOldSummerPalaceweremadeupofthreegardens:GardenofPerfectBrightnessprop
3、er(simplifiedChinese:圆明园明园;traditionalChinese:圓明園圓明園;pinyin:YunmngYun)GardenofEternalSpring(simplifiedChinese:长春园春园;traditionalChinese:長春園長春園;pinyin:ChngchnYun)ElegantSpringGarden(simplifiedChinese:绮春园春园;traditionalChinese:綺綺春園春園;pinyin:QchnYun)InitialconstructionoftheOldSummerPalaceInitialconstruct
4、ionoftheOldSummerPalacebeganin1707duringthereignoftheKangxibeganin1707duringthereignoftheKangxiEmperor.ItwasintendedasagiftfortheEmperor.Itwasintendedasagiftfortheemperorsfourthson,PrinceYong(theemperorsfourthson,PrinceYong(thefutureYongzhengEmperor),whowouldgreatlyfutureYongzhengEmperor),whowouldgr
5、eatlyexpandtheImperialGardensin1725.TheexpandtheImperialGardensin1725.TheYongzhengEmperoralsointroducedtheYongzhengEmperoralsointroducedthewaterworksofthegardens,creatinglakes,waterworksofthegardens,creatinglakes,streamsandpondstocomplementtherollinghillsstreamsandpondstocomplementtherollinghillsand
6、grounds,andnamed28scenicspotswithinandgrounds,andnamed28scenicspotswithinthegarden.thegarden.Period IDuringtheQianlongEmperorsreign,thesecondexpansionwaswellunderwayandthenumberofscenicspotsincreasedto50(theemperorpersonallydirectedtheconstructionprocess).Thesplendorsofthepalaceandthegroundsweredepi
7、ctedintheFortyViewsoftheYuanmingyuan,analbumproducedin1744bytheQianlongEmperorscourtpainters.Period IIThelastEuropeanappearanceintheOldSummerPalaceinthecontextoftraditionalChineseimperialforeignrelations,wasadiplomaticmissionin1795representingtheinterestsoftheDutchandDutchEastIndiaCompany.TheTitsing
8、hdelegationincludedIsaacTitsingh,theDutch-AmericanAndreasEverardusvanBraamHouckgeest,andtheFrenchmanChrtien-Louis-JosephdeGuignes.Bothpublishedcomplementaryaccountsofthemission.TitsinghdiedbeforehecouldpublishhisversionoftheeventsPeriod IIILooting of the Old Summer Palace by Looting of the Old Summe
9、r Palace by Anglo-French forces in 1860 during Anglo-French forces in 1860 during theSecond Opium War.theSecond Opium War.The process of invadingThe process of invadingIn 1860,duringtheSecondOpiumWar,BritishandFrenchexpeditionaryforces,havingmarchedinlandfromthecoastatTianjin(Tientsin),arrivedinBeij
10、ing(Peking).In mid-September,twoenvoys,HenryLochandHarryParkswentaheadofthemainforceunderaflagoftrucetonegotiatewithPrinceYiandrepresentativesoftheQingEmpireatTongzhou(Tungchow).On the night of 6 October,FrenchunitsdivertedfromthemainattackforcetowardstheOldSummerPalace.On October 18,LordElgin,theBr
11、itishHighCommissionertoChina,retaliatedagainstthetortureandexecutionsbyorderingthedestructionoftheOldSummerPalace.In1873,theteenageTongzhiEmperorattemptedtorebuildtheOldSummerPalace,onthepretextofturningitintoaplaceofretirementforhistwoformerregents,theempressdowagersCianandCixi.However,theimperialc
12、ourtlackedthefinancialresourcestorebuildthepalace,andattheurgingofthecourt,theemperorfinallyagreedtostoptheprojectin1874.Duringthe1880s,anadjacentimperialgardens,theGardensofClearRipples(thepresent-daySummerPalace)wasrestoredfortheuseofEmpressDowagerCixiasanewsummerresort,albeitonasmallerscale.感谢您的阅读！为了便于学习和使用，本文档下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。学习永远不晚。JinTai College