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1、ABAP/4 DictionaryChapter02 The ABAP/4 D ic tio n a ryB rie f o v e rv ie w o f th e A B A P /4 D ic tio n a ry B a s ic o b je c ts in th e A B A P /4 D ic tio n a ryV ie wsAggregated Objects in the ABAP/4 Dictionary: ViewsAggregated9 means consisting of several components. In the ABAP/4 Dictionary,
2、 aggregated are objects which come from several different transparent tables. Views are application-specific views of different ABAP/4 Dictionary tables. Views allow you to gather information from the fields of different tables and present it to users in the form they require when working with the R
3、/3 System. Views are mainly used for programming with ABAP/4 and for F4 online help.Summary (Chapter 2)Ghapter02 SummaryT h e A B A P /4 D ic tio n a ry is th e c e n fra I fa c ility in th e s y s te m where you can c re a te and m ain ta in d ata d ecla ra tio nsz ta ble sz s tru c tu re s and a g
4、 g re g a te d o bje cfs. S in c e it is in te g ra te d in to th e A B A P /4 D e v e Io p m e n t Wo rk bench a s a n active component, a ny change made in th e A B A P /4 D ic tio n a ry ta k e s im m e d ia te e ffe c t in p ro g ra m s a ffe c te d.Exercises (Chapter 02)Exercises Chapter 2: ABA
5、P/4 Dictionary1 Name of your structure:#:ZCA#Group numberTask:Define an ABAP/4 Dictionary structure (you will use this in a later exercise).The structure should consist of the following fields:Field nameData elementCARRIDS CARR IDSEATSMAXS SEATSMAXObjectives Chapter 2Ghapter02 ObjectivesIn th is c h
6、 a p te r y o u w ill Ie a rn th e re la tio n s h ip b e tw e e n A B A P /4 p ro g ra m s a n d th e A B A P /4 D ic tio n a ryhowtocreate data elements and domains how to c re a te tra n s p a re n t ta b Ie s z s tru c tu re s andv ie wsIntegration into ABAP/4 Workbench (Active) SAP AG The ABAP
7、/ 4 Dictionary is an active, integral component of the ABAP / 4 Development Workbench. Any change made in the Dictionary becomes effective at once in the relevant ABAP/ 4 programs and screens. The basis for this is the interpretive nature of the R/3 Systems. The interpreter doesnot operate directly
8、on the original code of an ABAP/4 program or screen, but interprets a generated, internal representation. When changes are made in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, automatic post-generation of this internal representation guarantees that the interpreter is always working with the latest data.Basic Dictionary
9、ObjectsBasic Diction The basic data definition objects in the ABAP/4 Dictionary are tables, domains and data elements. Domains describe the technical attributes of table fields (e.g. field type, field length), while data elements contain the semantic definition (e.g. short description). Fields are n
10、ot independent objects and can only be maintained within tables. They presuppose the existence of a data element.TzA data element presupposes the existence of a domain. Domains can be defined without further reference to other Dictionary objects.tableDual Level Domain ConceptDual Level DIn the AB AP
11、 / 4 Dictionary, two types of objects are used for data definition purposes. These are technical domains (known as domains in the R/3 System) and semantic domains (known as dataelements in the R/3 System).TableThe domain is the central object used to describe the attributes of a business object. It
12、describes a fields value range which is defined by specifying formal attributes such as external form and by specifying fixed values or a value table. The data element is the semantic object. It describes precisely the purpose of a domain in a particular business setting for the fields which depend
13、on it. Forexample, the table fields FORCURAM (table SBOOK) and PRICE (table SFLIGHT) belong to the same domain S_PRICE. To distinguish their actual business application, the field FORCURAM uses the data element S_F_CUR_PR and the field PRICE uses the data eleifent(p(1ei|Iboth fields belong to the sa
14、me domain because theycugenc 工 fields and t|ms (i if?感味 & Jatttributes.Transparent Tables SAP AG When it has been activated in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, a transparent table is automatically created in the database. This process translates the database-independent description of the table in the ABAP/4
15、Dictionary into the language of the database system being used. The database table has the same name as the table in the ABAP/ 4 Dictionary. The fields also have the same names in both the database and in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The data types in the ABAP/4 Dictionary are converted to the correspondi
16、ng data types of the database system. As ofRelease 3.0, the sequence of fields in the ABAP / 4 Dictionary can vary from the sequence of fields in the database. This allows you to insert new fields without having to convert the table by performing a physical reorganization. When adding new fields, th
17、e adjustment is made by changing the database catalog (ALTERTABLE). Anewfield is appended to the database table, regardless ofits position in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.Creating Transparent TablesCreating TraS AP AGfielBy activating a table of type TRANSP in the ABAP / 4 Dictionary, you automatically cre
18、ate the table via the database utility in the database. Only complex database operations such as table conversions must be performed directly via the database utility. Simple operations, such as creating objects, can be performed automatically by activating the objects in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. In t
19、he database utility, you can control the database objects with an analysis tool.NameShort textStatusStructuresStructuresBesides defining tables stored in the database, you can also define the structure of data which occurs when performing calculations in programs, or when passing data between progra
20、ms, globally in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. This kind of definition is known as a structure. Structures do not correspond to objects in the database. Structures are defined and activated in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. They can then be addressed by ABAP/4 programs like tables declared in the TABLES statement.
21、While data can be permanently stored in transparent tables in the database, data in structures exists only during the runtime of a program. Structures are used in particular for defining data at the interface of module pools and screens, as well as for assigning the types to the parameters of reusab
22、le function modules or subroutines. Defining structures centrally means that you can change them centrally. The active ABAP/4 Dictionary then ensures that any modifications are made in all the places concerned.Creating StructuresCreating StruS AP AGfielTo define a structure, you go into the Object B
23、rowser and proceed as follows:-Under Single objects , select Dictionary objects.-On the Dictionary objects screen, select Structure . On the next screen, you can enter the field names of your structure and specify the name of an existing data element (or define a new one) which points to a domain. When checked and found to have no errors, the structure is saved and activated and is readyforuse.NameShort textStatus