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1、Lesson 5 Angels on a Pin n nWhy is the article entitled“Angels on a Pin”?The title of the text“Angles on a Pin”comes from the much-talked about question:“How many angles can dance on the head of a pin?”which is used to ridicule those people who asked meaningless questions about the Bible in the Midd
2、le Ages.It is also used ironically to describe the kind of questions that philosophers ponder.nMedieval scholastics were fond of debating such meaningless questions as“How many angels can dance on the point of a pin?”“Did Adam have a navel?”and“Do angels defecate?”The emerging sciences replaced such
3、“scholarly”debates with experimentation and appeals to observable fact.Discussionn nHow adults“kill”creativity?nInsisting that children do things in the“right way”nTeaching a child to think that there is just one right way to do things kills the urge to try new ways.nPressuring children to be realis
4、tic,to stop imagining.nWhen we label a childs flights of fantasy as“silly”,we bring the child down to earth with a blow,causing the inventive urge to die.nMaking comparisons with other children.nThis is a subtle pressure on a child to conform;yet the essence of creativity is freedom to conform or no
5、t to conform.nDiscouraging childrens curiosity.nOne of the indicators of creativity is curiosity;yet we often brush questions aside because we are too busy for silly questions.Childrens questions deserve respect.Introduction to the Textn1.This article was written at a time when the whole of the Unit
6、ed States was thrown into a panic over the launching of the first satellite by the Russians.n2.Many Americans believed that there must be something seriously wrong with their educational system.n3.The nations problem in education was the traditional teaching and testing methods,which emphasized book
7、 knowledge rather than students originality and creativity.Theme of the StoryPart of the nations problem in education is the traditional teaching and teaching methods,which emphasize book knowledge rather than students originality and creativity.Part 1(para.1)about:Part 2(paras.)about:Part 3(paras.)
8、about:I.I.Text AnalysisText AnalysisStructure of the Text25610The author was asked to be a referee on the grading of an exam question.The students way of solving a problem of physics.The students flexible way of working things out arouses our awareness of the drawbacks of the present-day education.T
9、he end of Structure.Alexander Calandra is now Professor of Emeritus of Physical Sciences at Washington University in St.Louis,Missouri.The present text is adapted from“Angels on the Head of a Pin:A Modern Parable”which first appeared in Saturday Review.Dec.21,1968 and has,since then,become a classic
10、(or an often quoted)case on the problems of American education.I.I.Author Author The end of Author.Language studyn1.barometer nbaro-weightnmeter:to measurenMore examples:nThermometer(thermo=heat)nCentimeter(centi-=hundred)nDiameter(dia-=across)nSeismometer(seismo-=shake)nn.a.an instrument that measu
11、res the air pressure and shows when the n weather is going to change nb.something that shows or gives an idea n of changes that are happeningnExamples:Infant mortality is a highly sensitive barometer of social condition.the barometer of public opinion2.bring sth.upe.g.bring up the stairs She was wel
12、l brought up.bring up questions/problems/evidence He was brought up on a charge of causing a disturbance.(扰乱治安罪)“bring”VP p.114 nbring aboutnbring downnbring innbring back3.Creditn学分 a measure of students workne.g.a 4-credit coursen earn creditsn It takes 158 credits to graduate.4.Competencencompete
13、nce(in doing sth./in/for sth.)ne.g.Her mothers competence in handling money is beyond doubt.n petentn be competent for/in ones work5.Warnn1)to warn sb.about sth.neg.I warned her about the weather.nMa Yinchu warned us about the population problem.n2)to warn sb.not to do sth.neg:She warned me not to c
14、atch cold.nThe doctor warned him not to smoke againn3)to warn sb.thatneg.I warned you that you had to hurry.nWe were warned that there was a storm coming.n4)to warn sb.of sth.or against sth.neg.I warned her of the danger.nScientists warned the government against that policy.6.Pick up p.115n1)take up
15、 n The bird picked up a worm.n2)improven pick up ones spiritsn3)improve,recovern A little food will pick you up.n4)improven Business appears to be picking up.7.If vs.whethern“if”cannot be used in the following situations but“whether”can.n1)“or”nHe didnt know whether he should agree or not.n2)to infi
16、nitivenI dont know whether to laugh or cry.n3)after prep.nIt depends on whether we have fund.8.Give up “give”VP p.114n1)give up:stop doing;admit defeatne.g.give up smoking/alcoholn give sb.upn2)give inn give sth.inn3)give backn4)give offn5)give out distribute;announce9.RecallTo remember,bring back t
17、o the mind,recollectn1)recall+n.n e.g.I dont recall your name but recognize your face.n2)recall+doing sth.ne.g.I recall seeing the poster on the wall in our classroom.n3)recall that-clausene.g.I dont recall that I ever met him/where he lives.10.proportionn of sth to sth:neg the of imports to exports
18、进出口比例nin proportion:符合相称nHer features are in.她五官端正。n out of 11.prefer:nlike it betternThis word is usually used in the following patterns:n1)prefer A to Bn2)prefer to do sth.n3)prefer doing sth.n4)prefer to do rather than do sth.n1)To prefer A to BnE.g:She prefers country life to city life.nHe prefe
19、rred history to literature.n2)to prefer to do sth.neg.I preferred to work in Shanghai.nShe prefers to wear cotton shoes.n3)to prefer doing sth.neg.-Shall we go to the Summer Palace or stay home tomorrow?n-I prefer going to the Summer Palace.12.sophisticated adj.n1)complex,refined,elaborate,subtleneg
20、.modern weapons 精良尖端的武器 embroidery 精美的刺绣品n2）experienced老于世故的neg.I dont like working with very sophisticated person.n3)Sophisticate n.an experienced personnSophistication n.quality of sophisticated13.in principle:generally.nEg:I think you are right in principle(not necessarily in detail).n In princip
21、le,every child has the right to go to school.nThe scheme seems OK in principle,but I want to know more details.14.to work out:to calculate.neg:Well have to work out how many people are needed.nShe could work out the answer quickly on a piece of paper.na.to calculate an answer,amount,price,or n value
22、nb.to think about sth.and manage to n understand itnc.to think carefully about how you are going n to do sth.and plan a good way of doing itnd.to get betterne.to excise1)You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers.2)The plot is complicated;it will take you a while to work it out.3)UN negot
23、iators have worked out a set of compromise proposals.4)I hope it all works out between Gina and Andy.5)He works out with weight twice a week.15.temptatione.g.There might be a temptation to cheat if students sit too close together.temptnv.persuade sb to do sth,esp sth wrong or unwisen eg.He was tempt
24、ed onto a life of crime by greed and laziness.n 受贪婪和懒惰的诱使他步入了罪恶的深渊。ner n.the tempter:the Devil,Satan魔鬼撒旦n tempting adj.attractive,invitingn eg.Its very tempting to enjoy the beautiful scenery along the Yangpu River in the evening.16.Panicne.g.Panic swept through the swimmers as they saw the shark ap
25、proaching.nWhen four banks failed in one day,there was a among the businessmen.nThe forecast of flooding caused in the riverside towns.nThe audience were thrown into a when the fire started.nThey fled in a.nThe crowd ked at the sound of the explosion.na crisis that ked the government into taking rash measures