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1、 名词名词1)名词的数:p422)名词的属格p543)双重属格(有时可以与of词组代替使用,有时则完全不行)p57Heisafriendofmyfathers(双重属格)他是爸爸的一个朋友Heisafriendofmyfather(of-词组)他对爸爸挺友好对比(完全不同的意义)aportaitofMrWhites华特先生画的或收藏的一张肖像aportaitofMrWhite华特先生的肖像【例例1】TodayisSeptember10th.Its_Day.A.TeachersB.TeachersC.theTeachersD.Teachers典型例题解析典型例题解析【例例2】Imafraidth
2、atthereisno_foryouinmycar,becausetherearealreadyfivepeople.A.landB.groundC.roomD.floorBC【例例3】TheseGermanswanttohavesome_forsupper,sotheydecidetocatch_now.A.fish,manyB.fishes,muchC.fish,muchD.fishes,many【例例4】Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_,please?A.somebreadB.somewaterC.somecakesD.someeggs【例例5】Some_arefl
3、yingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childsABC.将下列词组译成英语将下列词组译成英语1.三双鞋三双鞋_2.二十个女教师二十个女教师_3.两瓶橘汁两瓶橘汁_4.Tom父亲的一个朋友父亲的一个朋友_5.少年宫少年宫_课时训练课时训练threepairsofshoestwentywomenteacherstwobottlesoforangejuiceafriendofTomsfatherstheChildrensPalace1.Therich_notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.haveD.has2.InBritain,_are
4、allpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox3.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans4.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.country5.Motherbroughtme_.A.agoodnewsB.apieceofnewsC.manygoo
5、dnewsD.twonews课时训练课时训练AADAB6.March8this_Day.A.WomansB.WomensC.WomansD.Women7.Wecandotheworkbetterwith_moneyand_people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few8.Therearethree_inourclass.A.ZhousB.ZhousC.ZhousD.Zhouss9.Itsaboutten_walk.A.minutesB.minutesC.minuteD.minutes10.Thisroomis_.A.Billand
6、DavidsB.BillsandDavidsC.BillsandDavidsD.BillandDavid课时训练课时训练(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)11.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful_inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities12.Wouldyoulike_?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat13.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Idliketwo_.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmil
7、kD.bottleofmilks14.Tomscarismorebeautifulthan_.A.hisbrothersandsisterB.hisbrotherandsisterC.hisbrothersandsistersD.hisbrothersandsisters15.“NightingalPrize”isfor_.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurses课时训练课时训练BACDD主谓一致指的是主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主谓语动词与主语在人称和数语在人称和数方面的一致。方面的一致。主谓一致原则:主谓一致原则:(一)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距(一)当
8、名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名离、金额、时间、书名,报刊杂志,报刊杂志等复数等复数名词时,谓语常用单数。名词时,谓语常用单数。如:Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.TheNewYorkTimesisreadingallovertheUnitedStates.纽约时报备注表时间复数名词表时间复数名词若与若与pass,goby,spend,waste等连用时,谓语动词用复数。等连用时,谓语动词用复数。如:Sixmonthshavepassed,andwestillhavenonewsofthem.六个月过去了,我们依然没有他们的消息(二)不定
9、代词(二)不定代词each,every,no及及manya,morethanone所修饰的名词所修饰的名词,即使以即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数。词仍用单数。如:Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture.Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasseenthefilm.许多教师和学生都看过这部电影。补充说明不定代词不定代词one,noone,theother,another,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody,
10、nobody,anything,something,everything,nothing,each,either以及被以及被each,every修饰的名词做主语,尽管有些修饰的名词做主语,尽管有些表达复数意义,但是,它们的谓语应该用表达复数意义,但是,它们的谓语应该用单数形式单数形式Iseverybodyheretoday?大家都到齐了吗?Neither(book)isgood.两本书都不好。Noneknowstheweightofanothersburden.见人挑担不吃力。备注注:neither,none做主语时,口语中或非正式文字中,谓语动词通常用复数,正式的书面语中用单数。如:Are/
11、Isneitheroftheteamsplayingthisweek?Noneofthemhas/havebeentotheGreatWall.none作主语,其表语是单数,谓语用单数;表语是复数,谓语则用复数。Noneisgoodstudent.Nonearegoodstudents(三)不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。Tobeateacherismydream.Readingismyhobby.(四)疑问词的主谓一致:1由what引出的从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneeda
12、remoreteachers.2在“oneof+复数名词+who/that”引导的从句中的动词用复数,但当one之前有theonly等修饰语时,从句中的动词则用单数。如:Thisisoneofthegirlswhowerelateforthemeeting.Thisistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforthemeeting.备注疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;WhoareLeaguemembers?whatisyourenames?主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。Whoisyourbrother?whatarethe
13、seinEnglish?(五)以(五)以and连接的两个名词作主语时谓语连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。动词通常用复数。如:Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但在以下几种情况中用单数:1当被修饰的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一个人、物或概念时。如:Thegirlsteacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.2当被连接的两个单数名词表示的是一副用具时。Aknifeandforkisonthetable.奶油面包是西方的日常食物。BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.(六)有些以-s结尾的名词作主语时,根
14、据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数:1表示学科名称的名词单数;physics,politics.maths。2国家或团体名称单数;theUnitedStates如果不是国名而是山脉海峡,瀑布等,通常为复数如theHimalayasare.3.疾病,游戏名词,s结尾并不一定是复数:Marbles(打弹子的游戏)isoneoftheoldestofgames.mumps(腮腺炎)isdangerous.有些疾病即可单数也可复数measles(麻疹);rickets(软骨病)4theOlympicGames复数;5当复数同形的名词,如,means,works,series等。要根据意思判断:如:Ever
15、ymeansbeentried.hasAllmeansbeentried.6.以ings结尾的单词,谓语一般为复数earnings;lodgings(租的房间);surroundings(环境);等等tidings(消息)即可单数,又可复数7。其他s结尾词,应根据具体情况判断。如news本身单词就s结尾Thenewsisbad.(七)集体名词作主语时,视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数:1police,people等名词复数;2clothing,equipment,furniture等名词单数;3family,class,public,population等名词表示个体时单数;Myfamilyis
16、big.表示单位成员时复数;MyfamilyarewatchingTV.practice30%ofthepopulationfarmers.ThepopulationofChina1.3billion.areis(八)all,most,half,therest等不定代词作主语时,视其所代的名词或意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;Allofthepeoplehavegone.如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.(九)alotof/lotsof,alargequantityof等量词+名词
17、作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。如:Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.但largequantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:Largequantitiesoffood/booksareonthetable.(十)“a(the,this,that)kind/sort/typeof+名词”做主语,谓语用单数形式;但“these(those,all,many,some)kindsof+名词”做主语,谓语则用复数形式。Thiskindofbookisusefulforus.这种书对我们很用。Manykindsofs
18、hoesareonsaleinthatshop.那个店里有许多种鞋出售。备注“名词名词+ofa(the,this,that,these,those,all,some,many等)+kind(s)”做主语,谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一致。如:Menofthiskindaredangerous对比Thiskindofmenisdangerous(十一)分数或百分数+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由分数或百分数后的名词决定Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiswater.Twentypercentoftheorangesarebad.population除外除外(
19、十二)morethanone.,manya.作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Manyastudenthasreadthebook.Manyastudenthasreadthebook.对比:对比:Morethanonestudentishere.Morestudentsthanonearehere.morethanone+单数名词单数名词+单数谓语单数谓语more+复数名词复数名词+thanone+复数谓语复数谓语补充“一两个一两个”,用,用“oneortwo+名词复名词复数数”表达时,谓语用复数;用表达时,谓语用复数;用“a(an)+名词名词单数单数ortwo”表达时,谓语动词用单数形式。表达
20、时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Oneortwodaysareenoughforthem.=Adayortwoisenoughforthem.给他们一两天时间足够了。(十三)or,either.or.,neither.nor.,notonly.but(also).等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与就近的主语一致。NotonlyyoubutalsoLilygoestoschoollate.备注Therebe句型、以句型、以here开头的句子谓语动开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致词和靠近的主语一致Thereisanappleandtwobananasinthebox.Herecomesthebus.(十四
21、)主语后面跟有(十四)主语后面跟有like,aswellas/with/alongwith/togetherwith,except/but/ratherthan,including/besides/inadditionto等词组时,谓语根据主语而定。等词组时,谓语根据主语而定。TheteachertogetherwithhisstudentswasexcitedNooneexceptthetwoboyswaslateforclass.LiMing,ratherthanhisclassmates,hasletoutthesecret.(十五)(十五)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Onthewallhangtwolargeportraits.墙上挂着两幅大肖像。Betweenthetworowsoftreesstandstheteachingbuilding.要两排树之间是教学楼。(十六)(十六)“the+形容词形容词”(如如thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thedead,thesick等等)作主语作主语表示一群人的表示一群人的时候时候,谓语,谓语动词往往用复数动词往往用复数Thepoorareeducatedfreeinthisnation.总结语法一致意义一致就近一致原则