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1、1st week-Sept.1-7oWelcome Back!o1.Brief Introductiono2.Chapter 1o3.Chapter o4.Filmfilms oTo appreciate a film,it is not necessarily vital to study the history of films,however,it would be of great assistance if you have certain knowledge about films.o -Movies,a Crash Course Purposes o1.To gain a rou
2、gh idea of what had happened in the long history of films and what is happening now.o2.To know more about some of the representative film-makers,actors and their masterpieces.o3.To enjoy some of the masterpieces,nice films and their wonderful music.o4.Hopefully,try to use everything learned in the c
3、ourse to get a better idea of film itself.How to do?o1.the history and some related informationo2.film+musico3.discussion+paper-writing Final exam o1.background informationtest papero2.paper-writing-an article about certain film oAbout the textbook!Chapter 1 Birth of Films o1.The Origin of Filmso2.L
4、umiereo3.Georges Mlis o4.Two Tendencies in Europe.1.Pre-history development-theory of“light and shadow”o1.1.5 BC,China,Mo-tse,-the earliest and most scientific contribution to it.o“光至景亡，若在，尽古息”-墨经Exposition of Canon o1.2.shadow plays,Han Dynasty-Tang and Song Dynastythe very first try and the most p
5、ractical contribution it.oIt was introduced into Europe in 13 AD.o1.3.Kaleidoscope o1816,a Scottish Physician 2.Scientific and physical bases o2.1 Visual Staying Phenomenon(VSP 视觉滞留)/duration of vision o 1829，Belgian physical scientist,Joseph Plateau约瑟夫普拉托,discover the theory of VSP,and it says the
6、duration will be about 0.1 to 0.4 second.o meanwhile,in the physical books and labs in Europe,the theory of Faraday（法拉第轮）(Michael Faraday,English,another physical scientist)and the ThauCmatrope(幻盘)had been applied to the visual study.o 1830s,the appearance of visual toy camera,like“诡盘”(Phnakistiscop
7、e,在镜子里观看的一种锯齿形的圆盘)o Austrians,put slides(幻灯)and motion disks（活动视盘）together to make the motion slides.the early motion pictures.o 1960s,VSP is“psychological recognition”心理认同.o2.2 Photography o 1839,Daguerre,Louis Jacques Mande(路易雅克芒戴达盖尔 French artist),invented camera and his way/theory of photography
8、.o 1872,photographer,Eadweard Muybridge(爱德华幕布里奇),chronophotophraphing 连续拍摄 with the help of the camera.o(http:/ in 1878,the patent right of“using the way and device to shoot the motion objects”(“拍摄活动物体方法及装置”的专利权)o 1882，Marelli马莱(French),invented camera-gun,chronophotophraphing by using of films(软片).
9、o Thomas Edison and his assistant William Dickson,solved certain technical problems.oInvented vidicon 摄像机 o2.3 Screening o 1888，Renault雷诺(French),invented Thatre Optique(光学影戏机)begin to show motion pictures on the screen o 1894,Edison Lab,invented Kinetograph(电影视镜),but only one can enjoy the film.o 1
10、895,striking progress Sep.1895,Thomas Armat(托马斯阿马特)，showed motion pictures in America;Nov.1895,迈克思斯克拉达诺夫斯基,showed films in Germany.o Dec.28 th,1895,Lumiere卢米埃尔,showed a films publicly in Paris.-indicated the completion of screening and also the birth of films.II.Lumiereo1.Why Lumiere did so great ac
11、hievement?Why not Edison,who had contributed a lot to the development of films?oShortcomings of Edison:o(1)his creation still confined himself in the way a photo studio照相馆 did.o(2)the contents of the films were very simple oAchievements of Lumiere:o(1)they moved towards something more open and far-r
12、eaching.o(2)the contents:more complicated.They tried hard to duplicate what was happening in the real life.who is the father of film,oIf you asked American artists,they would say Thomas EdisonoIf French,they would say Lumiere.o2.Themes/contentso(1)working sceneo(2)family life and its sentimento(3)po
13、litics,culture and news o(4)natural scenery and outdoor scene o3.different way of expression and narrative patterns 叙事形式o newsreel 新闻片o documentaryo comedyo chaser 追逐片o travelogue 旅行片oLong shot 长镜头osometimes referred to as a full shot or a wide shot,typically shows the entire object or human figure
14、and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings;however,it is not as far away as an extreme long shot would be.oIt has been suggested that long-shot ranges usually correspond to approximately what would be the distance between the front row of the audience and the stage in l
15、ive theatre.It is now common to refer to a long shot as a“wide shot”because it often requires the use of a wide-angle lens广角镜头.When a long shot is used to set up a location and its participants in film and video,it is called an establishing shot定场镜头.o4.Evaluation oThey had defined the real field of
16、films adequately.For them,novels and dramas were for the soul of human while films showed the dynamic of life,nature and changes within them.Everything motional was within the camera lens of films,which were open to the whole world.III.Georges Mlis o1.Mlis himselfo one of Lumieres audience o as an a
17、dult,he bought a theater to show magic魔术剧.o he bought cine-projector 放映机o he began shooting and imitating Lumiereo 1896,he developed the technology of“stop motion(停机再拍)”o he utilized every techniques into filmso he founded star and producer company,and built a studio with glass ceiling which was the
18、 very first in the film history and also the one every one was imitating.玻璃顶摄影棚o he was the first to shoot films with gorgeous costume and grand scene,which formed his idea of“screen=stage”o2.His 4 narrative styles o magic film 魔术片o rehearsed newsreel 排演的新闻片-the early film to show the function of re
19、currence of the historyo legendary 神话故事片(fairy tales)-full-length play 多幕剧o“Cinderella”:12 sceneso science fiction and adventure 科幻探险片o“A Trip to the Moon”月球旅行记Comparison between Lumiere and Mlis oLumiere o(1)The purpose is not utilizing arts but to recurrence of the life”o(2)Try to catch the curios
20、ity of audience while watchingo(3)It is of true-life and documentary o(4)Re-currencism再现主义:real-life-first o(5)Forerunner of documentary（纪录片）oMliso(1)film creates arts and screen=stage,which can become alive.o(2)fantasy 沉溺于幻想o(3)romantic o(4)expressionism表现主义:technology-first,try to change the real
21、life o(5)forerunner of story films(电影故事片)IV.Two Tendencies in Europe o1.Brighton school 布赖顿学派（England）oBrighton：A borough of southeast England on the English Channel south of London.oThe earliest school of films in the whole world(1).Several photographers,by virtue of Edisons Kinetograph and their e
22、xperience of shooting still things,began to practice films.(2).Claim:to create real life in the out-of-doors.(3).Slogan:I will put the world in front of you!我把世界摆在你的眼前o1.2.Representativeso G A Smith 乔治阿尔培特斯密士,photographer o using close-upsoWhat is close-up?oA photograph or a film or television shot
23、in which the subject is tightly framed and shown at a relatively large scale.o using close-ups and long shots alternatively to break the traditional arrangement of space o using montage（蒙太奇）creativelythe very first usage of this technique in the history of films oWhat is montage?oMontage is a techni
24、que in film editing,a segment which uses rapid editing,special effects and music to present compressed narrative informationo James Williamson 詹姆士威廉逊o shows the first sign of realism in England.o using montage to show two different scenes alternatively,which is regarded as typically feature of chase
25、r and also blazes a way in western.(西部片)o A.Collins 埃斯美柯林斯o further developed chaser with the favor of comedy.o Cecil M.Hepworth希塞尔海普华斯o 1905,“Rescued by Rover”义犬救主记，-the representative film of this school.o1.4.Ferdinand Zecca(French)费迪南齐卡oImitate Brighton school,follow the realism in the films in E
26、ngland and develop it in France.oAchievements:set free French films from Melies modeo1.3.significance-the bud of realism 现实主义的萌芽o2.Artists films Movement艺术电影运动o2.1 background o10 years after the birth of films(1905),cinemas took the place of simple and rude place 集市木棚 while educated and cultivated p
27、eople took the place of ordinary audience.o2.2.Origin oA production company called“Artists Films艺术电影公司”determined to put seriousness towards arts into films as well as great literateur,musician and stage artists to the audience.o2.3 Representative work oAssassinat du duc de Guise/The Assassination o
28、f the Duke de Guise吉斯公爵的被刺oFamous dramatist as the playwright,the one experienced in drama and stage as director,famous actors and excellent musicians and art director.o2.4.some more facts o MaxLinder 麦克斯林戴(French):the very first comedy star in the historyo o 楚科尔(American):famous actors,lay the foundation for Hollywood to become the best.oHollywood:冬青树林o http:/