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1、定语从句专题复习 定语从句的基本知识定语从句的基本知识2023/1/72定语从句复习定语从句复习1.1.定义定义：修饰修饰 限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句。一般翻限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句。一般翻译为译为:“的的”。2.2.先行词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。3.3.位置位置：放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。4.4.关系词关系词：定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，关系词分为关系词分为关系代关系代词词和和关系副词关系副词两类，两类，但关系代词作宾语、表语时可以省去。但关系代词作宾语、表语时可以省去。5
2、.5.关系词之间的区别请看下面两幅图。关系词之间的区别请看下面两幅图。图图:关系代词关系代词 在定语从句中主语在定语从句中主语,宾语宾语,表语和定语表语和定语whowhomwhichthataswhose人人人人物物 人人物物人人物物人人物物主主宾宾表表宾宾主主宾宾表表主主宾宾表表主主宾宾表表定定2023/1/73定语从句复习定语从句复习图图：关系副词关系副词 在定语从句中仅作状语在定语从句中仅作状语when wherewhy时间词时间词 地点词地点词原因词原因词时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语注意：注意：一定要在理解的基础上记忆关系代词和关系副词在定一定要在理解的基础上记忆关
3、系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所作的成分。语从句中所作的成分。what what 不能引导定语从句不能引导定语从句,但能引导名词性从句。但能引导名词性从句。that不可引导非限制性定语从句。不可引导非限制性定语从句。被动语态的谓语动词不需要宾语。被动语态的谓语动词不需要宾语。关系代词关系代词thatthat不能作介词的宾语。不能作介词的宾语。2023/1/74定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句类型定语从句类型定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限
4、制性定语从句非限制性定语从句2023/1/75定语从句复习定语从句复习限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.关系代词关系代词+句子成分句子成分关系副词关系副词+句子句子成分成分 注意事项注意事项:1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成：构成：先行词先行词 之后之后“.的的”关系
5、词关系词2023/1/76定语从句复习定语从句复习Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果2023/1/77定语从句复习定语从句复习2023/1/78定语从句复习定语从句复习先行词和关系词的关系：先行词和关系词的关系：1 1关系词代关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分。替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分。2 2 关系词起引导从句的作用关系词起引导从句的作用A plane is
6、a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副
7、词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词2023/1/79定语从句复习定语从句复习Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系2023/1/710定语从句复习定语从句复习Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machine2023/1/711定语从句复习定语从句复
8、习Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine that/which2023/1/712定语从句复习定语从句复习关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfar
9、m.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.2023/1/713定语从句复习定语从句复习4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Id
10、ontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.2023/1/714定语从句复习定语从句复习Heworkedinafactory.Anaccidenthappenedtheretenyearsbefore.Heworkedinafactoryanaccidenthappenedtheretenyearsbefore.therethereHeworkedinafactoryanaccidenthappenedtenyearsbefore.where关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系2023/1/715定语从句复习定语从句复习关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先
11、行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that=in which关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词2023/1/716定语从句复习定语从句复习1.I
12、llneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.when/inwhich(Whichthat)where/inwhich几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词2023/1/717定语从句复习定语从句复习4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_he
13、gave.Whichthatwhy/for whichthat/which2023/1/718定语从句复习定语从句复习难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格2
14、023/1/719定语从句复习定语从句复习难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken2023/1/720定语从句复习定语从句复习as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导
15、的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as
16、,2023/1/721定语从句复习定语从句复习as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(1)This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。2023/1/722定语从句复习定语从句复习as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a
17、book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)This is an interesting book _ we all
18、 like.(thatwhich)2023/1/723定语从句复习定语从句复习1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatth
19、egate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat2023/1/724定语从句复习定语从句复习that,which,whose,whomorwho?9.Isthereanythingelse_ youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_ hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_ madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infro
20、ntof_ sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_ motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose2023/1/725定语从句复习定语从句复习当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时,如如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等等只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2023/1/726定语从句复习定语从句复习当先行词被当先行词被the only,th
21、e very,the last,little,few,no,any等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2023/1/727定语从句复习定语从句复习 当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行词时只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2023/1/728定语从句复习定语从句复习 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2023/1/729定语从句复习定语从句复习 在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况
22、做关系代词的情况2023/1/730定语从句复习定语从句复习 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2023/1/731定语从句复习定语从句复习 在介词后面在介词后面只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2023/1/732定语从句复习定语从句复习 定语从句中的重点定语从句中的重点,难点难点,易混点和高考中的考点易混点和高考中的考点1.as 与与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别:2.as 与与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时,它们的先行词都它们的先行词都可以是
23、整个句子可以是整个句子,3.区别区别 在于在于:4.as 引导的从句位置灵活引导的从句位置灵活,可以放在主句的前可以放在主句的前,中和后中和后,而而 which 引导的从句只引导的从句只 5.能放在主句之后能放在主句之后.6.as 常被译为常被译为“正如正如 ”,而而 which 常被译为常被译为“这这一点一点这这”2023/1/733定语从句复习定语从句复习 Taiwan is part of China,as is known to all.Mary didnt pass the driving test,which made her very sad.注意注意:as 常用于以下结构常用于
24、以下结构:as+主语主语+see know expect imagine suppose.as be seen known expected imagined supposed.as often happens.as has been said before.as is often the case.2023/1/734定语从句复习定语从句复习(1).The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employed more people to keep it running,_ meant spending t
25、ens of thousands of pounds.A.who B.that C.as D.which(2)._ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As (江苏 DD高 考 衔 接2023/1/735定语从句复习定语从句复习 定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别:that 在引导定语从句时在引导定语从句时,代先行词并且在从句中作成分代先行词并且在从句中作成分,作宾语作宾语和表语时可以和表语时可以 省略省略,而引导同位语从句的而引导同位语从句的 tha
26、t 在从句中不作任何成分在从句中不作任何成分,无词义无词义,且不能省略。且不能省略。what 不引导定语从句不引导定语从句,但引导同位语从句但引导同位语从句,在从句中作主语在从句中作主语,宾宾语语,表语和表语和 定语定语,不可省略不可省略.This is the suggestion that he put forward.()He gave me a suggestion that we should start at 5 oclock.()定语从句同位语从句 -Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the stor
27、y,believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.noneB2023/1/736定语从句复习定语从句复习 几个特殊先行词后的定语从句几个特殊先行词后的定语从句:reason 为先行词时为先行词时,如果定语从句中缺少状语如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用则用 why 引导引导,如果缺少主如果缺少主 语语宾语宾语表语表语,则用则用thatwhich 引导。引导。the way 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用thatin which 引导引导,也可以省略也可
28、以省略,如果如果 缺少主语缺少主语宾语宾语表语表语,则用则用thatwhich 引导。引导。situation case point spot scene 为先行词时为先行词时,如果定语从句如果定语从句中缺少状语中缺少状语,则用则用 where 引导。引导。occasion 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用 when 引导。引导。This is the reason that which he gave.We may be trapped in such a situation where we have no one to turn to.20
29、23/1/737定语从句复习定语从句复习(5).Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when D(1).-Do you have anything to say for yourselves?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.A.why B.where C.how D.D高 考 衔 接2023/1/738定语从句复习定语从句复习(6).Great changes have taken place
30、in that school.It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago,_ it was so poorly equipped.A.what;when B.that;which C.what;which D.which;that(7).-Where did you get to know her?-It was on the farm _ we worked.A.that B.there C.which D.whereAD高 考 衔 接 定语从句与强调句型及其它复合句的结合定语从句与强调句型及其它复合句的结合It is John who runs a webs
31、ite where he encourages people to protect the environment.The village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what is now part of Hubei Province.2023/1/739定语从句复习定语从句复习非限制性定语从句和并列句非限制性定语从句和并列句2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He h
32、as two sons,both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.6.He has two sons;both of _ are teachers.7.He has two sons,and both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichthemwhom that1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.whichthemthem2023/1/740定语从句复习定语从句复习Exercises(1).Jim passed the d
33、riving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B.that C.this D.it(2).We will be shown around the city:school,museums,and some other places,_ other visitors seldom go.A.what B.which C.where D.when (3).I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions
34、but couldnt write a good essay.A.why B.which C.as D.where(4).The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.which,where B.at which,which C.at which;where D.which;in which (5).Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _ effects t
35、he people are still suffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.whatACDCB2023/1/741定语从句复习定语从句复习1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.China
36、hasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习2023/1/742定语从句复习定语从句复习