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1、一、定语从句的一些基本概念一、定语从句的一些基本概念1、什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？2、先行词、先行词 3、关系词、关系词在句中有三个作用：在句中有三个作用：1、引导从句、引导从句2、代替先行词、代替先行词3、在句中充当一个成分、在句中充当一个成分定语从句：定语从句：限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 .非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句.,I did nothing that surprised my boss.I did nothing,which surprised my boss.主语主语 人：宾语人：宾语 先行词先行词 定语定语 主语：主语：物：物：宾语：宾语：定语：定语：时间时间:状语
2、状语 地点地点:原因原因:who;that(who;that;whom)whose;of whom that;which (that;which)whose;of which when;介词介词+which where;介词介词+which why;for which 如何选择？如何选择？分析成分是关键分析成分是关键!Ill never forget the days _ we stayed together._ we spent together._ we spent the summer holiday togetherThe reason _ he was absent was that
3、 he was ill.The reason _ he gave for not coming was true.when/in which (that/which)when/in which why/for which (that/which)He was absent;that is _ he was ill.He was ill;that is _ he was absent.becausewhy Is this the zoo _ theyll visit?Is this zoo _ theyll visit?Is this zoo _ theyll visit the tiger?(
4、that/which)the one(that)/what the one where/whereIsthistheplace_hewasborn?Isthisplace_hewasborn?Isthisplace_hewasbornin.where/in whichthe one where/where the one that We live in a house,_ door is broken.,the door_ is broken.,of which_ door is broken.whose of which theThis is the man,_ son is a famou
5、s writer.This is the man,the son _ is a famous writer.whose of whom1.that,which,as2.way的考查的考查3.time的考查的考查4.介词介词+关系词关系词5.对对where的考查的考查6.各种从句相区分各种从句相区分1 、that与与 which,who,的区别的区别1 1、只用、只用、只用、只用which,which,不用不用不用不用thatthat的情况（先行词指物）的情况（先行词指物）的情况（先行词指物）的情况（先行词指物）1 1）在介词后只能用在介词后只能用在介词后只能用在介词后只能用which.whic
6、h.2 2）在非限制性定语从句中，只用在非限制性定语从句中，只用在非限制性定语从句中，只用在非限制性定语从句中，只用which.which.3 3）先行词是先行词是先行词是先行词是thatthat，常用常用常用常用whichwhich以避免重复。以避免重复。以避免重复。以避免重复。2 2、只用、只用、只用、只用thatthat不用不用不用不用whichwhich的情况的情况的情况的情况1)1)当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,none,all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing
7、,everything,something;anything,nothing,everything,something;2)2)当先行词被当先行词被当先行词被当先行词被all,little,few,much,some,any,no,everyall,little,few,much,some,any,no,every等修饰时等修饰时等修饰时等修饰时;3)3)当先行词被最高级、序数词以及当先行词被最高级、序数词以及当先行词被最高级、序数词以及当先行词被最高级、序数词以及thevery,theonlythevery,theonlythelastthelast等修饰时。等修饰时。等修饰时。等修饰时。4
8、)4)当主句是以当主句是以当主句是以当主句是以which/whowhich/who开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。5)5)当先行词在从句中做表语。当先行词在从句中做表语。当先行词在从句中做表语。当先行词在从句中做表语。6)6)当先行词由指人、指物的两个并列的名词构成时。当先行词由指人、指物的两个并列的名词构成时。当先行词由指人、指物的两个并列的名词构成时。当先行词由指人、指物的两个并列的名词构成时。1.The pen with _ I did my homework just 1.The pen with _ I did my homework
9、just now is not here now.now is not here now.2.I have lost the pen,_ I like very much.2.I have lost the pen,_ I like very much.3.He has found that _ he was looking for.3.He has found that _ he was looking for.4.He told us everything _ he saw in London.4.He told us everything _ he saw in London.5.Thi
10、s is the first play _ I have seen since I 5.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.came here.6.There is little work _ you can do.6.There is little work _ you can do.7.They talked about the men and the things _ 7.They talked about the men and the things _ they saw.they saw.8.This is t
11、he very book _ I want to buy.8.This is the very book _ I want to buy.9.Which is the hotel _he stayed at last night?9.Which is the hotel _he stayed at last night?10.China isnt the country _ it was.10.China isnt the country _ it was.whichwhichwhichthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1.that与与 which的区别的区别2.Tom
12、failed in the exam again,_,of course,let his parents down._ often happens,he is late again.which As思思路路?整个句子作先行词：整个句子作先行词：as:“正如正如”(可前可后可前可后)which:“这件事，这一点这件事，这一点”(后后)asisshowninthereport,aswehadexpected,asisoftenthecase,asismentionedabove,asoftenhappens,.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethan
13、wecouldexpect.which 3.such/so.as thatHe is so lovely a boy _ we all like him._ we all like.Choose such books _ interest you.句子完整：句子完整：that (结果状语从句结果状语从句)句子不完整：句子不完整：as(定语从句定语从句)that as as思思路路?This is so touching a story _I have read three times.This is so touching a story _ I have read it three time
14、s.as that4.the same as that This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.that.思思路路?the same as:同一类同一类 the same that:同一个同一个Mrs.Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A.the same;as B.the same;where C.the same;that D.as the same;asMy hometown is no longer the same(the place)_ it
15、 was.is no longer the place _ it was.is no longer _ it was.This book is not such _ I expect.as that what as5.way作先行词作先行词Theway_heexplainedthesentencetouswassimple.Theway_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/inwhich/不填不填that/which/不填不填思思路路?不缺主语宾语不缺主语宾语:that/inwhich/(从句中作状语）从句中作状语）缺少主语宾语缺少主语宾语:that/whic
16、h/Idontliketheway_hespeaks.Thisistheway_Ithoughtoftosolvetheproblem.6.timeThisisthe6thtime_hehasbeenabsentfromclass.Itwasatime_womenwerelookeddownupon.(that)when思路思路?time:次数次数:(that)时期：时期：whenDont stop every time you come to a new word.(every time 引导的时间状语从句）引导的时间状语从句）7.介词在前介词在前Thisistheroom_Iwasborn
17、in.Thisistheroomin_Iwasborn.Thepen_whichIwriteisgone.Theroomof_thedoorisbrokenisours.Heisthemanfrom_Ilearnedalot.Doyouknowthebossin_factoryJackworks?There are lots of books here,none of which is mine.I bought some books from the bookstore,five of which were English novels.She has six children,the cl
18、everest of whom is John.(that/which)which with whom which whose介词介词+which/whom/whose介词介词介词介词+关系代词练习关系代词练习关系代词练习关系代词练习1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_2.shecouldturnforhelp.shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomA.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom2
19、.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter2.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm,_manypeoplehavegonehome.5:30pm,_manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatA.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtimeC.onwhichD.bywhichtimeDD3.The prize _ youve competed is$1,000.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.forwhichD.byw
20、hich4.The speed _ light travels is the maximum in the universe.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.atwhich DC5.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which6.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich
21、C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhoseDB8.The old Olympic Games _ the modern games came began around the year776BC in Greece.(Unit5,BookI)A.fromwhichB.thatC.withwhichD.bywhich7.Fortunatelywehadamap,_wewouldhavegotlost.A.withoutwhichB.bywhichC.withwhichD.whatAA9.It may be rain,_ case the match will be put off.A
22、.in which B.in that B.c.of which D.on which10.He stood at the window,from where he could see what was happening.in which caseA介词介词+which/whom+to doHe has no house in which he can live.=He has no house to live in.=He has no house in which to live.The beggar has no money with which he can buy food.=Th
23、e beggar has no money to buy food with.=The beggar has no money with which to buy food.8.where1).Wellstayatthehotel_heworks.2).Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.3).Ivecometothepoint_Icantstandhim.where where where思路思路?1).地点地点2).situation/condition/case/scene/
24、point/stage +where:在某种情况在某种情况/境地中境地中;到了某种地步到了某种地步-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD./(06江西江西)1.定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句2.It was at 5 oclock _ he arrived home.3.It was 5 oclock _ he arrived home.4.It was in this bookstore _ I met your sister.It was in thi
25、s hospital _ my mother works _ I was born.that when that思路思路?去掉去掉it was/isthat仍然成立的为强调句仍然成立的为强调句 where that2.定语从句名词性从句定语从句名词性从句The news _ I heard was sad.The news _ he died was sad.定语从句与同位语：先行词放到从句中：放不进的定语从句与同位语：先行词放到从句中：放不进的为同位语从句；放得进的为定语从句为同位语从句；放得进的为定语从句._ is known to us all,the earth travels aro
26、und the sun.It is known to us all _ the earth._ the earth travels is known to us all._ is known to us all is _ the earth.We all know _ the earth.(that/which)As that What that (that)that ThatThe problem _he raised was solved.We must face the problem _ we have no money._ we need is time.All _ we need
27、is time.China is no longer _ it used to be.China is no longer the country _ it used to be.(that/which)thatWhat that what that 3.定语从句与状语从句：定语从句与状语从句：When you read the book,youd better make a mark _ you have any question.When you read the book,youd better make a mark in the place _ you have where wher
28、e思路思路?定语从句：有先行词定语从句：有先行词 状语从句：直接充当状语状语从句：直接充当状语 1.判断是否为定语从句判断是否为定语从句1).She has 2 sons,both of _ are teachers.,and both of _ are.;both of _ are.sons.Both of _ are.,both of _ teachers.2).Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but _ didnt help.A.which B.he C.it D.she whom them them the
29、m them 2.注意谓语动词的单复数注意谓语动词的单复数1).I,who _ your friend,will help you.2).He is one of the students who _ hard.He is the only one of._ hard.3).The sun gives off light and heat,which _ it possible for the plants to grow.4).That practice makes perfect _ known to us all.am makes study studies is3.问什么答什么问什么答
30、什么1).-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_hestayed.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when2).-WhatmadeMarysosad?-_.A.BecauseshewasscoldedbyherteacherB.ScoldedbyherteacherC.ShewasscoldedbyherteacherD.Thatshewasscoldedbyherteacher 1.God help those _ help themselves.2.2.All _ glitters is not gold.3._ there
31、is a will,there is a way.4.You never know _ you can do till you try.5.All things are difficult _ they are easy.6.Dont count your chickens _ they are hatched.who that Where what before before1.Tomismybestfriend.Heiseasy-going.2.Tom,whoismybestfriend,iseasy-going.2.Shewonthefirstprizeinthematch.Itmade
32、herparentshappy.Shewonthefirstprizeinthematch,whichmadeherparentshappy.ItmadeherparentshappythatsheWhatmadeherparentshappywasthat 高考从句的考查高考从句的考查:定语从句：定语从句：1.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_ he studied hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.2.A.during which time3.B.
33、for which time4.C.during whose time5.D.by that time 2.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction _ she had come.A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which3.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree
34、_ they can be controlled on purpose.A.with which B.to which C.of which D.for which 4.They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two or three days.A.where B.thereC.which D.when 名词性从句：名词性从句：1.The old ladys hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctors _ this shaking had begun half a year
35、 before,and _,only because of this,she had been forced to give up her job.2.A.when;how B.how;when3.C.how;how D.why;why 4.2.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.5.A.why B.that C.where D.because 3.People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.A.that B.which C.what D.how