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1、考研强化写作（英语一）周思成Brief introductionATimeContentPartB35m15m图画作文信函类、提醒类2010PointsModel2009 Part A Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions.“White pollution”is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s)of your local newspaper to1)give your opinions
2、 briefly,and2)make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.Do not need to write the address.2008 Part B Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you s
3、hould1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.1.Objective120220数行数！3.Number阅读之后做8+162.Order4.Error Correction一笔划掉，旁边勘正4、Calligraphy矮胖，饱满，不要太连Scoring Criteria P.200A.不露点小作文按提纲顺序写大作文图画描述很重要！P.239B.Varied Vocabu
4、lary&Syntactic Variety词汇多变化、多同义替换图画cartoonphotoportrayalillustrationcaricature描绘、展示illustrateportraydisplayrevealdepictreflectdemonstrate句型多变基础：短语的变化短语：attach great/adequate importance toattach importance to词：vital critical essentialcrucial indispensable“重要”的表达lay emphasis onplay a role inplay a key
5、/dominant role inThe portrayal demonstrates that the cooperation plays a progressively dominant role in the contemporary society.2.攻受互换“认为”的表达：单词：maintain deem contend短语：point out be convinced thatmake the point thatMany people contend that the globalization is an inevitable tendency,which is benefi
6、cial for the mutual prosperity.（宾语从句）It is contended that.The globalization,it is contended,is an.主被动互换 变被动语态 变插入语C.少错误常见错误七宗罪一.We can deduce from illustration above that cartoonist is trying to attract attention to issue of cooperation.一.名词裸奔特指、专有、有修饰的名词前要有冠词athe或者所有格our/its/my/their.We can deduce
7、from illustration above that cartoonist is trying to attract attention to issue of cooperation.thetheourthe二.The caption（提示语）indicate,“You have only one leg and so do I.By sticking together,however,can we go anywhere we want.二.主谓不一致a.总忘加第三人称单数b.从句不注意先行词的单复数c.介词结构的名词搞不清谁是主语According to a survey condu
8、cted among a group of young people who were in the same class years ago,no one who have difficulty in cooperating with their colleagues become executive or boss.,no one who has difficulty in cooperating with his or her colleagues becomes an executive or a boss.The cooperation with colleagues,partner
9、s,even competitors are extremely important for us.A名词+介词+B名词，要以A来定谓语形式of,with,from,to,.三.I have to quit my job because my parents told me that they will buy me an apartment if I will work in my hometown.三.时态混乱时态en完成进行完成进行过去一般过去将来将来现在bedoinghavewould用中文拼出时态!a.什么叫谓语动词+它应有的形态变化语态+时态If she doesnt go wit
10、h me,I will be devastated.b.主从句的时态在时间上要保持一致，状态可异He said that he had failed last year but would make every effort to win this time.c.最常用的时态一般现在am/is/are/do/does一般过去will do现在完成进行have/has been doinghave/has donewas/were/didbe doing现在完成现在进行一般将来The behaviors of mankind have been causing severe harm and p
11、ollution to the nature,which is overburdened and will collapse（崩溃）if we do not rectify（纠正）our faults and misdeeds immediately and thoroughly（彻底的）.四.菊花残句或肿菊句无谓语或者谓语太多In the daytime,many students doing experiment in the library,so they have no time come to the library.一个简单句成分中有且只有一个动词的一般形式（do/did/will
12、 do/would do）做谓语。若没有，则要有；若超过一个，则第二+个要变成非谓语形式（to do/doing/done）Most of books out of date,so would you please buying more new books add to the collection?Most of books are out of date,so would you please buy more new books to add to the collection?五.Modern people,especially the younger generation,lay
13、more stress on earning money,the neglect of the elders become common to see.五.无逻辑！英文的逻辑是通过连词和副词来体现的！中文的逻辑是用脑袋意淫出来的！a.逗号前后都是完整的句子的话，其中一句（常是后句）必须要有连词！并列连词并列 and转折 but while选择 or 从属连词，连接主从句表示两者之间的关系状语；定语；同位语。b.打句号的两句之间，常常要有副词来表示逻辑The competition has become increasingly fierce.The complicated and challe
14、nging work can hardly finished by each individual.People in growing number are seeking cooperation from others,such as their colleagues,partners,even competitors.Hence,.In fact.最常出现的逻辑关系并列：and Meanwhile,On the one hand,on the other hand,递进：Moreover,Further,Besides,因果：Hence,Therefore,Consequently,Acc
15、ordingly,Thus,转折：However,Yet,Conversely,On the contrary,In fact,六.词性纠结We could not built a society of harmonious without cooperate with each other.情态动词后都用动词原形介词后面要接名词或者动名词We are unlikely to build a society of harmony without cooperating with each other.七.小错误们1.比较级不要只会加more2.分词不要只会接-ed3.变性手术分不清he/she
16、/his/herD.重逻辑要有起承转合连词和副词的运用E.格式正确、语域得体格式：缩进式 段首空格、段间不空行语域：偏正式 不缩写、简写、过于口语、俚语In the cartoon,two guys abso-fucking-lutely wanna work together to make it better.P.246 范文描述图表（7分）2000：商业捕鱼发展史2001爱心是一盏灯2002：美国女孩穿着中国民族服装2003：温室花朵经不起风雨2004：终点也是新起点2005：养老足球赛2006：把崇拜写在脸上2007：对手眼中的自己2008年：合作2009年：网络的远与近2010：文化
17、的火锅2011：旅途之余2012：心态的好与坏A.分类数量一图双人题双图题单图题00、03、0601、02、04、08、09、10、1105、07、12主体人非人非人却拟人02、04、05、06、07、08、09、11、1200、10、01、03话题社会现象个人心理00、02、05、06、09、10、1101、03、04、07、08、12跟体育有关的图画常出现不会考时政特别明显的题目模版、规律强，不需预测单图题首段思路：(3-4句）1、引入句+图中主要信息2、次要信息和细节描写3、提示信息的翻译（如果有）主要信息：人或主体+动作次要信息表情、环境、主体周边物体细节跟主体有关的具体的事、物、数量
18、、中文提示A.引入句的写法直白型1.As is graphically/explicitly/satirically2.depicted/revealed/demonstrated3.in the portrayal/illustration/caricature,主体+动作As is explicitly depicted in the portrayal,two handicapped men,each of whom has only one leg,are supporting each other and walking normally and rapidly.1.Graphica
19、lly/Symbolically/Satirically2.depicted/revealed/demonstrated3.in the portrayal/caricature/illustration4.is/are sth./sb,which/who+动作翻江倒海型Graphically depicted in the caricature is an American girl,who is dressed in an amazingly exquisite traditional Chinese costume.文豪型1.The portrayal,2.vivid and expli
20、cit,symbolic and metaphoric,satiric and ironic,3.unfolds a scene to us,in which 主体+动作The portrayal,symbolic and metaphoric,unfolds a scene to us,in which an oil lamp,with a pleasant smile rather than a normal flame,is burning brightly.主体+动作的描述方式1.sb./sth,with.in.,is doing sth.a young boy,with a conf
21、ident smile in his face,is rushing towards the finishing line.2.sb./sth,who/which.,is doingThe caricature,ironic and satiric,unfolds a scene to us,in which four young men,who act as goal-keepers,are kicking a ball,which symbolizes their old father.常见表情、情绪喜：smile,laugh,怒：angry,irate,indignant,furious
22、,哀：miserable(misery);depressed(depression);agony 说：say,cry,sigh,remark皱眉:frown(vi.)看：“.”,sb.remarks.Sb.remarks that.stare at;glance at;glare at带细节的情绪a miserable expressioncry loudlysigh in despairlook at sb.with indifference/contemptB.细节句的写法(第二句话的写法）细节很清楚、丰富时，例举描写。Under scrutiny,we can see that 主体旁边
23、的细节，including A,B,and C(C是一个对细节的概括总结）.Under scrutiny,we can see that that girl wears many accessories,including a pair of long earrings,a peal necklace,and other decorating things,which are also characteristic of Chinese feature.Under scrutiny,we can see that the lake has already been covered by var
24、ious litters,including used bottles of beverages,discarded boxes of instant noodles,fruit peels,fish bones,and other dirty junks.主体有次要动作时描写该次要动作。V-ing/V-ed+细节1，主体+细节二Perspiring heavily,he demonstrates no intention of having rest but volition of continuing the new lap of race.可改成：主语，动作一ing，动作二He,pers
25、piring heavily,demonstrates.The old father,just kicked away by his eldest son,is rolling on the court,and his daughter,stretching her arms widely,is ready to protect against the intrusion of the“ball”.和主体有明显位置关系的细节和环境位置+主题+is/are+细节+展开细节Under/Above/Around+主体+is/are.,whichUnder the young man is a fin
26、ishing line,which is also marked as the starting line.Around the oil lamp is the darkness,which makes the light of the lamp brighter.Behind these two handicapped men are two crutches,which used to sustain them to stand and walk.C.一段最后一句：字幕翻译或者大意总结直白字幕：The caption below the portrayal reads,“.”.含蓄字幕：T
27、he caption below the portrayal indicates that.The caption below the portrayal reads,“You have only one leg and so do I,but we still can walk anywhere when we support each other.”The caption below the portrayal indicates that the Internet has not only brought us closer but also alienated us from each
28、 other.无字幕，则总结图的大意，但不用引申Apparently/Undoutedly,it is A that.We are informed that.如已有三句，题目又无字母，可以不总结。Apparently,it is her fondness of Chinese culture that adds to her charm and beauty.Undoubtedly,it is the diverse ingredients that make the cultural“hot pot”not only delicate but also nutritious.We are
29、informed that we ourselves oftentimes exaggerate the difficulties confronting us.Under scrutiny,we can see that that girl wears many accessories,including a pair of long earrings,a peal necklace,and other decorating things,which are also characteristic of Chinese feature.Graphically depicted in the
30、caricature is an American girl,who is dressed in an amazingly exquisite traditional Chinese costume.Apparently,it is her fondness of Chinese culture that adds to her charm and beauty.单图题分清主次、动作全面、细节到位、字幕总结不要去推深层含义！要就图说事儿！双图题（一图双主体题）1.描述图在说的一个场景、事件2.分别描写两图、两主体、两个时间的细节。突出对比或变化3.字幕翻译或者图表面信息的总结Version A
31、The caricature(s),subtle and vivid,depicta.a scene where.b.the dramatic change/difference concerning.c.two people,who.The caricatures,subtle and vivid,depict the drastic change concerning the commercial fishing in the 20th century.Graphically depicted in the portray are two athletes who are in a foo
32、tball match.As is conspicuously demonstrated in the set of photos above,two young man exhibit strong passion for David Beckham,who is one of the most prominent football star in the world.Version B 文豪版Upon seeing the set of caricatures above,what arrest my attention most is the./that.Upon seeing the
33、set of caricatures above,what arrest my attention most is the drastic distinction of peoples attitude and reaction when in front of the same circumstance.2.分别描写两幅图、两个主体、或者两个时间点的情况。In the left photo is a person who.,while in the right one,a man.The man on the left.,while the man on the right.In the l
34、eft is a person who wrote the name of Beckham on his face and smiled with pride,while in the right one,another young man,who was reading a sports magazine,spent 300 RMB on a haircut that resembles that of Beckham.时间变化型In 时间A，there was.;however,in 时间B，.On 1990,there was only on boat fishing on the se
35、a which abounded with fish;however,on 1995,compared with the dramatic ascent of the number of commercial boats,only one fish survived the commercial fishing.第三句 字幕翻译或者总结现象、变化变化总结句型时间段+witnessed/saw a+趋势、变化Apparently,the last century witnessed a dramatic change in commercial fishing industry.We are i
36、nformed that people more often than not exaggerate the difficulties of challenges confronting them.Undoubtedly,they are representative of numerous young people who worship idols in a unreasonable and irrational way.“There are still some!”,the man on the right remarked with satisfaction,rushing to ge
37、t the bottle up,while the left man sighed in despair:“It is all over!”Vividly depicted in the caricature are two man,in front of whom are a bottle,whose water splashed all over the floor.Apparently,peoples behaviors and reactions differ dramatically even when confronted with the same occasion.第二段 深层
38、含义阐释段描述、寓意、分析、评论1.图画的目的是什么反映出的问题（-）、想提倡的观念（+）、想折射的矛盾（|）2.展开社会现实、举例（有时第三段）、数据支撑、正反论证、因果、假设、寓意阐述6-7句A.目的句的写法The illustrator,who might be a _,conspicuously intends to draw our attention to the issue of _.a.“作者现身”法Apparently,the cartoonist endeavors to arouse our awareness of _by his drawing.The illustr
39、ator,who might be a enthusiastic environmental protector,conspicuously intends to draw our attention to the issue of severe pollution and all-pervasive contamination.Apparently,the cartoonist endeavors to arouse our awareness of environmental protection by his drawing.The illustrator,who might be an
40、 advocate for the fusion of multi-cultures,conspicuously intends to draw our attention to the issue of how to blend local culture with international ones.Apparently,the photographer endeavors to convey the message that even the local and national culture can become international and fashionable in t
41、he context of globalization.不能死套模板，要灵活灵活来自于见识、积累和操作b.以图传情法Apparently,the purpose of the caricature is to reveal the fact that _Simple as the drawing seems,it transmits a thought-provoking message that_.The purpose of the caricature is to reveal the fact that the unrestricted commercial activities ha
42、ve been exerting tremendous negative effects on the nature.深层含义不能只就图论事，要化成大类The purpose of the caricature is to reveal the fact that the neglect and the mistreatment of the elders have become far from rare in our so-called civilized society.适合较直白的题目Simple as the drawing seems,it transmits a thought-
43、provoking message that in order to survive and thrive in this competitive world,we should never stop making progress even when we reach a goal set up before.Simple as the drawing seems,it transmits a thought-provoking message that like the light in the darkness,our love and care can ignite this cold
44、 and realistic world.适合较抽象的题目！c.暗潮涌动法After further reflection,we can deduce that the cartoonist attempts to convey a paradoxical message that _The fact _ indicates that _,which is far from rare(pervasive and prevalent)in the contemporary society.After further reflection,we can deduce that the cartoo
45、nist attempts to convey a paradoxical message that the Internet has brought both merits and demerits in various aspects of our life.The fact that these two young man worship Beckham proudly but crazily indicates that numerous young people chase their idols in an unreasonable or even absurd way,which
46、 is pervasive and prevalent in the contemporary society.The fact that every individual is imperfect indicates that cooperation plays a key role in surviving this competitive society.灵活地加减模板。展开句的写法a.社会背景、现实描述法1.“随着”。“怎么样”。With the quickening pace of the modern society,an increasing number of people.W
47、ith our society quickening its pace of development,people in mounting numbers.With the process of globalization quickening its pace,people in mounting numbers realize that the cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained so that the whole human society can be better inspired.With the proces
48、s of both industrialization and civilization accelerating their paces,people in mounting numbers ignore the environmental protection,which is the foundation and the symbol of the humanity.,people in mounting numbers have been falling victims to.2.那些年我们发生的变化The past several years have witnessed a dra
49、matic change of _Surely there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have been changed more dramatically than did they in the past few years.Surely,with the advent and advancement of the Internet,there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have been changed
50、 more dramatically.It is undeniable that with the ever increasing complexity and pressure of modern society,there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have been changed more dramatically.+两个具体的现实或变化On the one hand,.On the other hand,.On the one hand,the wealth possessed by us