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1、什么是人际关系和人际沟通第1页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四what kinds of outline are the most important in the chapter?RoleRelationshipPatterns2第2页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四BasicConceptsDefinitionsRelatedTermsPersonalInterpretationsofRoleSocietalInterpretationsRoleEffectsofAlterationinRolePerformanceonOthersOUTLINEOUTLINEp.108RoleRe
2、lationshipPatterns3第3页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四ApplicationsProfessionalNurseRoleTypesofProfessionalRolesRoleSocializationRoleStressSelf-awarenessintheProfessionalRoleOUTLINEOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns4第4页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四ClientRolePatientsBillofRightsRolePerformanceasaNursingDiagnosisSupportiveIn
3、terventionsDevelopingNewSolutionsSummaryOUTLINEOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns5第5页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四What are the objectives of learning or studying in our lesson?RoleRelationshipPatterns6第6页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四At the end of the chapter,the student will be able to 1.Defineroleandroleperformance2.D
4、escribethefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization3.Discusstheprofessionalrolesofthenurse4.Discussthecharacteristicsofthesickrole ObjectivesObjectivesp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns7第7页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveOne:Defineroleandroleperformance8第8页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Whatisr
5、ole?Aroleisdefinedasasetofexpectedbehavioralstandardsestablishedbythesocietyorcommunitytowhichapersonbelongs(Creasia,1991).Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns9第9页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Whatisrolerelationship?Rolerelationshipsinfluencecommunicationcontentandprocess.Consideryourownrole”asanursings
6、tudentandhowitinfluencescommunicationcontentandprocess.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns10第10页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四 什么是人际关系和人际沟通？什么是人际关系和人际沟通？人际关系人际关系人际关系是人们通过交流与相互作用而人际关系是人们通过交流与相互作用而形成的形成的比较稳定的心理关系比较稳定的心理关系，反映着个体或群体，反映着个体或群体满足其满足其社会需要的心理状态社会需要的心理状态，其发展变化取决于双方社会需要，其发展变化取决于双方社会需要的满足程度。人际关系外延
7、很广，包括朋友关系、夫的满足程度。人际关系外延很广，包括朋友关系、夫妻关系、师生关系、同学关系、同事关系等。内涵是妻关系、师生关系、同学关系、同事关系等。内涵是个体之间的心理上的关系，表现为亲近或疏远、敌对个体之间的心理上的关系，表现为亲近或疏远、敌对或友好等或友好等心理上的距离心理上的距离。p.310 p.310 RoleRelationshipPatterns11第11页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四 什么是人际关系和人际沟通？什么是人际关系和人际沟通？人际沟通人际沟通人际沟通是指人际间的人际沟通是指人际间的信息交流信息交流。可以。可以是面对面的，也可以是非面对面的，可以是语言的，是
8、面对面的，也可以是非面对面的，可以是语言的，也可以是非语言的，旨在传达思想、交换意见、表达也可以是非语言的，旨在传达思想、交换意见、表达感情和需要等。感情和需要等。它它包括关系沟通与内容沟通包括关系沟通与内容沟通，即每个沟通都包含着一，即每个沟通都包含着一定的内容和确定一定的关系。内容是指沟通中所传信息的定的内容和确定一定的关系。内容是指沟通中所传信息的实质含义，关系是指沟通各方在沟通中所处的地位和联系实质含义，关系是指沟通各方在沟通中所处的地位和联系方式。方式。p.303 p.310RoleRelationshipPatterns12第12页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四你能举例说明人
9、际关系沟通和内容沟通之间的联系吗？你能举例说明人际关系沟通和内容沟通之间的联系吗？护士：护士：“昨晚我给昨晚我给xx xx（患者）的药为什么没吃？（患者）的药为什么没吃？护患关系护患关系 内容沟通效果内容沟通效果很熟悉很熟悉 成功成功一般一般 有心理距离但可能成功有心理距离但可能成功紧张紧张 很难有效，很难有效，患者家属可能说患者家属可能说“我怎么知道？我怎么知道？没吃药到底是谁的责任。没吃药到底是谁的责任。”RoleRelationshipPatterns13第13页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Whatisroleperformance?Roleperformancerefersto
10、apersonscapacitytofunctioninaccordwithsocialexpectationsofaparticularrole.Perceptionsofbehavioralstandardsforroleperformancedifferfrombasedoncultural,gender,institutional,andfamilyexpectations;Peoplestillexpectdifferentrolebehaviorsfrommenandwomendespitetremendousadvancesinequalopportunity.Definitio
11、nsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns14第14页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Roletransitiondescribeschangesinroleexpectationsthatoccurasdevelopmentallifecrisesorwhenunexpectedlifeeventssuchasillnessorinjuryalterrolefunction.Forexample,newmotherexperiencesasignificantroletransitionwiththebirthofherfirstchild,asdoesayo
12、ungathletestruckdowninaballgamewithaspinalcordinjury.Whatisroletransition?Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns15第15页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Whatisposition?Positionrepresentsastandardizeddescriptionofaroleandassociatedexpectationsthatmakesitunderstandabletoothersinthecommunityorgroup.Socialposition
13、relatestothestatusandidentitythepersonholdsinthecommunity.Theconceptofpositionsometimesplaysaroleinhowhelpingprofessionalsrespondtoclients:they sometimes treat clients in high positions differently than those with no money or low social status.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns16第16页，共65页，
14、编辑于2022年，星期四Whereasitisimportantforthenursetorecognizedifferencesinpositionasrelevantfactorsinsupportingclientintegrityandself-esteem,nursesneedtoviewallclientsasveryimportantpersons,treatingthemallwiththesamerespectandgivingthemallqualitycareregardlessofposition.Definitionsp.109-110Whatisposition?R
15、oleRelationshipPatterns17第17页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveTwo:Describethefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization18第18页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Unlikeotherformsofeducation,thenursingstudentmustsimultaneously(同时地)adjusttolearningnewmaterialwhilestartingonthejobtraininginwhichthest
16、akes(风险)arehigh.Cohenidentifiedfourgoalsofprofessionalsocialization(seeBox6-4).Whichisthefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization?ProfessionalNurseRolep.114-115RoleRelationshipPatterns19第19页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Box6-4.StepsintheSocializationProcessLearnthetechnologyoftheprofession:thefacts,skills,
17、andtheory.Internalize(使内在化)theprofessionalcultureFindapersonallyandprofessionallyacceptableversionoftherole.Integratethisprofessionalroleintoalltheotherliferoles.RoleRelationshipPatterns20第20页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Box6-4.StepsintheSocializationProcess学会专业技能：专业法规、技术和理论。与专业文化融为一体。找到就个人和职业而言都可接受的角色类型。把职业角色
18、整合到所有其它生活角色中。RoleRelationshipPatterns21第21页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNursePurpose:Tohelpyoufocusonyourself-developmentasaprofessionalnurseRoleRelationshipPatterns22第22页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNurseProcedure:Writethestoryofho
19、wyouchosetobecomeanurseinaone-totwo-pageessay(maybedoneasahomeworkassignment).Therearenorightorwronganswers;thisissimplyyourstory.Youmayusethefollowingasguidesindevelopingyourstory.RoleRelationshipPatterns23第23页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNurseProcedure:1.Whatareyo
20、urreasonsforchoosingnursingasaprofession?2.Whatfactorsinfluencedyourdecision;people,circumstances,orsituations?3.Describeyourvisionofyourselfasanurse.4.Whatfearsdoyouhaveaboutyourabilitytofunctionasaprofessionalnurse?5.Howdoyouthinkbeinganursewillaffectyourpersonallife?RoleRelationshipPatterns24第24页
21、，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四1.Inwhatwaysisyourstorysimilartoordifferentfromthoseofyourclassmates?2.Asyouwroteyourstory,wereyousurprisedbyanyofthedataorfeelings?RoleRelationshipPatternsDiscussion:25第25页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Studentscandiscusssomeoftherealisticdifficultiesencounteredasnursingstudentsbothprofessiona
22、llyandpersonallyandwaystohandlethem.Explorethroughdiscussionthefollowing:1.Thepracticesnursingstudentswillneedtofollowtoachievetheirvision2.ThetypesofsupportsnursesneedtofostertheirongoingprofessionaldevelopmentRoleRelationshipPatternsDiscussion:26第26页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四RoleRelationshipPatternsObject
23、iveThree:Discusstheprofessionalrolesofthenurse27第27页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四WhicharethereProfessionalNursingRolesP.1161.Caregiver:a.Providescompleteorpartialcompensatorycareforclientswhocannotprovidetheseself-carefunctionsforthemselvesb.Implementssupportive/educativeactionstopromoteoptimumhealthc.Reinforc
24、esthenatural,developmental,andhealingprocesseswithinapersontoenhancewell-being,comfort,function,andpersonalgrowth ProfessionalNurseRoleRoleRelationshipPatterns28第28页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四2.Teacher:a.Provideshealthteachingtoindividualclientsandfamiliesb.Developsandimplementspatienteducationprogramstoprom
25、ote/maintainhealthfulpracticesandcompliancewithtreatmentrecommendationsc.Guidesindividualsintheirhumanjourneytowardwholenessandwell-beingthroughpsychoeducationWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns29第29页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四3.Clientadvocate:a.Protectsclientsrighttoself-determinat
26、ionb.Motivatesindividualsandfamiliestobecomeinformedactiveparticipantsintheirhealthcarec.Mediatesbetweenclientandothersinthehealthcareenvironmentd.ActsasclientsagentincoordinatingeffectivehealthcareservicesWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns30第30页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四4.Manager
27、:a.Coordinatesstaffandproductivityb.Delegatesdifferentiatedtaskstoappropriatepersonnelc.Facilitatescommunicationwithinandamongdepartmentsd.Servesoncommitteestoimproveandmaintainqualityofcaree.MakesdecisionsanddirectsrelevantchangestoensurequalitycareWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelations
28、hipPatterns31第31页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四5.Evaluator:a.Setsqualityassurance/carestandardsb.Reviewsrecordsandmonitorscompliancewithstandardsc.MakesrecommendationsforimprovementWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns32第32页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四6.Researcher:Developsandimplementresearch/gran
29、tproposalstobroadenunderstandingofimportantissuesinclinicalpracticeandvalidatenursingtheoriesasabasisforeffectivenursingpracticeWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns33第33页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四7.Consultant:a.Providesspecializedknowledge/advicetoothersonhealthcareissuesb.Evaluates
30、programs,curricula,andcomplexclinicaldatac.ServesasexpertwitnessinlegalcasesWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns34第34页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四8.CaseManager:a.Administerscareforacaseloadofclientsb.Coordinatescost-effectivecareoptionsc.Monitorsclientprogresstowardexpectedbehavioralo
31、utcomesd.CollaborateswithotherprofessionalstoensurequalitycareacrosshealthcaresettingsWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns35第35页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveFour:Discussthecharacteristicsofthesickrole36第36页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Fromtheclientperspective,loss
32、oforchangesinnormalroles,rolerelationships,androleperformanceareimportantdimensions(尺度/元)oftheemotionalpainclientsexperienceinhealthcaresituations.How well people are able to perform their How well people are able to perform their rolesroles within the family and within the family and societysociety
33、influencestheirreputationwithinthecommunityandtheirsenseofself-esteem.Whenillnessorinjuryaffectsroleperformance,italsoimpactsrolerelationshipswithothersandself-esteem.HowtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?p.119RoleRelationshipPatterns37第37页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Thenursemay
34、betheonlypersonwho has the who has the experexpert tise and willingness to facilitate discussions of the ise and willingness to facilitate discussions of the implications of role changesimplications of role changesstemmingfrom(源于)alteredhealthstatusfortheclientin an objective,in an objective,comcomp
35、 passionate manner.assionate manner.p.119HowtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?RoleRelationshipPatterns38第38页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Talkingaboutthemeaningofrolechangeisjustasimportantastalkingabouthowtochangeadressingorwhataphysicalsymptommeans.Lossofrole,changesinroleexpec
36、tationsandperformance,rolerelationshipsandroletransitionscanoccurasaresultofage,illness,lossofjoborsignificantperson,injury,andmentaldisordersHowtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?p.119RoleRelationshipPatterns39第39页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Mostpeopledonotassumethesickrolevolu
37、ntarily.Illnessortrauma(外伤)canchangeanindividualssocialrolefromoneofindependentself-sufficiencytooneofvulnerability(脆弱性)andvaryingdegreesofdependencyonothers,apersonalrolefromoneofindependencetodependence.Whenclientsenterahealthcaresituation,theyencounteraninterpersonalenvironmentthatencouragesthede
38、velopmentoffeelingsofanonymity(无名)andhelplessness.HowtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?p.119RoleRelationshipPatterns40第40页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Atthehospitaldoor,theclientforsakes(放弃)recognizedsocialrolesinthefamily,worksituation,andcommunity,temporarilyorpermanently.Rega
39、rdlessofhowcompetentthepersonmaybeinotherliferoles,whenillnessstrikes(打击),questionsaboutroleperformanceinevitablyarise.Oftenclientsmustlearnnewrolebehaviorsthatareunfamiliarandunsettlingtopreviouslyheldself-concepts.HowtounderstandthetransitionofClientrole,rolerelationships,androleperformance?RoleRe
40、lationshipPatternsp.11941第41页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Adjustmenttoachangeinhealthcarestatusrequiresawholenewsetofcopingskillswithoutnecessarilyhavingthesamesocialsupports.Clientsclearlyneedthesupportofthenursetoincorporatetherapidlychangingmeaningoftheenvironmentalandpersonalchangesencountered in illnessin
41、toanotherwisebasicallyhealthyself-concept.HowtounderstandthetransitionofClientrole,rolerelationships,androleperformance?RoleRelationshipPatternsp.11942第42页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四Differencesinperspectivesplayamajorpartin determining which illnesses and disorders are recognized as legitimate(合理的),therolesc
42、lients assume in their health care,and who becomes the culturally assignedexpert(在.中当专家)inpromoting,maintaining,andrestoringhealth.Forexample,someculturesbelievethatillnessispunishmentfromGodoranimbalanceofenergythatinterfereswiththebodysfunctioning.Theseculturalunderstandingscanaffectrolerelationsh
43、ipsinhealthcaresettings.HowtounderstandthetransitionofClientrole,rolerelationships,androleperformance?RoleRelationshipPatternsp.11943第43页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四ClientRoleClientRole Clientsareexpectedtoactasparticipating,cooperativeagentsintheirrecoveryprocess.However,anAsianclientmayappearasapassiverecip
44、ientofhealthcare,strikinglydependentonfamilyandhealthcaregiverforallguidanceandcare.Withoutaclearunderstandingofthisculturallyacceptableexpressionofthesickrole,thenursemayrespondinappropriately.p.120RoleRelationshipPatterns44第44页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?p.1211.Thepatienthastheri
45、ghttoconsiderateandrespectfulcare.ClientRoleClientRole RoleRelationshipPatterns45第45页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?p.1212.Thepatienthastherightto,andisencouragedtoobtainfromphysiciansandotherdirectcaregivers,relevant,current,andunderstandableinformationconcerningdiagnosis,treatment,a
46、ndprognosis.Exceptinemergencieswhenthepatientlacksdecisionmakingcapacityandtheneedfortreatmentisurgent,thepatientisentitledtotheopportunitytodiscussandrequestinformationrelatedtothespecificproceduresandtreatments,risksinvolved,lengthofrecuperation,andmedicallyreasonablealternativesandtheiraccompanyi
47、ngrisksandbenefits.ClientRoleClientRole RoleRelationshipPatterns46第46页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?ClientRoleClientRole 3.Patientshavetherighttoknowtheidentityofphysicians,nurses,andothersinvolvedintheircare,aswellasthestatusof the caregivers(e.g.,when those involved are students,re
48、sidents,orothertrainees.).p.121RoleRelationshipPatterns47第47页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?ClientRoleClientRole 4.Thepatienthastherighttomakedecisionsabouttheplanofcarebeforeandduringthecourseoftreatment,torefusearecommendedtreatmentorplanofcaretotheextentpermittedbylawandhospitalpol
49、icy,andtobeinformedofthemedicalconsequencesofthisaction.p.121RoleRelationshipPatterns48第48页，共65页，编辑于2022年，星期四WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?ClientRoleClientRole 5.Thepatienthastherighttohaveanadvancedirective(suchaslivingwill,healthcareproxy,ordurablepowerofattorneyoverhealth care)concerning treatment
50、or designating a surrogatedecision maker with theexpectation that the health careinstitutionwillhonortheintentofthatdirectivetotheextentpermitted by law and hospital policy.Health care institutionsmust advise patientsof their right to make informed medicalchoices.p.121RoleRelationshipPatterns49第49页，