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1、什么是人际关系和人际沟通第1页，此课件共65页哦what kinds of outline are the most important in the chapter?RoleRelationshipPatterns2第2页，此课件共65页哦BasicConceptsDefinitionsRelatedTermsPersonalInterpretationsofRoleSocietalInterpretationsRoleEffectsofAlterationinRolePerformanceonOthersOUTLINEOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns
2、3第3页，此课件共65页哦ApplicationsProfessionalNurseRoleTypesofProfessionalRolesRoleSocializationRoleStressSelf-awarenessintheProfessionalRoleOUTLINEOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns4第4页，此课件共65页哦ClientRolePatientsBillofRightsRolePerformanceasaNursingDiagnosisSupportiveInterventionsDevelopingNewSolutionsSum
3、maryOUTLINEOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns5第5页，此课件共65页哦What are the objectives of learning or studying in our lesson?RoleRelationshipPatterns6第6页，此课件共65页哦At the end of the chapter,the student will be able to 1.Defineroleandroleperformance2.Describethefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocializatio
4、n3.Discusstheprofessionalrolesofthenurse4.Discussthecharacteristicsofthesickrole ObjectivesObjectivesp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns7第7页，此课件共65页哦RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveOne:Defineroleandroleperformance8第8页，此课件共65页哦Whatisrole?Aroleisdefinedasasetofexpectedbehavioralstandardsestablishedbythesoc
5、ietyorcommunitytowhichapersonbelongs(Creasia,1991).Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns9第9页，此课件共65页哦Whatisrolerelationship?Rolerelationshipsinfluencecommunicationcontentandprocess.Consideryourownrole”asanursingstudentandhowitinfluencescommunicationcontentandprocess.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRe
6、lationshipPatterns10第10页，此课件共65页哦 什么是人际关系和人际沟通？什么是人际关系和人际沟通？人际关系人际关系人际关系是人们通过交流与相互作用而人际关系是人们通过交流与相互作用而形成的形成的比较稳定的心理关系比较稳定的心理关系，反映着个体或群体，反映着个体或群体满足满足其社会需要的心理状态其社会需要的心理状态，其发展变化取决于双方社会需，其发展变化取决于双方社会需要的满足程度。人际关系外延很广，包括朋友关系、夫要的满足程度。人际关系外延很广，包括朋友关系、夫妻关系、师生关系、同学关系、同事关系等。内涵是个妻关系、师生关系、同学关系、同事关系等。内涵是个体之间的心理上的
7、关系，表现为亲近或疏远、敌对或友体之间的心理上的关系，表现为亲近或疏远、敌对或友好等好等心理上的距离心理上的距离。p.310 p.310 RoleRelationshipPatterns11第11页，此课件共65页哦 什么是人际关系和人际沟通？什么是人际关系和人际沟通？人际沟通人际沟通人际沟通是指人际间的人际沟通是指人际间的信息交流信息交流。可以是。可以是面对面的，也可以是非面对面的，可以是语言的，也可面对面的，也可以是非面对面的，可以是语言的，也可以是非语言的，旨在传达思想、交换意见、表达感情和以是非语言的，旨在传达思想、交换意见、表达感情和需要等。需要等。它它包括关系沟通与内容沟通包括关系
8、沟通与内容沟通，即每个沟通都包含着，即每个沟通都包含着一定的内容和确定一定的关系。内容是指沟通中所一定的内容和确定一定的关系。内容是指沟通中所传信息的实质含义，关系是指沟通各方在沟通中所传信息的实质含义，关系是指沟通各方在沟通中所处的地位和联系方式。处的地位和联系方式。p.303 p.310RoleRelationshipPatterns12第12页，此课件共65页哦你能举例说明人际关系沟通和内容沟通之间的联系吗？你能举例说明人际关系沟通和内容沟通之间的联系吗？护士：护士：“昨晚我给昨晚我给xx xx（患者）的药为什么没吃？（患者）的药为什么没吃？护患关系护患关系 内容沟通效果内容沟通效果很熟
9、悉很熟悉 成功成功一般一般 有心理距离但可能成功有心理距离但可能成功紧张紧张 很难有效，很难有效，患者家属可能说患者家属可能说“我怎么知道？我怎么知道？没吃药到底是谁的责任。没吃药到底是谁的责任。”RoleRelationshipPatterns13第13页，此课件共65页哦Whatisroleperformance?Roleperformancereferstoapersonscapacitytofunctioninaccordwithsocialexpectationsofaparticularrole.Perceptionsofbehavioralstandardsforroleperf
10、ormancedifferfrombasedoncultural,gender,institutional,andfamilyexpectations;Peoplestillexpectdifferentrolebehaviorsfrommenandwomendespitetremendousadvancesinequalopportunity.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns14第14页，此课件共65页哦Roletransitiondescribeschangesinroleexpectationsthatoccurasdevelopm
11、entallifecrisesorwhenunexpectedlifeeventssuchasillnessorinjuryalterrolefunction.Forexample,newmotherexperiencesasignificantroletransitionwiththebirthofherfirstchild,asdoesayoungathletestruckdowninaballgamewithaspinalcordinjury.Whatisroletransition?Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns15第15页，此
12、课件共65页哦Whatisposition?Positionrepresentsastandardizeddescriptionofaroleandassociatedexpectationsthatmakesitunderstandabletoothersinthecommunityorgroup.Socialpositionrelatestothestatusandidentitythepersonholdsinthecommunity.Theconceptofpositionsometimesplaysaroleinhowhelpingprofessionalsrespondtoclie
13、nts:they sometimes treat clients in high positions differently than those with no money or low social status.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns16第16页，此课件共65页哦Whereasitisimportantforthenursetorecognizedifferencesinpositionasrelevantfactorsinsupportingclientintegrityandself-esteem,nursesneed
14、toviewallclientsasveryimportantpersons,treatingthemallwiththesamerespectandgivingthemallqualitycareregardlessofposition.Definitionsp.109-110Whatisposition?RoleRelationshipPatterns17第17页，此课件共65页哦RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveTwo:Describethefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization18第18页，此课件共65
15、页哦Unlikeotherformsofeducation,thenursingstudentmustsimultaneously(同时地)adjusttolearningnewmaterialwhilestartingonthejobtraininginwhichthestakes(风险)arehigh.Cohenidentifiedfourgoalsofprofessionalsocialization(seeBox6-4).Whichisthefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization?ProfessionalNurseRolep.114-
16、115RoleRelationshipPatterns19第19页，此课件共65页哦Box6-4.StepsintheSocializationProcessLearnthetechnologyoftheprofession:thefacts,skills,andtheory.Internalize(使内在化)theprofessionalcultureFindapersonallyandprofessionallyacceptableversionoftherole.Integratethisprofessionalroleintoalltheotherliferoles.RoleRelat
17、ionshipPatterns20第20页，此课件共65页哦Box6-4.StepsintheSocializationProcess学会专业技能：专业法规、技术和理论。与专业文化融为一体。找到就个人和职业而言都可接受的角色类型。把职业角色整合到所有其它生活角色中。RoleRelationshipPatterns21第21页，此课件共65页哦ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNursePurpose:Tohelpyoufocusonyourself-developmentasaprofessionalnurseRoleRelationsh
18、ipPatterns22第22页，此课件共65页哦ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNurseProcedure:Writethestoryofhowyouchosetobecomeanurseinaone-totwo-pageessay(maybedoneasahomeworkassignment).Therearenorightorwronganswers;thisissimplyyourstory.Youmayusethefollowingasguidesindevelopingyourstory.RoleRelationshipP
19、atterns23第23页，此课件共65页哦ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNurseProcedure:1.Whatareyourreasonsforchoosingnursingasaprofession?2.Whatfactorsinfluencedyourdecision;people,circumstances,orsituations?3.Describeyourvisionofyourselfasanurse.4.Whatfearsdoyouhaveaboutyourabilitytofunctionasaprofessi
20、onalnurse?5.Howdoyouthinkbeinganursewillaffectyourpersonallife?RoleRelationshipPatterns24第24页，此课件共65页哦1.Inwhatwaysisyourstorysimilartoordifferentfromthoseofyourclassmates?2.Asyouwroteyourstory,wereyousurprisedbyanyofthedataorfeelings?RoleRelationshipPatternsDiscussion:25第25页，此课件共65页哦Studentscandiscu
21、sssomeoftherealisticdifficultiesencounteredasnursingstudentsbothprofessionallyandpersonallyandwaystohandlethem.Explorethroughdiscussionthefollowing:1.Thepracticesnursingstudentswillneedtofollowtoachievetheirvision2.ThetypesofsupportsnursesneedtofostertheirongoingprofessionaldevelopmentRoleRelationsh
22、ipPatternsDiscussion:26第26页，此课件共65页哦RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveThree:Discusstheprofessionalrolesofthenurse27第27页，此课件共65页哦WhicharethereProfessionalNursingRolesP.1161.Caregiver:a.Providescompleteorpartialcompensatorycareforclientswhocannotprovidetheseself-carefunctionsforthemselvesb.Implementssu
23、pportive/educativeactionstopromoteoptimumhealthc.Reinforcesthenatural,developmental,andhealingprocesseswithinapersontoenhancewell-being,comfort,function,andpersonalgrowth ProfessionalNurseRoleRoleRelationshipPatterns28第28页，此课件共65页哦2.Teacher:a.Provideshealthteachingtoindividualclientsandfamiliesb.Dev
24、elopsandimplementspatienteducationprogramstopromote/maintainhealthfulpracticesandcompliancewithtreatmentrecommendationsc.Guidesindividualsintheirhumanjourneytowardwholenessandwell-beingthroughpsychoeducationWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns29第29页，此课件共65页哦3.Clientadvocate:
25、a.Protectsclientsrighttoself-determinationb.Motivatesindividualsandfamiliestobecomeinformedactiveparticipantsintheirhealthcarec.Mediatesbetweenclientandothersinthehealthcareenvironmentd.ActsasclientsagentincoordinatingeffectivehealthcareservicesWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPa
26、tterns30第30页，此课件共65页哦4.Manager:a.Coordinatesstaffandproductivityb.Delegatesdifferentiatedtaskstoappropriatepersonnelc.Facilitatescommunicationwithinandamongdepartmentsd.Servesoncommitteestoimproveandmaintainqualityofcaree.MakesdecisionsanddirectsrelevantchangestoensurequalitycareWhichareProfessional
27、NursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns31第31页，此课件共65页哦5.Evaluator:a.Setsqualityassurance/carestandardsb.Reviewsrecordsandmonitorscompliancewithstandardsc.MakesrecommendationsforimprovementWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns32第32页，此课件共65页哦6.Researcher:Developsandimplementr
28、esearch/grantproposalstobroadenunderstandingofimportantissuesinclinicalpracticeandvalidatenursingtheoriesasabasisforeffectivenursingpracticeWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns33第33页，此课件共65页哦7.Consultant:a.Providesspecializedknowledge/advicetoothersonhealthcareissuesb.Evalua
29、tesprograms,curricula,andcomplexclinicaldatac.ServesasexpertwitnessinlegalcasesWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns34第34页，此课件共65页哦8.CaseManager:a.Administerscareforacaseloadofclientsb.Coordinatescost-effectivecareoptionsc.Monitorsclientprogresstowardexpectedbehavioraloutcome
30、sd.CollaborateswithotherprofessionalstoensurequalitycareacrosshealthcaresettingsWhichareProfessionalNursingRolesP.116RoleRelationshipPatterns35第35页，此课件共65页哦RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveFour:Discussthecharacteristicsofthesickrole36第36页，此课件共65页哦Fromtheclientperspective,lossoforchangesinnormalroles
31、,rolerelationships,androleperformanceareimportantdimensions(尺度/元)oftheemotionalpainclientsexperienceinhealthcaresituations.How well people are able to perform their How well people are able to perform their rolesroles within the family within the family and societyand societyinfluencestheirreputatio
32、nwithinthecommunityandtheirsenseofself-esteem.Whenillnessorinjuryaffectsroleperformance,italsoimpactsrolerelationshipswithothersandself-esteem.HowtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?p.119RoleRelationshipPatterns37第37页，此课件共65页哦Thenursemaybetheonlypersonwho has the who ha
33、s the experexpert tise and willingness to facilitate discussions of the ise and willingness to facilitate discussions of the implications of role changesimplications of role changesstemmingfrom(源于)alteredhealthstatusfortheclientin an objective,in an objective,comcomp passionate manner.assionate mann
34、er.p.119HowtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?RoleRelationshipPatterns38第38页，此课件共65页哦Talkingaboutthemeaningofrolechangeisjustasimportantastalkingabouthowtochangeadressingorwhataphysicalsymptommeans.Lossofrole,changesinroleexpectationsandperformance,rolerelationshipsand
35、roletransitionscanoccurasaresultofage,illness,lossofjoborsignificantperson,injury,andmentaldisordersHowtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?p.119RoleRelationshipPatterns39第39页，此课件共65页哦Mostpeopledonotassumethesickrolevoluntarily.Illnessortrauma(外伤)canchangeanindividualsso
36、cialrolefromoneofindependentself-sufficiencytooneofvulnerability(脆弱性)andvaryingdegreesofdependencyonothers,apersonalrolefromoneofindependencetodependence.Whenclientsenterahealthcaresituation,theyencounteraninterpersonalenvironmentthatencouragesthedevelopmentoffeelingsofanonymity(无名)andhelplessness.H
37、owtounderstandClientrole,rolerelationships,performanceandtransition?p.119RoleRelationshipPatterns40第40页，此课件共65页哦Atthehospitaldoor,theclientforsakes(放弃)recognizedsocialrolesinthefamily,worksituation,andcommunity,temporarilyorpermanently.Regardlessofhowcompetentthepersonmaybeinotherliferoles,whenillne
38、ssstrikes(打击),questionsaboutroleperformanceinevitablyarise.Oftenclientsmustlearnnewrolebehaviorsthatareunfamiliarandunsettlingtopreviouslyheldself-concepts.HowtounderstandthetransitionofClientrole,rolerelationships,androleperformance?RoleRelationshipPatternsp.11941第41页，此课件共65页哦Adjustmenttoachangeinh
39、ealthcarestatusrequiresawholenewsetofcopingskillswithoutnecessarilyhavingthesamesocialsupports.Clientsclearlyneedthesupportofthenursetoincorporatetherapidlychangingmeaningoftheenvironmentalandpersonalchangesencountered in illnessintoanotherwisebasicallyhealthyself-concept.Howtounderstandthetransitio
40、nofClientrole,rolerelationships,androleperformance?RoleRelationshipPatternsp.11942第42页，此课件共65页哦Differencesinperspectivesplayamajorpartin determining which illnesses and disorders are recognized as legitimate(合理的),therolesclients assume in their health care,and who becomes the culturally assignedexpe
41、rt(在.中当专家)inpromoting,maintaining,andrestoringhealth.Forexample,someculturesbelievethatillnessispunishmentfromGodoranimbalanceofenergythatinterfereswiththebodysfunctioning.Theseculturalunderstandingscanaffectrolerelationshipsinhealthcaresettings.HowtounderstandthetransitionofClientrole,rolerelations
42、hips,androleperformance?RoleRelationshipPatternsp.11943第43页，此课件共65页哦ClientRoleClientsareexpectedtoactasparticipating,cooperativeagentsintheirrecoveryprocess.However,anAsianclientmayappearasapassiverecipientofhealthcare,strikinglydependentonfamilyandhealthcaregiverforallguidanceandcare.Withoutaclearu
43、nderstandingofthisculturallyacceptableexpressionofthesickrole,thenursemayrespondinappropriately.p.120RoleRelationshipPatterns44第44页，此课件共65页哦WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?p.1211.Thepatienthastherighttoconsiderateandrespectfulcare.ClientRole RoleRelationshipPatterns45第45页，此课件共65页哦WhatisaPatientsBillofRi
44、ghts?p.1212.Thepatienthastherightto,andisencouragedtoobtainfromphysiciansandotherdirectcaregivers,relevant,current,andunderstandableinformationconcerningdiagnosis,treatment,andprognosis.Exceptinemergencieswhenthepatientlacksdecisionmakingcapacityandtheneedfortreatmentisurgent,thepatientisentitledtot
45、heopportunitytodiscussandrequestinformationrelatedtothespecificproceduresandtreatments,risksinvolved,lengthofrecuperation,andmedicallyreasonablealternativesandtheiraccompanyingrisksandbenefits.ClientRoleClientRole RoleRelationshipPatterns46第46页，此课件共65页哦WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?ClientRoleClientRol
46、e 3.Patients have the right to know the identity ofphysicians,nurses,and others involved intheir care,aswell as the status of the caregivers(e.g.,when thoseinvolvedarestudents,residents,orothertrainees.).p.121RoleRelationshipPatterns47第47页，此课件共65页哦WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?ClientRole 4.Thepatienth
47、astherighttomakedecisionsabouttheplanofcarebeforeandduringthecourseoftreatment,torefusearecommendedtreatmentorplanofcaretotheextentpermittedbylawandhospitalpolicy,andtobeinformedofthemedicalconsequencesofthisaction.p.121RoleRelationshipPatterns48第48页，此课件共65页哦WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?ClientRole5.T
48、hepatienthastherighttohaveanadvancedirective(suchaslivingwill,healthcareproxy,ordurablepowerofattorneyover health care)concerning treatment or designating asurrogate decision maker with the expectation that thehealthcareinstitutionwillhonortheintentofthatdirectivetotheextentpermittedbylawandhospital
49、policy.Healthcareinstitutionsmustadvisepatientsoftheirrighttomakeinformedmedicalchoices.p.121RoleRelationshipPatterns49第49页，此课件共65页哦WhatisaPatientsBillofRights?ClientRole6.Thepatienthastherighttoeveryconsiderationofprivacy.Case discussion,consultation,examination,and treatmentshouldbeconductedsoasto
50、protectthepatientsprivacy.7.Thepatienthastherighttoexpectthatallcommunicationsandrecordspertainingtocarewillbetreatedasconfidentialbythehospital,exceptincasessuchassuspectedabuseandpublichealthhazards,whenreportingispermittedorrequiredbylaw.p.121RoleRelationshipPatterns50第50页，此课件共65页哦WhatisaPatients