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1、Unit 1 Great scientistsReading Pre-readingWhat do you know about infectious diseases?Infectious diseases can be spread easily They may have an unknown cause and do great harm to people.People could be exposed to infectious diseases,so may animals,such as bird flu.AIDS,SARS are infectious diseases.In
2、fectious diseases are difficult to cure.1.What do you know about cholera?Cholera is caused by a bacterium called Variant cholera.It infects peoples intestines,causingdiarrhea,vomiting and leg cramps.The most common cause of cholera is that people eat food or drink water that has been contaminated by
3、 the bacteria.Cholera can be mild or even without symptoms,but a severe one can lead to death without immediate treatment.2.Do you know how to prove a new idea inscientific research?Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea.What order would you put them in?Draw a conclusi
4、on Think of a methodCollect results Make up a questionFind a problem Analyse the resultsRepeat if necessaryRepeat if necessaryDraw a conclusion Analyse the resultsCollect resultsThink of a methodMake up a questionFind a problemRead the text and put the correct stages into the reading about research
5、into a disease.Read the text and answer these questions:1)Why did thousands of people die every time there was an outbreak of cholera?2)How many theories explaining how cholera killed people?What are they?3)Which theory did John Smith believe in?4)What was it that caused the illness?Why?5)What extra
6、 evidence did John Snow find?6)What should be done to prevent cholera from happening again?Look at the map in the text and read the sentences on the right of it.Try to understand the map and its importance.Read the whole text and do the exercises in Coprehending on page 3.Fill in the chart after rea
7、ding the passage.Scientific Report by John SnowThe problemNobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.The causeIdea 1:Strange cloud in the air that attacked victims.Idea 2:people absorbed the disease with their meals.The methodCollect data from the next cholera to test theories.Try to pr
8、ove which method was correct.1The resultsHe found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Idea 1 or 2?Why?Idea2 because the data showed a connection with the water.The conclusionJohn Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.Read the passage again and answer these questions.Two di
9、seases,which are similar today,are SARS and AIDS.Because they are both very serious,have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.21.Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?Why?He found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera
10、,collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?No.The map helped John Snow organized his ideas.He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking h
11、abits.He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?Give a reason.Explanation:Finally,we _their class and _the game.A.won;
12、defeated B.defeated;won C.won;won D.defeated;defeated注：注：defeat+人人/集体集体(a team,a class,an army)win+a game/battle/war/prize1.John Snow defeats “King Cholera1.John Snow defeats “King Cholera2.attend vt,vi 1)to be present at;go to(meeting,school,conference,lecture)出席；参加。出席；参加。He decided to attend the m
13、eeting himself.2)to look after,care for,serve 照顾，看护照顾，看护Which doctor is attending to(on)you?3)to go with 伴随伴随 The work was attended with much difficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。这项工作带来许多困难。attendance n.照顾，出席人数照顾，出席人数他决定亲自赴会。哪位医生护理你的？哪位医生护理你的？3.expose vt.(与与to连用连用)暴露，揭露，受到风险暴露，揭露，受到风险 1)Being exposed to sunlight f
14、or too much time will do harm to ones skin.2)Her innocence and youth will expose her to many dangers4.cure v.治愈治愈 n.痊愈，疗法，良药痊愈，疗法，良药A cure of this disease is not yet to be found.A cure for this disease is not yet to be found.搭配搭配 to cure sb.of sth.,BUT a cure for sth.n.v.5.control v./n.统治，控制统治，控制The
15、 government tries its best to control the prices.1)lose control of/be(go)out of control 失去控制，无法控制失去控制，无法控制The driver lost control of his car andit knocked into a tree.=The car was out of control and knocked into a tree.2)in control of/under the control ofMr Brown is in control of the money.=The mone
16、y is under the control of Mr Brown.政府努力控制物价。政府努力控制物价。6.Notice these sentences:1)John Snow was a well-known doctor in London so famous,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.2)Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.3)So many thousands of terrified people died ev
17、ery time there was an outbreak.4)He got interested in two theories explain-ing how cholera killed people.7.absorb vt./vi.1)to take or suck in(liquids)吸收吸收A sponge absorbs water.2)to take in(knowledge,ideas)专心于专心于 The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.8.severe adj.1)so serious;so bad（人（人,纪律）
18、严厉的纪律）严厉的,严格的严格的His severe looks frightened me.2)very harmful or painful;serious or uncomfortable（疼痛）剧烈的，严重的（疼痛）剧烈的，严重的 -severe acute respiratory syndrome 严重的、急性的呼吸道综合病严重的、急性的呼吸道综合病海绵吸水海绵吸水这个小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。这个小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。他的严厉表情使我恐慌。他的严厉表情使我恐慌。SARSblame vt.责备；谴责；把责备；谴责；把归咎于归咎于 n.过失，责备过失，责备 9.It
19、 seemed the water was to blame.He is to be blamed.He is to blame.注意注意:be to blame 该受责备该受责备主动语态表被动意义主动语态表被动意义blame sb.for sth.因因而责备某人而责备某人blame sth.on/upon sb.把把归咎于某人归咎于某人eg.They blamed him for the accident.Truth may be blamed but shall not be shamed.真理可能受责难，但不能受污辱。真理可能受责难，但不能受污辱。I feel it is your hu
20、sband who _for the spoilt child.A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blamed D.should blame 10.The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.=The map gave a clue about the cause of the disease.The clue was of valueadj.n.11.in addition=as well “另外另外”in addition to=as well as besi
21、des “除除之外之外”eg.1),there are six applicants.2)lending me his camera,he taught me how to use it.In additionIn addition to12.announce v.1)to make known publicly 发表，告知，宣布发表，告知，宣布The government announced its new economic policies.2)to state in a loud voice(the name of a person or thing on arrival,as of p
22、eople at a party or aircraft at an airport)宣布宣布(客人名字、到达等客人名字、到达等)His servant announced Mr and Mrs White.3)to make clearly known(事情事情)显示显示，预告，预告Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.政府发布了新经济政策。政府发布了新经济政策。他的仆人通报怀特夫妇驾临。他的仆人通报怀特夫妇驾临。温暖的阳光预示春天即将来到。温暖的阳光预示春天即将来到。13.A woman,who had moved away from B
23、road Street,liked the water so much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her house every day.14.To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.“暗示，表明暗示，表明”suggest “建议建议”sugge
24、st(that)sb.(should)do sth.suggest+v.-ing/n.eg.1)The teacher suggested that he (write)an English diary every day.write2)Grandfather suggests (take)the children to the zoo this weekend.taking(should)3)All evidence suggested that he (be)the murderer.wasHomework:Fill in the gaps according to the text.Jo
25、hn Snow was a famous doctor in London in the 19th century.He _ Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.At the time he lived,cholera was the most frighten-ing disease,_killed many thousands of people in the industrial cities in England.Nobody knew the _ of the disease and the _ for it.Snow got
26、 interested in two_ .The first suggested that cholera _ in the air without reason.The second suggested people _this disease into their bodies with their meals.He believed in the_ theory.So he collected much information to _ it.He did a lot of research and experiments.He _ the results and drew a _:It
27、 seemed the water was to_ ,that is,it was the polluted water that caused the illness.attendedwhichcausecuretheoriesmultipliedabsorbedsecondproveanalysedconclusionblameSome examples for Ex.3 at page 41.The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.2.I try to make friends with my new neighbours.3.He
28、 works hard to make money for further study.4.I didnt like them collect me in their car so I made my way to the restaurant on foot by myself.5.If you often make phone calls abroad it will cost you lots of money.6.Before you pay for that new car，make sure it has a guarantee,which will protect you against any problems during the first year.7.I make up my mind to study hard and go to a top university in the future.8.Please make the bed before you leave the flat.9.He is cleaning the corner to make room for the piano.The End