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1、专业八级-597（总分:78.00,做题时间:90分钟）一、PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（总题数：0,分数：0.00）二、SECTION A（总题数:1,分数：15. 00）MemoryI . Introduction to memory一the capacity for storing and 1 information一 2_, constructed, and edited一boundless and full of holes/distortions3A. 4一processing information into memoryautomatic and
2、 5 processing一different ways of encoding verbal informationa. structural encoding: formsphonemic encoding: 6b. semantic encoding: meanings deeper processingmemory7 . storage: a 8 modelsensory memoryof large capacity: 9一short-term memoryof limited capacity: enhanced by 10 and chunking working memory:
3、 allowing storage and jj_12of infinite capacity: lasting a lifetime. retrieval: getting information 1314 : stimuli that help the process of retrievalassociationsa. context15111. ConclusionMemoryI . Introduction to memory一the capacity for storing and 1 information一 2_, constructed, and edited一boundle
4、ss and full of holes/distort ions11. 3A. 4一processing information into memory-automatic and 5 processing一different ways of encoding verbal information a. structural encoding: formsSoon after his career went stratospheric, Jackson went extraterrestrial. With the aid of plastic surgeons who should hav
5、e known better, he almost literally defaced himself. For some imaginary Madame Tussaudz，s, he transformed himself into his own waxed figure, a modern Phantom of the Opera in pallor and disfigurement. A pop star has problems when his fans cant bear to look at him.Jacksons life was never, ever normal.
6、 For a celebrity of his magnitude, to be seen is to be smothered, to be a star is to be a freak, to be loved is to be abused. A poignant and appalling case history that could have come straight out of Krafft-Ebing, Jacksons childhood was marred by mistreatment. In a 1993 interview with Oprah Winfrey
7、, he recalled his youth, when his father Joseph was making millions off his sons popularity. Jackson said that in puberty-very sad, sad years for me一his father routinely called him ugly, and I would cry every day. When Winfrey asked, “Did your father ever beat you?” Jackson tried to smile as he said
8、 yes. Then, in an aside to his father, he added, Im sorry. Please dont be mad at me. With that wincing smile, Jackson was like a wounded orphan who has walked through fire and has booked a return trip.In 1993, Michaels sister LaToya, who is perhaps not the most reliable of witnesses, claimed that th
9、eir mother Katherine had called Michael a damn f1. How strong is the bond, thebondage, of victim to victimizer? Strong enough that one never breaks free. Jackson dedicated his album Dangerous to My dearest parents, Katherine and Joseph Jackson. Michael,s speaking and singing voice never matured; nei
10、ther, it appears, did he. When Winfrey asked Jackson if he was a virgin, he smiled and said he was a gentleman. You can call me old-fashioned, if you want. /z Old-fashioned? Archaic. Identifying with the don,t- want- to-grow-up Peter Pan一a role he hoped to play in a Steven Spielberg film version of
11、the James M. Barrie play一he called his ranch Neverland, populated it with an exotic menagerie and surrounded himself with young boys. They were meant to be supporting players in an improved, redeemed fantasy version of his own damaged childhood.but the blanched skin, the wrong role for him. Wasnt ch
12、ildhood and adolescence, searching, groping for the pick an image from anotherYet JacksorTs profound weirdness一not just the glove or the seaweed hair striping his face pained eyes, the tremulous soulhinted that Peter Pan was the Jackson really one of Peters Lost Boys, stranded between loved by the p
13、ublic yet feeling caged and abandoned, andEdenic innocence he believed was any child,s birthright? Or, toDisney cartoonPleasure Island, where careless lads were star Pan could instead be the Pied Piper, their parents gasped in fright.I love being around them, Jackson wrotetransformed into slaves and
14、 donkeys.the musician who lured children intoin his 1988 autobiography, Moonwalk.seem to be a bunch of kids over at the house, and theyre always welcome. TheyAnd this pop-a cave as“There alwaysenergize meclassic, Neverland could also be Pinocchiosjust being around them. zz When he welcomed handicapp
15、ed kids to the ranch, he felt he was their equal, and they were friends he could play with, or sing toor, he must have thought, love, in the purest sense of the word.He told Winfrey that what he most regretted not having as a kid was ,slumber parties. /z Thats what he arranged for his young guests,
16、who were often wounded souls themselves. The boy who brought the complaint against Jackson that went to trial met him after undergoing chemotherapy treatments for leukemia as a 10-year-old. Perhaps we should forget Peter Pan for the moment, and remember that Jackson told Winfrey of his kinship with
17、another outsider, John Merrick, that sweet-souled, tragically deformed creature known as the Elephant Man. I love the story,“ he said. reminds me of me a lot. It made me cry because I saw myself in the story.Even when the charges of child abuse were new and shockingwhen British gossip rags were dubb
18、ing him Wacko Jacko and Sicko Jacko一there was some sympathy for this sad creature. The public, after all, had more invested in him than they did in the boys he was accused of molesting. And now, in his early and sudden death, his mourners can see him as more sinned against than sinning. They might h
19、ave used that magical memory wipe on themselves.But as the first grieving fades, and all those people Jacksons lawyers paid to keep quiet get other people to pay for their stories, the tabloid tattling will return. The noise should be as instructive as it is ugly. It will force Michael Jackson,s fan
20、s and foes to ask: Why must our stars fall so spectacularly and fail us so egregiously? Perhaps its because we want them to. Indeed, it may be the primary function of celebrities like Jackson to show us, in their early radiance, what we could dream of being-and in the murk of their decline, what we
21、fear we could become.PASSAGE FOURWhy is there a Germany? Part of the answer goes back to a battle fought in A.D. 9 in the treacherous marshes and dense thickets of Teutoburg Forest, near modem Osnabrtick. As described by the Roman historian Tacitus, three Roman legions led by Quinctilius Varus had c
22、rossed the Rhine from Gaul, intent on incorporating the vast area known as Germania into the empire. They were ambushed and annihilated by German tribes under the command of a warrior named Arminius. It was one of the worst military disasters the Romans ever suffered. Some years ago, archaeologists
23、discovered the site of the battle; the debris field was a mile wide and 15 miles long. Caesar Augustus, it is said, roamed the hallways of his palace, crying, “Quinctilius Varus, give me back my legions!z，Henceforth, the Romans pretty much wrote off the area east of the Rhine and north of the Alps.
24、The line of demarcation survives to this day as a cultural divide一beer versus wine, butter versus oil, Germanic versus Romance.So the victory of Arminius established certain facts on the ground. In his fascinating study, Christopher B. Krebs draws attention to another part of the explanation for Ger
25、manys existence一the role played by Tacitus himself, through the influence of a smal1 volume called Germania. Think of it as an ancient exercise in social anthropology. The Romans had been bedeviled for years by the motley tribes they lumped together as Germans. Tacitus set out to describe them.In hi
26、s telling, the Germans possessed fierce blue eyes, tawny hair, huge bodies./z They prized freedom, scorned luxury and esteemed military courage above all else. They were a people of sturdy values for whom good laws were no substitute for good habits.z，In the land of the Germans, Tacitus writes, “nob
27、ody laughs off vice; and to corrupt and to be corrupted is not called modem times. Pointedly, he observed that the Germans were not tainted by intermarriage with any other nations but rather existed as a distinct unadulterated people that resembles only itself. Fast forward 14 centuries. Central Eur
28、ope is a mosaic of fractious principalities, united by Christianity and a Germanic language, but little else. The literate elites, looking abroad to the advanced kingdoms of England and France, have begun to wonder: who are we? They know that a book called Germania once existed, but the text itself
29、has been lost since antiquity. Suddenly, in the midT5th century, book collectors pick up vague rumors: a copy may have surfaced in a distant monastery. And yes, its tree!Krebs, a classicist who teaches at Harvard, lays out the recovery of Germania,“ in 1455, like a detective story. But that is just
30、the beginning. Tacituses book was exactly what nationalists had been waiting for. It tells a story of origins. It describes a proud, brave and virtuous people. In truth, its portrait was complex. The Germans were not one nation- Tacitus lists 50 tribes. They manifested plenty of appalling qualities.
31、 And Tacitus, who probably never set foot in Germany, clearly had an agenda: to provoke his own soft anddecadent society. All this proved easy enough to ignore. Germania was received as the “golden booklet.，z It was published and republished. An adviser to Frederick the Great, citing Tacitus, called
32、 the German people still the same aboriginal and indigenous nation which has preserved its independence, its name and its language from its origin to this day. In hindsight, its clear where this is heading. Phrases from Tacitus like not tainted and “unadulterated are picked up by 19th-century German
33、 theorists of race and superiority. The most popular German textbook of the time would refer to the unmixed German blood which flows in our veins.z/ In a newly unified Germany, “Germania was high on every reading list. Clubs sprang up to celebrate peasant virtues, physical prowess and Aryan superior
34、ity. The Nazis would leverage all this for their own purposes. In 1924, the young Heinrich Himmler read Germania while on a train trip. In his diary he evoked the glorious image of the loftiness, purity and nobleness of our ancestors.z，He vowed, “Thus shall we be again,“ adding the ominous note, or
35、at least some among us. The Nazi Party convention held in Nuremberg in 1936 featured a Germanic Room with Tacitean quotations. In 1943, Himmler sent troops to a palazzo in Italy where he believed the oldest manuscript of Germania was preserved. They didnt find it. The manuscript made its way to Germ
36、any eventually一in 2009, for an exhibition marking the 2, 000th anniversary of Arminius victory.Krebses quick march through a wealth of material hits a few boggy academic patches but becomes increasingly sure-footed. He has a light touch and a dry sense of humor. And despite the title of his book, he
37、 does not hold Germania responsible for acts committed in its name. Tacitus did not write a most dangerous book,z，he concludes. His readers made it so. (分数：22. 00). What does AAP at the beginning of the third paragraph stand for? (PASSAGE ONE)(分数： 1.00)A. American Association of Protection.B. The As
38、sociation of American Protection.C.American Academy of Pediatrics. J D. The Academy of American Pediatrics.解析：细节题。解答此题的关键是需要前后文连贯思考，在英语文章中的缩写单词一般在前文都会提及， 所以在第一段首句就提及该机构的名称，正确答案为C。(1) . In its context the statement that lower age limit is most likely flexible means that . (PASSAGE ONE)(分数:1.00)A. sun
39、screen may probably be applied to babies younger than six monthsVB. it is flexible to apply a limited amount of sunscreen to babiesC. sunscreen may probably harm a child below the age limitD. it is flexible to change the limit to a younger age 解析：语义题。从上下文可以判断这句话讲的是即使给六个月以下的婴儿使用防晒霜也很可能不会造成伤 害，A为最合适答案
40、。B理解偏差，C与原意相反，D语义表述不完整。(2) . According to the passage, most peoples view on skin protection against the sun is that . (PASSAGE ONE)(分数：1.00)A. babies dont get sunburned JB. UV light can change pigmentationC. its important to protect infants skin from early onD. parents should apply sunscreen to babi
41、es six months and older解析：细节题。题意要求找出大多数人的观点是什么，从第一段The notion that babies dont get sunburned is false”可以看出大多数人都觉得婴儿应该多晒太阳，太阳中的紫外线不会对婴儿皮肤造成 伤害，而这恰恰与研究者所得到的结果相反，故A为正确答案。B在第二段，为研究者的研究结果。C在 第一段，是从研究者的结果中所得到的结论。D在第三段开头，是从研究结论中得到的建议。(3) .According to the passage, which of the following groups of people mi
42、ght be viewed as being aggressive?(PASSAGE TWO)(分数：1.00)A. Storm troopers. JB. American tourists.C. Hitler.D. Semites.解析：推断题。从文章第三段 storm troopers were beating American tourists bloody on the streets可以推断storm troopers”很具有侵略性，实际上了解二战历史并知道纳粹党突击队员的情 况即可知道该选项答案。B和D没有任何侵略性。C具有侵略性但不符合题干groups of people。(4
43、) . What does Night of the Long Knives in the last paragraph indicate? (PASSAGE TWO)(分 数：1.00)A. Bloody murders.B. Bloody purges. VC. Arms race.D.The process of arming for war.解析：综合题。本题从语义或历史常识角度都可以做出选择。“Night of the Long Knives的语义为 “长刀之夜”，一般晚上亮刀也就意味着血腥的清洗，故B合适。从历史常识考虑，“长刀之夜”即指希 特勒1934年对冲锋队员的血洗。(5)
44、. The passage is probably a(n) . (PASSAGE TWO)(分数：LOO)A. autobiographyB. chronicle of William E. Dodds lifeC. prelude to the WWIID. introduction to a book V解析：推断题。从全文推断该篇很可能是一部书的介绍，而且从第二段“But the general reader is in luck on two counts. the book that recounts this story. Larson has meticulously rese
45、arched the Dodds intimate witness. created all edifying narrative” 还有最末句 uLarson has connected the dots to make a fresh picture of these terrible events. ” 可以进一步核实文章 的类型。(6) . A suitable title for the passage would be . (PASSAGE TWO)(分数：1.00)A.In the Garden of BeastsB.Sleeping with the Gestapo JC.Th
46、e Devil in the White CityD.An Ambassadors Autobiography解析：综合题。从全文内容可以推断虽然有些内容是关于William E.Dodd的，但重点在于他的女儿 Martha Dodd在战争时代的经历，所以标题的重心应该是关于Martha Dodd,可以直接排除D。A和C是文 中提及的两部书名，故不符。只有B最为合适。(7) . The fourth paragraph examines Michael Jacksons fall from the perspective. (PASSAGE THREE)(分数：LOO)A. broaderB.
47、 realisticC. true JD. criminological解析：推断题。A选项指更为广泛的视角，由于文中没有出现关于宽广度的比较，A不符合。B选项指现 实主义的视角，文章与是否通过现实主义表现没有什么关联。C选项为真实的视角，最为符合。D选项为 犯罪学的视角，第四段确实是关于Michael Jackson为人所不齿的方面，但跟犯罪学之类的概念范畴没有 什么联系，故D不合适。(8) . The sentence Soon after his career went stratospheric, Jackson went extraterrestrial.in the fifth p
48、aragraph means that . (PASSAGE THREE)(分数：1.00)A.soon after his career was left floundering, Jackson played the role of extraterrestrial beings in his pop artB. Jacksons career foundered as a result of his extraterrestrial actC. Jackson disfigured himself soon after his career became extremely successful VD. when Jacksons career was very successful, he went abroad解析：语义题。要理解句意需要理解“stratospheric”和“extraterrestrial”两个词的语义。前者指 “大气的同温层”，即从对流层顶部开始算起一直到地表以上50公里这段高度，相当的高度也就意味着 其比喻义为达到非同寻常的高度，也就是杰克逊的事业达到了极其成功的高度。后者指“天外生命的”， 从下文得知杰克逊进行了整容手术，把自己搞的人不像人，鬼不像鬼，像个外星人一样。所以只有C符 合。(9) . Which of the follow