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1、单词注释难句剖析导读诱思冲浪运动以海浪为动力,利用自身的高超技巧和平衡能力,搏击海浪,惊险刺激,令人神往。你知道这项运动是如何发展而来的吗?单词注释难句剖析导读诱思SurfingSurfingisanamazingsportwithanimpressivehistory.Theexactoriginsofsurfingarenotcertain,butitwasfirstobservedbyEuropeansonashipinTahitiintheSouthernPacificOceanin1767.Researchsuggeststhatsurfingdatesbacktotheancien
2、tPolynesianculturesthatexistedlongago.Accordingtomanymyths,thechiefofatribewasthemanwhocouldsurfthebest.Inotherwords,thetopwaveriderwasthetopmaninhiscommunity.Thatsaysalotabouthowimportantsurfingwasinthelivesoftheancients.单词注释难句剖析导读诱思Hawaiiansurfinghasarichtradition.TheancientHawaiianslookedatsurfin
3、gasapartoftheirlife.Itwasnotjustahobbyorajob,butawayoflifeandanartformforthem.Constructingasurfboardwasaspiritualprocess,andgreatcarewentintoallthingsrelatedtosurfing.Thepeoplewerefascinatedbytheideaofconqueringtheoceananddiscoveringthemysteriesburiedbeneaththepowerfulwaves.Themostskilledsurfersgain
4、edrespectinsociety.单词注释难句剖析导读诱思Surfingculturereallytookoffinthe1960swhenmoviesandsurfmusicliketheBeachBoysdrewinternationalattention.SouthernCaliforniabeachcultureandthesurfinglifestylecaughttheeyeofmanypeople.Thistrendhascontinueduptothepresentday.Therearenowtonsofsurfshops,events,primebeaches,anda
5、nentiresubculturethatrevolvesaroundthisextremesport.Ridingthewavesisoneofthemostthrillingexperiencesoutthere,soitisnotasurprisethathumanshavetakentothissportforcountlessyears.单词注释难句剖析导读诱思spiritual/spIrItl/adj.心灵的;有灵性的fascinate/fsIneIt/vt.使着迷;吸引住subculture/sbklt(r)/n.次文化;亚文化revolve/rIvlv/vt.&vi.旋转ext
6、reme/Ikstrim/adj.极端的;极度的thrilling/rIlI/adj.惊心动魄的单词注释难句剖析导读诱思1.Constructingasurfboardwasaspiritualprocess,andgreatcarewentintoallthingsrelatedtosurfing.译文:建造冲浪板是一个费心劳神的过程,而且还要仔细考虑与冲浪相关的一切。剖析:这是一个并列句,constructingasurfboard为动词-ing短语作主语,后一分句中relatedtosurfing为过去分词短语作定语,修饰allthings。单词注释难句剖析导读诱思2.Ridingthe
7、wavesisoneofthemostthrillingexperiencesoutthere,soitisnotasurprisethathumanshavetakentothissportforcountlessyears.译文:冲浪是在外面最令人刺激的体验之一,所以人们无数年来喜欢这项运动也就不足为奇了。剖析:这是一个并列句,前面一个分句中的oneofthemostthrillingexperiences表示“最令人刺激的体验之一”。Itisnotasurprisethat.是个常见句型,表示“不足为奇,并不使人惊讶”;taketo“喜欢,开始从事”。单词注释难句剖析导读诱思Whyare
8、theresomanypeoplewhoenjoysurfingintheworld?答案:Becausesurfingisthrillingandfascinating,andpeopleenjoythefeelingofridingthewaves.一二三四五六Pre-reading一、探索大海的渴望使人类从远古时代起就开始倾听远方的呼唤,他们不畏艰险,扬帆远航。不管航海的动机是什么,那些伟大的航海家们的冒险精神都值得我们崇敬。你认识和了解下面这些举世闻名的航海家吗?请从方框中选出他们各自主要的航海经历。一二三四五六1.ZhengHe(郑和)2.ChristopherColumbus(哥伦
9、布)3.Magellan(麦哲伦)一二三四五六4.VascodaGama(达伽马)5.BartolomeuDias(迪亚士)6.JamesCook(库克船长)一二三四五六a.saileddirectlyfromEuropetoIndiab.ledanexpeditionacrossthePacificOceanc.ledsevenexpeditionstowhattheChinesecalled“theWesternOcean”(IndianOcean)d.achievedthefirstEuropeancontactwiththeeasterncoastlineofAustraliae.le
10、dtogeneralEuropeanawarenessoftheAmericancontinentsf.sailedaroundthesouthernmosttipofAfricain1488答案:1-c2-e3-b4-a5-f6-d一二三四五六二、从课文中找出与下列英文释义对应的单词1.alongjourneyinvolvingtravelbyseaorinspace2.aperson,especiallyonemoreremotethanagrandparent,fromwhomoneisdescended3.apersonwhotravelstounknownplacesinordert
11、ofindoutmoreaboutthem4.tocause(someone)todosomethingthroughreasoningorargument5.notknownorfamiliar6.intheend,especiallyafteralongdelay,dispute,orseriesofproblemsvoyageancestorexplorerpersuadeunknowneventually一二三四五六deedjourneylectureapologise7.athingthatsb.doesthatisusuallyverygoodorverybad8.anactoft
12、ravellingfromoneplacetoanother9.atalkthatisgiventoagroupofpeopletoteachthemaboutaparticularsubject,oftenaspartofauniversityorcollegecourse10.toexpressregretforsomethingthatonehasdonewrong一二三四五六三、短语互译A.温故:从文中找出与下列汉语对应的短语1.来自2.被吹离航线3.被称为4.被迫离开5.记录下来comefrombeblownoffcoursebeknownasbeforcedtoleavewrite
13、down一二三四五六B.知新:从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思6.accordingto7.getintotrouble8.makeitto9.insearchof10.setsail根据陷入麻烦中到达寻找;寻求起航一二三四五六ACWhile-reading 四、阅读课文,选择正确答案1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.HowtheVikingsdiscoveredAmerica.B.ThelifeofVikingsinScandinavia.C.ErictheRedslifestory.D.OldstoriesabouttheVikings.2.
14、ItssaidthatErictheRedgotintotrouble.A.whenheleftIcelandB.whenhereachedGreenlandC.whenhecommittedamurderD.whenhereturnedtoIceland一二三四五六3.AfterErictheReddiscoveredGreenland,.A.peoplestartedtoliveonthatislandB.somepeoplewenttotheislandwithhimC.somepeoplewentbackwithhimtoGreenlandD.hesetsailfurtherwest4
15、.Whodoes“he”inLine23referto?A.ErictheRed.B.Biarni.C.Biarnisfather.D.Ericsfather.5.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.BiarnisailedtoNewfoundlandwithLeif.B.NewfoundlandliesnorthtoCanada.C.NopeoplelivedinNewfoundlandwhenLeifdiscoveredit.D.BiarnisdirectionswereofgreatusetoLeif.CBD一二三四五六五、观察下列句子
16、,指出各定语从句的引导词及先行词1.Ericsetsailwith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.引导词:先行词:2.ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.引导词:先行词:3.BiarniwasthemanwithwhomLeifdiscussedhisplans.引导词:先行词:4.Byaround900AD,thereweremanyplacesinNorthernEuropewheretheVikingsch
17、osetolive.引导词:先行词:ofwhichshipsforwhichmurderwithwhommanwheremanyplace一二三四五六5.IstillrememberthedaywhenIattendedmyfirstlectureincollege.引导词:先行词:6.Shedidnttellusthereasonwhyshegaveupherjob.引导词:先行词:whendaywhyreason一二三四五六beforecontrolledlivingPost-reading六、阅读课文,然后根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只能填一个单词。一二三四
18、五六troublepersuadedsearchunknown一二三四五六directionsmadefurther12346789101151.If not,then your group should arrange to meet outside of school hours and choose a time thats best for most people in the group.如果没有完成,那么你们组就要在课外安排会面,选一个大多数组员都最方便的时间。1234678910115考点arrangev.安排,准备Ivearrangedthatyoucanhavethecar.
19、我已经安排好让你用车。Onarrivalatthevillage,theauthorwasarrangedtoliveinaseparatehouse.一到达这个村子,作者就被安排住在一所单独的房子里。Annsarrangingasurprisepartyforhersonsbirthday.安正在给她儿子安排一个惊喜生日派对。HaveyouarrangedtomeetMarkthisweekend?这周末你安排与马克见面了吗?Davidarrangedforsomeonetodrivehimhome.大卫安排了某个人开车送他回家。1234678910115归纳:arrange(安排)后可以跟
20、that-从句,也可以直接跟不定式,但其后不能跟双宾语,也不能跟带不定式的复合宾语。若表示“安排做某事”,用arrangetodosth.;表示“安排某人做某事”,用arrangeforsb.todosth.。另外,arrange后的宾语只能是指物的名词。考点延伸阅读下面的句子,体会arrangement的词性和含义。Iveagreedtohelpwitharrangementsfortheparty.我已经答应帮忙安排聚会。词性:名词含义:安排1234678910115活学活用完成句子(1)Theyfortheconferencenextweek.他们将对下周的会议做些必要的安排。单句改错(
21、2)Ivearrangedhimtomeetyourparentsattheairport.willmakesomenecessaryarrangements在him前加for12346789101152.frightening adj.令人惊恐的,骇人的【高考典句】Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.突然刹车是很吓人的经历,特别是如果你正在高速行驶的时候。【高考典句】Graphscanseemfrightening,butreadingagraphisalotli
22、kereadingastory.图表可能看起来吓人,但读一个图表,就很像读一个故事。1234678910115考点延伸frightenedadj.害怕的Igotquitefrightenedwhenhelosthistemper.他发起脾气来我觉得挺害怕的。Dontbefrightenedofmaking/tomakemistakeswhenyouspeakEnglish.讲英语时别害怕犯错误。归纳:frightening常用于形容或描述人或物本身的性质;frightened用于形容或描述人受外物影响而产生的反应;常用结构为befrightenedofdoing/befrightenedtod
23、osth.,意为“害怕(去做)某事”。1234678910115活学活用完成句子(1)Thestrangersaidsomethingandthelittlegirl.(frighten)陌生人用可怕的声音说着话,这个小女孩非常害怕。选词填空(frightening;frightened)(2)Shewastolookdownfromthetopofthetallbuilding.(3)Withnoonetoturntoinsuchasituation,shefeltveryhelpless.inafrighteningvoicewasverymuchfrightenedfrightenedf
24、rightening12346789101153.In 982 AD,when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west,there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland.公元982年,冰岛生活着多达一万个古代斯堪的纳维亚人,就在此时,一个叫埃里克雷德的人决定向西远航。剖析when引导定语从句,其中过去分词短语calledErictheRed作后置定语,修饰man;主句中asmanyas.为原级比较结构,其中动词-ing短语作后置定语修饰Vikings。123
25、4678910115考点setsail起航OnSeptember20,1519,Magellanandacrewof270mensetsailfromSpainontheiraround-the-worldvoyage.1519年9月20日,麦哲伦率领270名水手从西班牙起航,开始了环球之旅。ChristopherColumbussetsailfortheNewWorldin1492.克里斯托弗哥伦布于1492年起航去往新大陆。归纳:setsail可以单独使用,当涉及地点时则常与介词from或for连用;涉及的地点表示起航的起点时,用from;涉及的地点表示起航的目的地时,用for。12346
26、78910115活学活用语法填空(1)Whatevertheweatherwillbeliketomorrow,ourshipwillsetsailMacao,wherewearegoingtostayforaweek.单句改错(2)HesetsailtoJapanyesterday.fortofor/from12346789101154.According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway,Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder,for
27、 which he got into trouble.根据冰岛和挪威的传说,埃里克雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。剖析because引导原因状语从句,从句中forwhich引导非限制性定语从句,修饰hehadcommittedamurder一事。1234678910115考点一accordingto根据,依照【高考典句】Studentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.根据学生们目前的语言技能,进行班级安排。Accordingtohim,Mr.Wangwillnotcometoday.据他说,王先生今天不会来。A
28、ccordingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman.数据显示,男性死于皮肤癌的可能性是女性的两倍多。归纳accordingto是复合介词,其后接名词、代词,不接从句。1234678910115考点延伸使用accordingto要注意以下几点:(1)其后所引出的信息应来自别人或别处,不能来自说话者。如不能说:Accordingtome,therentstoohigh.,应当说:Inmyopinion,therentstoohigh.(2)accordingto不能与opinion,view等词连用
29、。如不能说:“Accordingtohisopinion,hisplayersaregoingtowin.”,应当说:“Accordingtohim,hisplayersaregoingtowin.”。1234678910115考点二forcevt.迫使Ifyouwanttosucceed,alwaysforceyourselftodomore.你如果想要成功,就要一直强迫自己多做一点。Countriesthatusealotofcoalfearthattheclimate-changebillwillforcethemtostopburningit.大量使用煤炭的国家担心,气候变化法案将迫使
30、他们停止用煤。归纳:force后常接复合宾语,用动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成forcesb.todosth.结构,意为“强迫某人做某事”。1234678910115考点三getintotrouble陷入麻烦中,陷入困境Atfirstthethingwentwell,butlateronwegotintotrouble.起初事情进展得很顺利,但后来我们遇到了困境。归纳:该短语中的trouble不能用复数形式,也不能在前面加冠词。考点延伸阅读下面的句子,体会runintotrouble的含义。Thecompanyranintotroublewhenittriedtoexpandtooquickly
31、.那家公司在试图过快地扩张时陷入了困境。含义:陷入麻烦中,陷入困境1234678910115活学活用语法填空(1)Themurdererwassentencedtodeathaccordingtodaysnewspaper.(2)Thethiefforcedher(hand)overthemoney.(3)PerhapsIshouldntsaythatImightgettrouble.完成句子(4)Hehasgreattrouble.他解决这个问题有很大困难。(5),its8oclocknow.依照我的手表,现在是八点。totohandinto(in)solvingtheproblemAcco
32、rdingtomywatch12346789101155.He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。剖析不定式短语togoback.作宾语补足语。1234678910115考点persuadevt.说服,劝服Atfirst,theywererefused,butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade,theprojecttookoff.起初,他们被拒绝了,但是一旦他们说服他们那儿有钱可赚,项目就开始了。Iadvis
33、emyfathertoquitsmokingbutIcantpersuadehimto.我建议父亲戒烟,但没有成功。Howcanwepersuadethemintojoiningus?我们怎样才能说服他们加入到我们中来呢?Noneofuscouldpersuadehimoutofhisstupidplan.我们谁也没有办法说服他放弃那个愚蠢的计划。1234678910115归纳:persuade的常用结构有:persuadesb.todosth.,persuadesb.intodoingsth.及persuadesb.outof(doing)sth.,前两个结构意为“说服某人做某事”,第三个结
34、构意为“劝某人不要做某事”。1234678910115考点延伸(1)persuade还可表示“使相信,使信服”。Theywerepersuadedoftheyoungmansability.他们相信了这个年轻人的能力。归纳:persuade表示此意时,后面常接双宾语,直接宾语通常为that引导的宾语从句;也常用于persuadesb.ofsth.这一结构中,表示“使某人相信某事”。【高考典句】Advertisementspersuadeusthatnewerisbetter.广告使我们相信越新的东西越好。1234678910115(2)派生词:persuasionn.说服,劝说persuasi
35、veadj.有说服力的,令人信服的Ithadtakenmeagreatdealofpersuasiontogetmyfathertogiveupsmoking.我费了好大劲才说服我父亲把烟戒了。Theexplanationoffactorsthatarecontributingtoglobalwarmingisnotveryclearandpersuasive.对于那些引发全球变暖因素的解释既不清晰,也不能让人信服。1234678910115活学活用语法填空(1)Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople(pers
36、uade)toeatmorefruitandvegetables.(2)Wetrustyou;onlyyoucanpersuadehimgiveupsmoking.arepersuadedto1234678910115他尽一切努力来使警察相信他不是那个抢劫犯。我将说服他把药吃下去。我几乎相信他是诚实的。她在劝说之下买了一条昂贵的连衣裙。翻译下列句子(3)Hedideverythinghecouldtopersuadethepolicethathewasnttherobber.(4)Ishallpersuadehimtotakethemedicine.(5)Iamalmostpersuadedo
37、fhishonesty.(6)Shewaspersuadedintobuyinganexpensivedress.12346789101156.Eric set sail once again,this time with 25 ships,of which only 14 made it to Greenland.埃里克又一次起航,这次带了25艘船,其中只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛。剖析介词短语with25ships作伴随状语,ofwhich引导非限制性定语从句,修饰25ships。考点makeitto(及时)到达Theygotuplate.Theymadeittotheclassroomtho
38、ugh.他们起晚了,但还是及时赶到了教室。Maybewecanmakeittothisvalleybeforelunchtime.也许我们能在午餐时间之前到达山谷。归纳:该短语中的it表示虚指意义,to是介词。1234678910115考点延伸(1)makeit表示“获得成功”。Hecametothecitytolookforhisdreamandnotonlymadeitbutmadeitbig.他来到城市寻找自己的梦想,不仅成功了,而且大获成功。Failuredoesntmeanyoullnevermakeit.Itdoesmeanitwilltakealittlelonger.失败并不意
39、味着你永远不会成功,它意味着你还需要一段时间。【高考典句】Imadeit!我成功啦!1234678910115(2)阅读下面的句子,体会makeit的含义。Imreallysorry,butIwontbeabletomakeitonSundayafterall.我真的很抱歉,星期天我根本不可能到场。含义:出场;出席Nicetomeetyou.Imgladyoucouldmakeit.很高兴见到你。你能来我真的太高兴了。含义:到场1234678910115toit活学活用语法填空(1)Wecantmakeitthedestinationinsuchanawfulweather.(2)Imthin
40、kingofthetesttomorrow.ImafraidIcantpassthistime.Cheerup.Youcanmake.12346789101157.Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland,a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Erics party.埃里克雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久,一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。剖析notlongafter引导时间状语从句,过去分词短语calledBiarni作后置定语,修饰man;介词短语inse
41、archofEricsparty作目的状语。考点insearchof探寻,寻找Onreceivingtheorder,thepolicesetoutinsearchofthemissingchild.警察一接到命令就马上出发搜寻失踪的孩子。Oneofthegreatestjoysknowntomanistotakeaflightintoignoranceinsearchofknowledge.人类认识到的最大乐趣之一是置身于愚昧之境去寻求知识。1234678910115考点延伸阅读下面的句子,体会search的词性和含义。(1)Afteralongsearchforthemurderweapo
42、n,thepolicefoundaknife.警察长时间搜寻杀人凶器,终于找到了一把刀。词性:名词含义:搜寻(2)Policearestillsearchingforthemissingchild.警方仍在搜寻那名失踪的儿童。词性:不及物动词含义:寻找(3)Thepolicesearchedthebuildingfortheescapeebutfailedtofindhim.警察在那座建筑物里搜寻逃犯,但没找到。词性:及物动词含义:搜查1234678910115活学活用语法填空(1)Ihavebeeninsearchmymissingkeysforabouttwohours.(2)Theywe
43、ntsearchingyourdiamond,butIdidntthinktheyfoundit.offor12346789101158.Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land,from where he eventually reached Greenland.比阿尼希望加入与埃里克在一起的父亲的行列,但他被风吹离了航道,并发现自己到了一个陌生的岛上,从那儿他最终到达了格陵兰岛。12346789
44、10115剖析这是but连接的并列复合句。but前的分句是复合句,主句用过去进行时表示过去某时的愿望,who引导定语从句,修饰hisfather;but后的分句也是复合句,fromwhere引导定语从句,修饰anunknownland。介词一般与关系代词which/whom构成“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句,但fromwhere这种“介词+关系副词”结构也常用于引导定语从句。如:Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown.我们站在山顶上,从那儿可俯瞰整个城镇。Itisthebiggesttelescopeinthesouthernhe
45、mispherefromwheretheGalaxycanbeviewed.它是南半球最大的望远镜从那里可以观测到银河系。1234678910115考点一unknownadj.不知道的,未知的Anastronautexploringunknownplanetscoulddoatleastpartofhisexplorationwithoutleavinghisspacecraft.探测未知星球的宇航员至少有一部分探测工作可以不离开太空船来进行。Whetherornotthereislifeonotherplanetsremainsunknown.在别的星球上是否存在生命还未知。考点二event
46、uallyadv.最终,终于IamsureIwilleventuallyfindwhatIamafter.我相信我最终会找到我所追求的东西。【高考典句】Eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollege.最终,女孩们都从大学毕业了。1234678910115考点延伸辨析eventually,finally和atlast:Eventuallythebabystoppedcryingandwemanagedtogetsomesleep.最后婴儿停止了哭泣,我们也得以睡了会儿觉。【高考典句】Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthedis
47、cussionbutfinallyshegavevoicetoheropiniononthesubject.讨论刚开始时,玛丽一言不发,但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的意见。Impleasedtohearthatyouhavepassedtheexamatlast.听说你最后通过了考试我很高兴。1234678910115归纳这些副词都含有“最后”的意思。eventually作为特定的环境或偶然事件的结果将必然发生;finally既可用于表示时间位置,也可用于表示时间的先后顺序的“最后”;atlast只能指时间位置,而不能指时间的先后顺序,而且在语意上是指经过周折、等待、耽搁的“最后”“终于”。1
48、234678910115willcomeeventuallyfromwherenknownventually活学活用完成句子(1)Shewillprobablybelatebutshe.她也许会迟到,但她最终会来的。(2)Wewentuptotheroof,wehadagoodviewoftheprocession.我们爬到屋顶,在那儿我们可以一览整个行进队伍。根据句意及首字母提示填空(3)Theresultisstillu,whichmakeshimveryanxious.(4)Ifthepopulationgoesonincreasingatthepresentrate,therewill
49、enotbeenoughresourcesleftontheearth.12346789101159.Mr.Johnson apologised for the mistake.We complained to him.约翰逊先生为那个错误道了歉。我们向他投诉。考点一apologisevi.道歉(美式英语拼写作apologize)Sheinsistedonapologisingforhersonsbadmanners.她坚持要为她儿子的不礼貌道歉。Idliketoapologiseforcausingyousomuchtrouble.我想为给你带来那么大麻烦表示歉意。Ivegottoapolo
50、giseformybehaviour.Iwasimpolite.我必须为我的行为道歉,我当时太不礼貌了。1234678910115【高考典句】Herealisedthisandapologisedtome.他意识到这件事,并向我道歉。IapologisethatIwasnotabletocometotheparty.我为未能参加聚会表示道歉。归纳:apologise常与介词for或to连用,for后接道歉的原因,表示“因某事道歉”;to后接道歉的对象,表示“向某人道歉”。另外,apologise后还可接that引导的从句。1234678910115归纳:apologise常与介词for或to连