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1、1. Working Together to Defeat the COVID-19 OutbreakXi JinpingChinese President Xi Jinping attended the G20 Extraordinary Virtual Leaders * Summit on COVID-19 via video link in Beijing, capital of China, March 26, 2020 and delivered a speech titled nWorking Together to Defeat the COVID-19 Outbreak1,
2、via video link in Beijing. Here is the speech.Your Majesty King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Dear Colleagues,It is good to join you. 1) Let me begin by expressing my sincere aDDrxciation to His Majesty King Salman and Saudi Aiabia fbr having done tremendous work of communication and coordination to
3、 make this summit possible.Facing the COVID-19 outbreak that caught us all by surprise, the Chinese government and Chinese people have been undaunted as we took on this formidable task. From day one of our fight against the outbreak, we have put peoples life and health first. 2) Wn have acted accord
4、ing to the overall Drinciplc of shoring UD confidence, strengthening unity, ensuring science-based control and treatment and imposing targeted measuies. We have mobilized the whole nation, set up collective control and treatment mechanisms and acted with openness and transparency. What we fought was
5、 a peoples war against the outbreak. We have put up a strenuous struggle and made tremendous sacrifices. Now the situation in China is moving steadily in a positive direction. Life and work are quickly returning to normal. Yet, there is no way we will lower our guard or relax control.At the most dif
6、ficult moment in our fight against the outbreak, China received assistance and help from a lot of members of the global community. Such expressions of friendship will always be remembered and cherished by the Chinese people.Major infectious disease is the enemy of all. 3) As we SDeak, th。COVID 19 ou
7、tbreak is spreading worldwide, posing enormous thieat to li 能 and health and bringing fbimidable challenge to global public health secuiity. The situation is disturbing and unsettling. At such a moment, it is imperative for the international community to strengthen confidence, act with unity and wor
8、k together in a collectiveThe idea of self-centered development makes global economic development more difficult to some extent and many potential problems that could lead countriesinto more serious difficulties.A. masksB. shelter C. hideD. keep outIn his speech. President Xi put forward many pragma
9、tic proposals for action, _such key words as cooperation”, “inclusiveness, innovation and responsibility”.A. include B. includes C. including D. includedTodays countries in the world are closely linked. If the world economy is to forward in the direction of healthy development, each country must sho
10、ulder its own responsibilities.A. lookB. develop C. evolve D. moveOnly when countries respect each other and face squarely the differences between countries from different national conditions and political systems, with a viewto reaching a consensus in the field of economic development, can it be co
11、nsidered inclusive.A. arising B. coming C. deriving D. rangingIn sharing his opinions, President Xi promised that China would medium-to-high-speed growth, continue to create development opportunities for all countries, and assume the responsibility of promoting global economic growth.A. sustainB. ob
12、tainC. maintain D. entertainTo open up a brighter future fbr the world economy,China*s active participation and coordination will it be possible fbr all parties to achieve more brilliant results on the premise of tolerance.6) On a draft amendment to the patent law for top legislature review inDecemb
13、er 2018, Li said that the amendment would increase the compensation fbr patent infringement.A. submitted B. heldC. passedD. votedAccording to Premier Li, China will further open up to foreign investment industries value-added telecom services, medical institutions, educationalservices, transportatio
14、n, infrastructure and energy and resources.A. include B. including C. includes D. includedDaniel Statta, managing director and partner of Kearney Greater China, believed that these areas are likely to be Chinas next strong growth areas, and China hopes to promote this growth by capital in these area
15、s.A. investing B. putting C. funding D. encouragingWhile China is determined to open up, in the face of rising protectionism, China has been playing role in international cross-border cooperation. Expanding the“Belt and Road Initiativen project is a typical example.A. an important B. an absolute C.
16、a leading D. an exclusiveAccording to Zhang Yansheng, a researcher at the China Center fbr International Economic Exchange, with the deepening of de-globalization, emerging markets, _by countries along Belt and Road Initiative, provide a suitable platform for Chinese companies to expand their busine
17、ss.A. represented B. agreed C. praisedD. followedKey: 1)A 2) B 3) D 4) C 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) D 9) C 10) ATask III. Translate the following sentences from the passage into Chinese.1)国务院总理李克强在2019博鳌亚洲论坛开幕全体会议上表示，中国今年将推出一篮子促进开放 的措施，包括进一步减少外商投资负面清单，提高对侵犯著作 权行为的处罚。2)李克强说，没有一个国家能够免受全球经济下行压力的挑战，他强调，中国倡导自由公平的
18、贸 易。3)罗兰贝格大中华区首席执行官丹尼斯德波克斯(Denis Depoux)在接受环球时报采访时 说：“在众多(中国)官员(就开放)发表了许多类似声明之后，李克强的讲话突出了中国对开放、改 革和有利于外国投资的政策的高度重视，以此来支持中国的增长。4) “开放型经济总是会更加繁荣。我不认为有人真的怀疑这一点，”美国商品期货交易委员会前主 席詹姆斯斯通(Jamesstone)对环球时报表示，他补充说，很明显，中国已成为世界经济的一个主 要因素。5)博鳌亚洲论坛主席、前联合国秘书长潘基文在开幕式全体会议上誓言坚决支持全球化和自由贸易。 我们在同一个星球，同一条船上，有着共同的未来我希望论坛能够
19、带来最广泛的共识，成为造 福亚洲的政策。6)在2018年12月提交最高立法机关审议的专利法修正案草案上，李克强表示，修正案将增 加专利侵权赔偿。他还表示，中国将在6月底前进一步放宽市 场准入管制，缩短外商投资负面清单。7)李克强说，中国将进一步向外商投资产业开放，包括增值电信服务、医疗机构、教育服务、交通 运输、基础设施、能源资源等。8) A.T.卡尼大中华区董事总经理兼合伙人丹尼尔斯塔塔(Daniel Starta)表示，这些领域很可能 是中国下一个强劲增长的领域，因此中国希望通过鼓励资本进入 这些领域来推动这一波增长。9)随着中国决心开放，它也在国际贸易合作中发挥了主导作用，例如在保护主义
20、抬头的情况下，扩 大“一带一路倡议。10)中国国际经济交流中心研究员张燕生在接受环球时报记者采访时表示，随着去全球化程度的 加深，以“一带一路”为代表的新兴市场由于没有大国政治冲突，为中国企业的业务拓展提供了合适 的平台。4. Four Important Conferences During World War IIThe four important conferences during World War II include Cairo Conference, Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference and Botslam Conference.Cair
21、o ConferenceThe Cairo Conference was held in Cairo, Egypt, on November 22-26, 1943. It outlined the Allied position against Japan during World War II and made decisions about postwar Asia. The meeting was attended by President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Generalissimo C
22、hiang Kai-shek. Joseph Stalin did not attend the conference because Chiang was attending, which could cause friction between the Soviet Union and Japan. 1) The Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact of 1941 was a five-yea】 agieement of neutrality between the two nations; in 1943 the Soviet Union was not at
23、 war with Japan, whereas China, the U.K, and the U.S, were.Two days later Stalin met with Roosevelt and Churchill in Tehran, Iran for the Tehran Conference.The Cairo Declaration was issued on 27 November 1943 and released in a Cairo Communique through radio on 1 December 1943, stating the Allies* in
24、tentions to continue deploying military force until Japans unconditional surrender. 2) The three main clauses of the Cai】o Declaiation aie that Japan be striDDed of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the First World War in 19141 all the teriitories
25、 Japan has stolen f?om the Chinese, such as Manchuiia, Taiwan, and the Pescadores, shall be lestored to the Republic of China， and that in due course Korea shall become f?ee and indeDendent.Tehran ConferenceTehran Conference, (November 28-December 1, 1943), meeting between President Franklin D. Roos
26、evelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran during World War IL The chief discussion centred on the opening of a “second fronf in western Europe. Stalin agreed to an eastern offensive to coincide with the forthcoming Western Front, and he pressed the western leaders
27、to proceed with formal preparations fbr their long-promised invasion of German-occupied France.3) Though military questions were dominant, the Tehran Conference saw more discussion of political issues than had occurred in any previous meeting between Allied governmental heads. Not only did Stalin re
28、iterate that the Soviet Union should retain the frontiers provided by the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of 1939 and by the Russo-Finnish Treaty of 1940, but he also stated that it would want the Baltic coast of East Prussia. Though the settlement for Germany was discussed al length, all three All
29、ied leaders appeared uncertain; their views were imprecise on the topic of a postwar international organization; and, on the Polish question, the western Allies and the Soviet Union found themselves in sharp dissension, Stalin expressing his continued distaste for the Polish government-in-exile in L
30、ondon. 4) On Iran, which Allied forces weie partly occupying, they were able to agree on a declaration (published on December 1, 1943) guaianteeing the postwai indeDendence and territorial integrity of that state and promising postwar economic assistance.Yalta ConferenceOn February 4, 1945 the Big T
31、hree (Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin) convened at Yalta, on the Crimean Peninsula. It was the third of the large war time conferences during World War II, preceded by Tehran in 1943, and succeeded by Potsdam (after Roosevelts death) later in 1945.After the Tehran Conference in 1943, the three leade
32、rs promised to meet again, resulting in the conference held in Yalta. Although Stalin had expressed concern about Roosevelts health during the Tehran conference, this concern did not translate into action. 5) The Soviet leader refused to travel farther than the Black Sea Resort of Yalta in the Crime
33、an Riviera (then Dart of the Soviet Union) for the next meeting and, once again, Churchill and Roosevelt took long trips to attend the Yalta summit.Each of the three powers brought their own agenda to the Yalta Conference. Roosevelt was lobbying for Soviet support in the Pacific theater and the plan
34、ned invasion of the Empire of Japan; Churchill was pressing for free elections and democratic institutions in Eastern Europe, specifically Poland; while Stalin was attempting to establish a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe which he deemed essential to Soviet national security. Additional
35、ly all three of them were trying to establish an agenda on how to govern post-war Germany.The Big Three had ratified previous agreements about the postwar division of Germany: there were to be three zones of occupation, one zone for each of the three dominant nations (France would later get a portio
36、n when the USA and Great Britain divided up parts of their zones and gave them to France). 6) Berlin itself, although within the Soviet zone, would also be divided into three sectors, and would eventually become a major symbol of the Cold War because of the division of the city due to the infamous B
37、erlin Wall, constructed and manned by the Soviet-backed Communist East German government.The Big Three had further decided that all original governments would be restored to the invaded countries and that all civilians would be repatriated.Potsdam ConferenceThe last of the major conferences during W
38、orld War II was held at Potsdam (16 Jul 1945 - 26 Jul 1945), code named Terminal. Immediately west of Berlin, President Truman was given a chance to tour the ravaged German capital while he waited for Stalins arrival (the Russian leader was a day late). The meeting was held at the undamaged Cecilien
39、hof Palace. 7) Stalins late arrival gave Trumans scientists one extra day to work on the Manhattan Project, and that one extra day seemed to be iust enough fbr ODDcnheimers team to give Truman the lesulted he wanted. On the same day that the leaders met at Potsdam, a successful atomic detonation was
40、 achieved at New Mexico*s desert of Alamogordo under the code name Operation Trinity. By this point, the Americans had learned that Japan wished to end the war, partly by Japans unrealistic pleas for Moscow to mediate a peace settlement between Japan and theAllied powers. However, the Americans also
41、 understood that, if war could not be stopped, many in Japan were prepared to fight to the bitter end, and the losses on both side would be tremendous should landings on the home islands become necessary. 8) Understanding this about Japan, at Potsdam Truman made sure that Stalin would hold true to h
42、is promise that Russia would declaie war on Japan thiee months aftei the surrendei of Germany despite the news of the successful test atomic explosion; Tmman was keeping his options open.On 26 July, agreements were reached:Reversion of all German annexations in Europe after 1937 and separation of Au
43、stria from Germany.Statement of aims of the occupation of Germany by the Allies: demilitarization, denazification, democratization and decartelization.9) The Potsdam Agreement, which called fbr the division of Germany and Austria into fbur occupation zones (agreed on earliei at the Yalta Conference)
44、, and the similar division of Berlin and Vienna into four zones.Agreement on prosecution of Nazi war criminals.The establishment of the Oder-Neisse line as the provisional border between Germany and Poland.The expulsion of the German populations remaining outside the borders of Germany.Agreement on
45、war reparations. The Allies estimated their losses and damages at 200 billion dollars. On insistence of the West, Germany was obliged to pay off only 20 billion in German property, current industry products, and work force (However, the Cold War prevented the full payment).The Potsdam Declaration wa
46、s also written (by Truman and Churchill, with input from Chiang Kaishek) and was broadcasted to the Japanese people by radio and dropped in pamphlets, both in the Japanese language. 10) It Dromised “prompt and utter destruction unless Japan fbrever lenounced militarism, gave UD the war ciiminals, 】e
47、tum all conqueied territories since 1895, and surrendered unconditionally.Prime Minister Admiral Suzuki, upon hearing the declaration, was purposefully ambiguous in his response while the cabinet debated Suzuki was buying time for himself before writing up his official response to Truman, Churchill,
48、 and Chiang.However, on the American side, this delay was completely misinterpreted as Japans arrogance in continuing the war by ignoring the declaration. Historian Dan van der Vat commented: nSeldom can a misconstrued adverbial nuance have had such devastating consequences;. (1348 words)Passage Exp
49、loration TasksTask I. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.1) The four important conferences during World War II include Cairo Conference, Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference and Botslam Conference.2) The Cairo Conference outlined the Allied position against Germany during World War II and made decisions about postwar Asia.3) Tehran Conference refers to the