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1、Past participles used as object complement(过去分词做宾语补足语过去分词做宾语补足语)Grammar概述概述英语中有些动词，除了有一个英语中有些动词，除了有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子才完整。过去分补足语，句子才完整。过去分词作宾补表示该动词与宾语之词作宾补表示该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，它间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，它对宾补作进一步的补充说明。对宾补作进一步的补充说明。We think him clever.What he said made me angry.They consider the answ
2、er correct.Everyone calls him Tom.宾语宾语 宾补宾补带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词某些及物动词+直接宾语直接宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语1.His father named him Tom.2.They painted their house white.3.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.4.Nobody noticed him enter the room.5.We saw her entering the room.(名词名词)(动词不定式动词不定式)(现在分
3、词或其短语现在分词或其短语)(形容词形容词)(省略省略toto的动词不定式的动词不定式)哪些可以做宾补？哪些可以做宾补？5.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.6.We take English as a useful tool for research work.7.Whenever you may go,you will find him at work.8.Let the fresh air in.9.The plant has its own name.You cannot call it what you will.(过去分词过去分词
4、)(用用as引出引出)(介词短语介词短语)(副词副词)(从句从句)作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 1.及物动词及物动词(短语短语)的过去分词用作宾语的过去分词用作宾语补足语时补足语时,宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。被动关系。I want the letter posted.我想把这封信寄出去。我想把这封信寄出去。2.少数不及物动词如少数不及物动词如 go,change,fall 等的等的 过去分词作宾语补足语时过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。仅表示
5、动作完成。因此因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上 的被动关系。的被动关系。She found her ring gone on her way home.在回家的路上在回家的路上,她发现项链不见了。她发现项链不见了。3.动词动词 seat,hide,dress 等的过去分词作宾等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义,因此因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。如如:When I came in,I
6、found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时我进来时,发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。过去分词作过去分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语三种情况三种情况1.使役动词使役动词get,have,make,keep,leave 等后等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语可用过去分词做宾语补足语,表：表：“致使某人或某事被致使某人或某事被”We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentists.
7、2.感官动词感官动词feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后,表表:“感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”。I was sleeping when I heard my name called.He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.3.表示表示“意欲意欲;命令命令”的动词如的动词如:like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be,表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被做要求某人
8、或某事被做”。I wish these letters(to be)typed as soon as possible.He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his daughter taught the piano.2.看看 watch,notice,see,look at,observe catch 听听 hear,listen to 感感 feel 闻闻 smell 发现发现 find3.意欲意欲want,wish,like1.使役使役 keep,leave,get,have,makes
9、th./sb.done4.“with 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中结构中,过去分词过去分词用作介词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.(表方式表方式)With water heated,we can see the steam.(表条件表条件)With the matter settled,we all went home.(表原因表原因)NoteI s
10、aw him get off the bus.I saw him knocked down by a car.I saw him lying on the road just now.(to)do:整个过程整个过程-ed:被动被动-ing:主动主动现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别Fill in the blanks.I heard someone _me.I heard my name _.I found Tom _ the window.I found the window _.callingcalledbreakbroken4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态语态,这时过去分词改这时过去分词改作主语补足语作主语补足语,说明主语所处的状态。说明主语所处的状态。We found the door broken.The door was found broken.She found her bag stolenwhen she woke up.Her bag was found stolen when she woke up.