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1、Unit 4 Book 1 导案disaster/dI za:sto（r）/n.灾难；灾害词根词缀：dis（远离，偏离）+aster（star星星）：星星偏离了原来的位置灾难。natural disasters 自 然灾害an air disaster 空难It was the second air disaster in less than two months.这是不到两个月内的第二次空难了。Thousands of people died in the disaster.数千人在这场灾难中丧生。1. tornado /to： nei dau / n 龙卷风;旋风破拆法：torn（tear
2、撕扯）+a+do（door门） 助记：龙卷风撕扯着一扇门。The tornado killed dozens of lives.那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命。2. drought / drau t/n.旱灾;干旱类比：dry a.干燥的drought n.干旱high a.高的height n.高度see vt看见sight n.视野think vi想thought n.想法The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.长期干旱后土地硬得就像石头一样。In fact many food crops failed because of the d
3、rought.实际上，因为干旱，很多粮食作物歉收。3. slide / slai d / vi. & vt. （slid, slid ）（使）滑行；滑动silk n.丝绸smooth a.光滑的skin n.皮肤ski vi.滑雪slippy a.光滑的：敏捷的slipper n.拖鞋slippeij a.滑的；狡猾的slippy a.光滑的：敏捷的slipper n.拖鞋slippeij a.滑的；狡猾的字母S：曲线字母S：丝滑skate vi.滑冰slip vi.滑倒slide v.滑动 swift a.敏捷的matter n.物质matter n.物质material n.材料metal
4、 n.金属make vt.制作medal n.奖牌mark n.标记a piece of metal 一块金属The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.铁轨如今成了一块块废金属。The box is made of metal.盒子是用金属做的。23. shock，Dk/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊；电击The little boy was speechless with shock.那小男孩震惊得说不出话来。He has never recovered from the shock of his wifbs dea
5、th.他从未从妻子去世的打击中恢复过来。Dont touch that wire or youU get a shock .别碰那根电线,不然你会触电的。People were in shock-and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。The news of his death shocked all of us.他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。Everyone in the street was shocked by the n
6、ews.街上所有的人都被那条消息震惊了。in shock处于震惊/休克中She is still in shock after the accident.事故发生后到现在，她仍然处于休克状态。shocking/ f Dki q/adj.令人震惊的（现在分词表示主动内涵，意为“令人的”）shocked / J。kt/adj.感到震惊的（过去分词表示被动内涵，意为“感到的”）I was shocked to hear the shocking news.听到这个令人震惊的消息，我感到很震惊。24. electricity /1 , lek tri soti/n.电；电能拆破法：e（电子）+lect
7、（收集）+tri（去）+city（城市）助记：收集电子去给城市供电。Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.水、食物，和电都很难弄到。The electricity had been cut off.停电了。We can use the power of the wind to make electricity.我们可以使用风力来发电。electric I lektn k adj.电动的electrical i lektn k（o）l adj.与电相关的electronic i lek tro ni k a.电子的25.25.trap /tr
8、aep/ vt.困住；使陷入套n.困境；陷阱The thick smoke and flames trapped people upstairs.浓烟和火焰把人们困在 了楼上。The children trapped in the burning building were saved at last.被困在燃烧着的楼房里的孩子们最后得救了。A fox was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。Some women see marriage as a trap.有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,00
9、0 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震后不久，部队派了 15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。be trapped in.受困于Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins.有些工人被困在废墟中。trap sb into （doing） sth.诱使某人（做）某事They trapped her into marrying their son.他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。词群：trick vt.诱骗dripvi.滴
10、落trap vt.使陷入dropv.掉落trip vt.绊倒drag vt.拖拽draw vt.牵拽dragon n.龙dry vt.使脱水drain vt.抽干droughtn.干旱draft vt.起草bury / beri / vt.掩埋;埋葬破拆法：bu（不）+r（让）+y（养）助记：既然不让养，就把它埋了吧。He died at the age of 80 and was buried in his homeland.他80岁去世了，被安葬在他的家乡。I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old
11、newspapers.我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。He buried his face in his hands and wept.他双手掩面而泣。She had learnt to bury her feelings.她已经学会了 感情不外露。bury ones head / oneself in.= be buried in 埋头于，专心致志于My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper.=My father was buried in his newspaper.我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。Buried in my b
12、ook, I didnt realize it was raining.我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。26. breathe / bri:d / vi.& vt.呼吸breathe in/out 吸入/呼出Slowly, the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Its good for the health to breathe de印ly.做深呼吸对身体有益。Most people dont realize that they are breathing polluted air.大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。bre
13、ath/ breB/n.气息；呼吸；一口气take a deep breath 深吸一 口 气hold one,s breath 屏住呼吸out of breath上气不接下气catch ones breath 恢复呼吸You can see peoples9 breath on a cold day.冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。She took a deep breath.她做了 一次深呼吸。By mile 17,1 became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. （2018 匕京）跑到17英里的时候，我变得上气不接下气，
14、受伤的脚踝疼的要命。I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama（全景）.（2017 天津） 我停下来恢复呼吸，并找好位置去拍一幅最佳的全景照。27. revive /ri va工 v/vt.& vi.复活；（使）复苏survival n.生存;幸存 survive v.生存;幸存vitamin n.维生素vivid a.活泼的；生动的viva n.万岁vitamin n.维生素vivid a.活泼的；生动的viva n.万岁viv/vit/vig 生
15、活survivor n.幸存者revive v.复活 revival n.复活;复兴vital a.有活力的；重要的 vitality n.活力vigor n.精力 vigorous a.精力日王盛白勺Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.唐 ill 开始恢复元气，重新站起来。They managed to revive the injured driver at last.他们最终使受伤的司机苏醒了过来。The flowers soon revived in water.这些花见了水很快就活过来了。The e
16、conomy is beginning to revive.经济开始复苏。revival/ri vai vl/n.复活;复兴What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city?你认为是什么帮助唐山市的复兴?World trade is showing signs of revival.世界贸易正显示出复苏的征兆。Jazz is enjoying a revival.爵士音乐再度盛行。28. effort /efbt / n.努力词根词缀：ef（向外）+fort（力量）：向外用的力量努力。With strong support fro
17、m the government and the tireless efforts of the city, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。You should put more efforts into your work.你应该更加努力地工作。All my efforts ended in failure .我的一切努力最后都无济于事。A winner is one with a great effort of will.成功者是有着强大努力意志
18、的人。（2018北京）make an effort to do sth.努力做某事make every effort to do sth,竭尽全力做某事spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends.所以当我与朋友见面时，我努力做到守时。He was making an effort to control himself,他努力控制自己的情绪。These flowers, with or without human care, whether or not som
19、e people appreciate, always make every effort to open their flowers. 这些花儿，不管有没有人在意，不管是不是有人欣赏，总是要竭尽全力开出自己的花朵。Dear fellow students, let*s start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and eveiy minute!亲爱的同学们，让我们从现在起，每一天，每一小时，每一分钟，都不遗余力地做一点贡献！29. unify/ ju:ni fai / vi.&
20、vt.统一;（使）成一体unit n.单元;节 unity n.单;致union n.联盟，联合unite vt.联合，团结 一reunite vi.团聚，重聚universal a.普遍的，通用的universe n.宇宙（vers车专）university n.大学（兼收并蓄的的地方）Germany unified officially in 1990 ; Will the two Koreas unify?德国在1990年正式统一了；两个朝鲜能统一吗？The new leader hopes to unify tlie country.新领袖希望把国家统一起来。30. wisdom /
21、w工zdem/n.智慧；才智witch n.女巫wizard n.巫师Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.唐山市已向中国和世界其他地区证明：在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致, 展现智慧，保持积极的心态，重建更光明的未来。A man of great wisdom often appear
22、s slow .大智若愚。Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验为智慧之母。wise/wa工力adj.明智的；有智慧的She is a wise woman.她是一个智慧的女性。She made a very wise decision.她作了 一个非常明智的决定。Im wiser after ten years in the business.在商界混了十年之后，我变得聪明了。31. suffer / sa fo（r）/vt.遭受；蒙受Within a few days she had become seriously ill and suffered g
23、reat pain.几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍。The company suffered heavy losses last year.公司去年出现巨额亏损。vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦They suffered terribly when their son was killed.儿子遇难之后,他们悲痛欲绝。At least he died suddenly and didnt suffer.起码他死得很突然，没遭受痛苦。sufferfrom因而痛苦；患有（疾病等）He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read
24、 properly.他视力不好，再也不能正常阅读了。Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries.有些人被发现还活着，尽管他们受到了严重的伤。He appears to be strong and healthy, but he suffers from heart disease.他看上去强健,其实他患有心脏病。sufferer/ safm（r）/11 .受苦者；受难者；患病者This new cancer treatment offers hope to many sufferers.这新的
25、癌症治疗法给许多病人带来希望。suffering/ sa fori q/ n.痛苦；苦难We must bring suffering and hunger to an end in the world.我们必须结束世界上的苦难和饥饿。A man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears.害怕承受痛苦的人，他已经在承受害怕本身所带来的痛苦了。32. volcano/vol ke工 nou/ii.火山破拆法：vol（发声）+cano（加农炮）：发出加农炮一般的声音火山（喷发）vowel n.元音vocal a.有声的，
26、声音的Etna is Europes most active volcano.埃特纳山是欧洲最活跃的火山。There are more than 100 volcanoes in Japan.日本有 100 多处火山。34. supply/s9 plai /vt供应，供给n.供应；补给；pl.补给品supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.向某人提供某物Russia supplies the European countries with natural gas.=Russia supplies natural gas to the European c
27、ountries.俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。Our water supply has been cut off.我们断水了。Books were in short supply.书籍供应短缺。supply vt .供应提供s叩（上）reply vi.&n,回答;回应e（回）imply vt.暗示;意味着im（里）mu用ply vt.&vi曾加;繁殖multi侈）simpl
28、e a,简单的sim（相同）35. typhoon / ta I fu:n/n.台风音意相通：音译自汉语：台风Many homes were destroyed by the typhoon.许多房屋被台风摧毁。36. in the open air 露天；在户外on the air正在播报in the air在空中by the air坐飞机air n.空气；天空；样子in the open air 在露天put on airs装月空彳乍势up in the air 悬而未决air ones view发表观点People put up shelters in the open air.人们在户
29、外搭建庇护所。The film will be shown in the open air tonight.今晚电影在露天演。37. hurricane / hA ri kan / n .飓风破拆法：hurri（迅速）+cane（棍杖）助记：飓风来袭，像迅疾的棍杖肆虐着这个小镇。After the hurricane, many peoples homes were destroyed.飓风过后许多人的房屋被毁。38. survive /s vai v/词根词缀：sur（下）+vive（活）：活下去一生存，幸存vt幸存于Shes feeding the baby who survived th
30、e earthquake她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。Many birds didnt survive the cold winter.很多鸟死于这次严冬。She survived her husband by ten years.丈夫歹匕后她又活了 十年。vi.生存；存活Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中,只有两人活了下来。Companies must be able to survive in the marketplace.公司必须有能力在市场竞争中生存下去。Some strange
31、 customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。survive on依靠生存I cant survive on 40 a week. 一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。survivor /safvai va/ n.幸存者；生还者Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.幸存者们无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。Many firms will die, but the survivors will get stronger than before.许多公司将
32、会倒闭，但是幸存下来的会更强大。 survival /sa va工 vl/n存活； 幸存I think life is a struggle for survival.我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。If cancers are found early there*s a high chance of survival.如果癌症在早期发现的话,存活的几率会很高。39. power/ pauo（r）/n.力量；电力；权力音意相通：怕我 助记：我以前幼稚地以为，当我拥有权力后别人都会怕我。power cut/failure 断电/停电come to power上台执政out of power丧失
33、权力，在野power lines 电线nuclear/wind/solar power 核/风/太阳能There was no power at school last night. It was so dark.昨天晚上学校停电了，漆黑一片。As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。I think its important for China to raise its soft power.我认为中国增加软实力是很重要的。The Republican Party came to power in 2016.美国共和党是在2016 年
34、上台执政的。powerful/ pauM/adj.（指人）有权势的；有影响力的；（指物）强有力的His grandfather once was a rich and powerful man.他的爷爷曾经是一个有钱有势的人。China is wealthier and more powerful than ever before,中国比以往任何时候更加富有和强大。40. tap /taep/音意相通：拟声词，模拟轻拍、轻敲的声音vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍Someone tapped at the door.有人轻轻叩门。He was busy tapping away at his co
35、mputer.他埋头敲着电月窗键盘。He tapped me on the shoulder.他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。n,水龙头；轻叩；轻敲the hot/cold tap热水/冷水龙头He never drinks tap water.他从不喝自来水。Turn the tap on/off.打开/关上龙头。Don!t leave the tap running.别把水龙头开着白白流水。He felt a tap on his shoulder and tumed round.他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。41. pipe/pa工p/n.管子；管道；烟斗hot and cold wate
36、r pipes 冷、热水管The pipes are made of plastic .这些管子是用塑料制作的。piper/ pal pa/ n.管道工Super Mario is a famous piper.超级马里奥是一个著名的管道工。In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。42. whistle / wi si/音意相通：拟声词，模拟口哨声。vi.吹口哨；发出笛声The crowd whistled as the player came onto the fie
37、ld.那队员上场时，人群吹起了 口 哨。The kettle began to whistle.烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。n.哨子（声）；呼啸声He scored the winning goal just before the final whistl已他就在终场哨声前打进了 制胜的一球。He listened to the whistle of a train.他听着火车呼啸而过。43. emergency/i m3 :d3 3nsi / n.突发事件；紧急情况词根词缀：e（出）+merg（沉）+ency（名词后缀）:从沉没中突然浮出来突发事件。merge v.合并，融合emerge v.浮现
38、，出现immerge v.沉入，浸入merg/mers 沉/浸emergence n.浮现，出现submerge v.沉入，浸入emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况immerse vt.使:置入emergent a.紧急的；突发的；新兴的emergency room/exit 急诊室/紧急出 口Call an emergency number.拨打紧急电话We must keep as cool as a cucumber in an emergency.我们要在危急时刻保持镇定自若。This door should only be used in an emergency.这道门只能在
39、紧急情况下使用。44. calm /ka:m/adj.镇定的，沉着的stay calm保持镇定We should stay /keep/ remain calm in the face of danger,我们在危险面前要保持镇静.Vt.使平静，使镇定calm sb./sth. down使平静或镇定下来You will go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.去个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。He took a deep breath to calm himself down.他深吸了一 口气使自己平静下来。vi.平静，镇定Gradually I
40、 calmed down and lost my anxiety.我渐渐平静了 下来，忘掉了焦虑。辨析：calm(人)情绪镇定冷静的；(天气，海洋等)平静的quiet强调客观环境很安静或人性格文静silent强调人主观上不愿意说话still强调没有动作，静止不动e.g.Its a hot and calm day. Id rather stay at home than go out.天气炎热无风，我宁可待在家里也不想出门。In an emergency, she is always calm.在紧急关头，她通常很冷静。The street is quiet at midnight.深夜的街道
41、非常安静。The girl is quiet and popular.这个女孩很文静，很受欢迎。The man is very strange and silent.这个男人非常奇怪，而且少言寡语。When asked about the accident, he stayed silent 当被问起这起事故时,他保持了沉默。The still butterflies look like flowers.那些静止的蝴蝶看起来像花朵。I like to sit in front of the door and overlook the still/calm lake.我喜欢坐在门前,远眺平静的湖
42、面。45. aid /el d /n.援助；帮助；救援物资first aid 急救with the aid of在的帮助下economic/emergency aid 经济/紧急援助He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered.借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。vi.& vt. (formal)帮助；援助To aid the poor farmers, the government provided them with a lot of money.为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。46. sweep /sw
43、i:p/ vt. & vi打扫； 清扫(swept, swept)音意相通：四围扑 助记：用扫帚在四围扑打，清扫灰尘。Could you please sweep the floor?你扫扫地好吗？We slid on the ice.我们在冰上滑行。The door slid open,门慢慢开 了。She slid the door open 她滑开了门。slide into （使）滑入；溜进It seemed possible that the US and China could slide into some form of trade war.有可能中国和美国会陷入某种形式的贸易战
44、。The thief slid into the room.小偷悄悄溜进房间。landslide / Isendslai d / n. （landfall） ill 体垮塌；滑坡The village was destroyed by a landslide.滑坡摧毁了 村庄。The heavy rain caused the landslide.大雨引起山体滑坡。5. tsunami / tsu: na:mi / n海啸破拆法：t（turn转变）+sun（太阳）+a+mi（米粒）助记：在海啸中，太阳变成米粒般大小。Large earthquakes can cause powerful ts
45、unamis.大地震可以引起强烈的海啸。6. flood/flAd/n.洪水；大量The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。More than 70 people were killed in the flood. 70 多人因洪灾丧生。The river is in flood.河水泛滥。a flood of大量的He received a flood of thank-you letters.他收到大量感谢信件。vt.淹没；灌满The heavy rain flood the vi
46、llage.大雨淹没 了这个村庄。The afternoon light flooded the little rooms 午后的阳光洒满一间间小屋。vi.泛滥；大量涌入Water flooded in through the back door.水从后门涌进来。Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country.全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。erupt /irApt/ vi.& vt 爆发;喷出The couple volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.火山爆发后这对夫妇自愿帮忙。Swe
47、ep the leaves into the comer where they wont be noticed.把落叶扫到墙角去，那儿不会被人注意。sweep away消灭；彻底消除Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge wave.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被巨浪冲走了。The boy helped Mother sweep the dirt away.男孩帮助母亲清除尘土。Lets sweep away the broken glass.让我们把这些碎玻璃扫走。47. wave/we工v/n.海浪；波浪Cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake.汽车被强烈地震引起的巨浪冲走了。Children were playing in the waves.孩子们在海浪中嬉戏。vi.&vt.挥手；招手The people on the bus waved and we waved ba