《2021考研英语(一)真题及答案解析.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021考研英语(一)真题及答案解析.pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2021 考研英语（一）真题及答案解析 2021 考研英语（一）真题及答案解析 Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population.1,homelessness has
2、 reached such proportions that local government cant possibly 2.To help homeless people 3 independence,the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.Estimates 6 anywhere from
3、600,000 to 3 million._7_ the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is_8_.One of the federal governments studies _9_ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to _10_ this growing homeless populati
4、on has become increasingly difficult._11_when homeless individuals manage to find a _12_ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day_13_ the street.Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs
5、.And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others,_14_not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday _15_ skills needed to turn their lives _16_.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _17_ programs that add
6、ress the many needs of the homeless._18_ Edward Zlotkowski,director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,_19_it,“There has to be _20 _of programs.What we need is a package deal.”1.AIndeed BLikewise CTherefore DFurthermore 2.Astand Bcope Capprove Dretain 3.Ain Bfor Cwith Dtoward 4
7、.Araise Badd Ctake Dkeep 5.Agenerally Balmost Chardly Dnot 6.Acover Bchange Crange Ddiffer 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！7.ANow that BAlthough CProvided DExcept that 8.Ainflating Bexpanding Cincreasing Dextending 9.Apredicts Bdisplays Cproves Ddiscovers 10.Aassist Btrack Csustain Dd
8、ismiss 11.AHence BBut CEven DOnly 12.Alodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse 13.Asearching Bstrolling Ccrowding Dwandering 14.Awhen Bonce Cwhile Dwhereas 15.Alife Bexistence Csurvival Dmaintenance 16.Aaround Bover Con Dup 17.Acomplex Bcomprehensive Ccomplementary Dcompensating 18.ASo BSince CAs DThus 19.
9、Aputs Binterprets Cassumes Dmakes 20.Asupervision Bmanipulation Cregulation Dcoordination Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 In spite of“endless talk of difference,”American societ
10、y is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.This is“the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture.People are absorbed into“a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast
11、 arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.”these were stores“anyone could enter,regardless of class or background.This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”The mass media,advertising and sports are other forces for homogenizati
12、on.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.Writing for the National Immigration Forum,Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation.In 1998 immigrants wer
13、e 9.8 percent of population;in 1900,13.6 percent.In the 10 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！years prior to 1990,3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents;in the 10 years prior to 1890,9.2 for every 1,000.Now,consider three indices of assimilation-language,home ownership and inte
14、rmarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English“well”or“very well”after ten years of residence.”The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English.“By the third generation,the original lang
15、uage is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a graveyard”for language.By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent,higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and
16、Hispanics“have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation,one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics,and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of
17、 superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,yet“some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everythi
18、ng.But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past,todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line 2,Paragraph 1)most probably means_.A.identifying B.associating C.assimilating D.monopolizing 22.According to the author,the
19、department stores of the 19th century_.A.played a role in the spread of popular culture.B.became intimate shops for common consumers.C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._.A.are resistant
20、 to homogenization.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B.exert a great influence on American culture.C.are hardly a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of the population.24.Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A.To prove their popularit
21、y around the world.B.To reveal the publics fear of immigrants.C.To give examples of successful immigrants.D.To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the authors opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_.A.rewarding B.successful C.fruitless D.harmful Text 2 Stratf
22、ord-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the to
23、wnsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage,Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.They frankly dislike the RSCs actors,them with their long
24、hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus-and often take in Warwick Ca
25、stle and Blenheim Palace on the side-dont usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the towns revenue because they
26、 spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk dont see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stra
27、tford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banquet
28、ing Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year theyll do better.
29、)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratfords most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike(thoug
30、h they come from all over)-lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.F
31、rom the first two paragraphs,we learn that_.A.the townsfolk deny the RSC s contribution to the towns revenue.B.the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.C.the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.D.the townsfolk earn little from tourism.27.It can be inferred from Paragraph
32、3 that_.A.the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.B.the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.C.the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.D.the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Lines 2
33、-3,Paragraph 4),the author implies that_.A.Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.B.Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.C.the town is not really short of money.D.the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！29.According to the townsfolk,th
34、e RSC deserves no subsidy because_.A.ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.B.the company is financially ill-managed.C.the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.D.the theatre attendance is on the rise.30.From the text we can conclude that the author_.A.is supportive of both si
35、des.B.favors the townsfolks view.C.takes a detached attitude.D.is sympathetic to the RSC.Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals.They suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,a
36、nd were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from
37、 fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predat
38、ors(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80%within 15 years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas,it has halved again since then.Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has imp
39、roved.Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available 50 years ago.That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the
40、early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore,in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish
41、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe
42、the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fish
43、ery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_.A.large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.B.small species
44、survived as large animals disappeared.C.large sea animals may face the same threat today.D.Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 32.We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr.Worms paper that_.A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.B.there are only half as many fisherie
45、s as there were 15 years ago.C.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20%of the original amount.D.the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line 1,paragraph 3),Dr Worm means that_.A.fishing technology has improved r
46、apidly.B.the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.C.the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.D.the data collected so far are out of date.34.Dr Myers and other researchers hold that_.A.people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.B.fisheries should keep the yield
47、below 50%of the biomass C.the ocean biomass should restored its original level.D.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries _.A.management efficiency B.biomass level C.catch-size limits D.technological application.Text 4 Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists only 感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。