《拉丁美洲经济委员会-拉丁美洲和加勒比可持续发展的数字道路（英）-2022.11-107正式版.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《拉丁美洲经济委员会-拉丁美洲和加勒比可持续发展的数字道路（英）-2022.11-107正式版.pdf（107页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、A digital path for sustainable development in Latin America and the CaribbeanThank you for your interest inthis ECLAC publicationPlease register if you would like to receive information on our editorialproducts and activities.When you register,you may specify your particularareas of interest and you
2、 will gain access to our products in other digital path for sustainable development in Latin America and the CaribbeanJos Manuel Salazar-XirinachsExecutive Secretary Ral Garca-BuchacaDeputy Executive Secretary for Management and Programme AnalysisMario CastilloOfficer in Charge,Division of Productio
3、n,Productivity and ManagementSally ShawChief,Documents and Publications DivisionWork on this document was coordinated by lvaro Caldern,Chief of the Innovation and New Technologies Unit of the Division of Production,Productivity and Management of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Cari
4、bbean(ECLAC),with the collaboration of Filipe Da Silva,Valeria Jordn,Valeria Lobos,Georgina Nez,Alejandro Patio,Laura Poveda,Fernando Rojas and Sebastin Rovira of the same Division.This publication and the organization of the eighth Ministerial Conference on the Information Society in Latin America
5、and the Caribbean benefited from support from the Regional Facility for Development in Transition of the European Union.Neither the European Union nor any person acting on behalf of the European Union is responsible for the use that might be made of the information contained in this publication.The
6、opinions expressed are those of the authors only and should not be considered as representative of the opinion or position of the European Union.The boundaries and names shown on the maps included in this publication do not imply official acceptance or endorsement by the United Nations.Explanatory n
7、otes:-Three dots(.)indicate that data are not available or are not separately reported.-A dash(-)indicates that the amount is nil or negligible.-A full stop(.)is used to indicate decimals.-The word“dollars”refers to United States dollars,unless otherwise specified.-A slash(/)between years(e.g.2013/2
8、014)indicates a 12-month period falling between the two years.-Figures and percentages in graphs and tables may not always add up to the corresponding total because of rounding.This publication should be cited as:Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC),A digital path for susta
9、inable development in Latin America and the Caribbean(LC/CMSI.8/3),Santiago,2022.Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC),Documents and Publications Division,publicaciones.cepalun.or
10、g.Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization,but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction.United Nations publicationLC/CMSI.8/3Distribution:GCopyright United Nations,2022All rights reservedPrinted at Unite
11、d Nations,SantiagoS.22-00897Foreword3 A digital path for sustainable development in Latin America and the CaribbeanContentsForeword.7Chapter I Global change driven by digitalization.11A.The multiple dimensions of digital transformation.13B.Value creation and competitiveness in the digital era.15C.Th
12、e growing importance of digitalization in the global economy.17D.A new world order?.20E.Digitalization at the heart of productive developmentpolicies.23Bibliography.26Chapter II Infrastructure,connectivity and skills:the foundations for a sustainable and inclusive digital transformation.27A.Digital
13、infrastructure and connectivity in Latin America and the Caribbean.291.The digital and connectivity divides are increasingly decisive for development.302.Connectivity gaps in Latin American and Caribbean households remain factors of social exclusion and require a comprehensive approach.313.Connectio
14、n quality affects the use of data-intensive solutions and hinders the development of new productive capacities.334.The challenge of deploying fifth generation(5G)mobile networks.355.Proposals for closing access and quality gaps.37B.Digital skills for today and tomorrow.391.What are digital skills?.4
15、12.Skills for the adoption of digital technologies.423.The need to strengthen actions to increase and enhance digital skills.45Bibliography.46Chapter III Key factors for accelerating digitalization in Latin America and the Caribbean.47A.Digital transformation in the productive sector.491.Innovation
16、and entrepreneurship:the foundation of the digital economy.502.The digitalization of traditional sectors.523.Sectoral digital transformation.53B.The future of the labour market.581.Uneven risk of technological substitution of labour.592.The potential of digitalization to generate new jobs and occupa
17、tions.603.The new challenges of the digital transformation of jobs and occupations.624.Progressing towards a fair labour market and decent jobs in the future.64Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC)4ContentsC.Digital transformation of government.64D.Digitalization and the gre
18、en transition:the importance of an integrated approach.68E.Boosting innovation at the local level:smart cities.721.Advances in connectivity and opportunities for the deployment of advanced digital technologies.722.Institutional frameworks:an enabling condition for smart cities.74Bibliography.75Chapt
19、er IV Agendas,institutional framework and new partnerships for the digital transformation.77A.Tools to address the challenges of the digital age.791.Digital agendas as an organizing element.792.Emerging issues for a new generation of digital agendas.82B.Towards greater digital integration and cooper
20、ation.871.Critical factors for driving regional integration in the digital age.872.New digital partnerships and the strengthening of regional cooperation.93Bibliography.95Chapter V Policy recommendations.97A.Creating enabling conditions for a digital society for all.100B.Developing inclusive,smart d
21、igital solutions for well-being.101C.Fostering a sustainable digital transformation in the production sector.102D.Establishing appropriate governance for the digital age.102E.Strengthening regional digital cooperation and integration.103TablesTable II.1 Connection speed requirements by type of use.3
22、4Table II.2 Active commercial networks worldwide,by technology,March 2022.37Table III.1 Latin America and the Caribbean(12 countries):risk of technological substitution of employment,by sex,education level and age,simple averages,around 2015.60Table III.2 Global trends in digital and energy indicato
23、rs,2015 and 2021.70Table III.3 Buenos Aires,Mexico City,So Paulo and Bogot:connectivity infrastructure,public and private networks,2022.73Table III.4 Buenos Aires,Mexico City,So Paulo and Bogot:most-used advanced technologies,2022.73Table III.5 Buenos Aires,Mexico City,So Paulo and Bogot:digital ins
24、titutional frameworks,2022.74Table IV.1 Institutional considerations in the digital agenda.81Table IV.2 Latin America and the Caribbean(14 countries):adoption of sectoral digital agendas,2022.83Table IV.3 Latin America(10 countries):instruments for the adoption of digital technologies in smaller fir
25、ms,2022.85Table IV.4 Latin America and the Caribbean:progress on selected issues in the main economic integration mechanisms,2022.88Table IV.5 Considerations for a new institutional framework on data governance.93Table IV.6 Critical areas for digital cooperation.94Table IV.7 The“Europe fit for the d
26、igital age”strategy:spaces for cooperation.95FiguresFigure I.1 Internet users,connected Internet of things devices,and amount of data created and consumed in the world,20102021.17Figure I.2 Market values of the digital technology industry and of traditional industries,by segment,March 2010 and March
27、 2022.18Figure I.3 Internet of things platforms.195 A digital path for sustainable development in Latin America and the CaribbeanContentsFigure I.4 Market capitalization of publicly traded companies that operate Internet services and e-commerce platforms,by selected countries and regions,March 2010
28、and March 2022.21Figure I.5 Selected countries and regions:share of manufacturing value added in the world,19902020.22Figure I.6 Selected countries:patents for advanced digital technologies in the world,by segment,2021.22Figure II.1 Global broadband subscriptions,by region,2010 and 2021.30Figure II.
29、2 Latin America(12 countries):households with Internet connection in the highest(Quintile V)and lowest(Quintile I)income quintiles,latest available year.32Figure II.3 Latin America(15 countries):households with Internet connection,by place of residence(urban or rural),latest available year.32Figure
30、II.4 Connection quality:effective fixed broadband download speed,monthly average,June 2022.33Figure II.5 Connection quality:effective mobile broadband download speed,monthly average,May 2022.34Figure II.6 Latin America(9 countries):price-quality ratio of post-paid plans for entry into the fixed broa
31、dband market,September 2022.35Figure II.7 Market share of mobile technologies,20202025.36Figure II.8 Latin America(6 countries):monthly cost of the basic digital basket relative to the average monthly income of households in the lowest income quintile,September 2022.38Figure II.9 Internet exchange p
32、oints(IXPs),by region,August 2022.38Figure II.10 Selected countries:human capital and GDP per capita,2020 or latest available year.40Figure II.11 Latin America and the Caribbean and advanced economies(selected countries):main digital skills of the population over 15 years of age,2020.42Figure II.12
33、Latin America(5 countries):youth and adults with programming skills,by sex,2019 or latest year available.44Figure II.13 Relative penetration of artificial intelligence skills,20152021.45Figure III.1 Latin America and the Caribbean:monthly visits to websites and mobile applications,by category,Januar
34、y 2020August 2022.49Figure III.2 Latin America and the Caribbean:value of the digital industry compared with traditional industries,by segment,March 2010March 2022.50Figure III.3 Latin America and the Caribbean:unicorn companies,number of companies and market value,by industry,July 2022.51Figure III
35、.4 World:unicorn companies,number of companies and market value,by country and selected regions,July 2022.51Figure III.5 Argentina,Brazil,Chile,Colombia and Mexico:technology use in 2020.52Figure III.6 Latin America and advanced countries:proportion of direct intermediate digital inputs,by economic
36、sector.53Figure III.7 Brazil,Chile,Colombia and Mexico:new commercial websites,by category,20192021.54Figure III.8 Latin America:e-commerce,20192021.54Figure III.9 Latin America:traffic to local and cross-border e-commerce websites,by major platform,2021.55Figure III.10 World:share of trade in servi
37、ces provided in digital format in total international trade in services,by region,20052020.55Figure III.11 Brazil:main uses of digital technologies in the agriculture sector,2020.57Figure III.12 Argentina and Costa Rica:distribution of home-based work and telework,by labour income quintile,first qua
38、rter of 2020.63Figure III.13 Latin America and the Caribbean:United Nations e-Government Development Index(EGDI),2014,2016,2018 and 2020.65Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC)6ContentsFigure III.14 Latin America and the Caribbean(29 countries):digital governance ranking,202
39、1.66Figure III.15 Latin America and the Caribbean(29 countries):projects for digitalization of procedures,2021.67Figure III.16 Latin America and the Caribbean(29 countries):existence and status of digital projects in key areas,2021.68Figure IV.1 Existence of a national policy or master plan for info
40、rmation and communications technology(ICT)in 129 countries of the world.80Figure IV.2 Latin America and the Caribbean(16 countries):status of the national digital agenda,2022.80Figure IV.3 Latin America and the Caribbean(15 countries):institutional characteristics of the national digital agenda,2022
41、.82Figure IV.4 Latin America and the Caribbean(33 countries):Global Cybersecurity Index,2020.86Figure IV.5 Number of countries with cybersecurity awareness campaigns targeting small businesses,the private sector and government agencies,2020.87Figure IV.6 Latin America(15 countries):domestic and cros
42、s-border e-commerce,2021.89Figure IV.7 Latin America and the Caribbean(selected countries)and Europe(28 countries):Internet users who shop online,2019.90Figure IV.8 Digital Trade Restrictions Index,selected countries,20142021.90DiagramsDiagram I.1 Dimensions of digital development and their disrupti
43、ve effects on society,the productive sector and the State.14Diagram I.2 Digitalization and transformation of means of value creation.15Diagram I.3 Industry 4.0.16Diagram I.4 A systemic approach to digital policies for productive development.25Diagram III.1 Digitalization and employment trends.59Diag
44、ram III.2 Categories of digital platforms for goods and services,by type and scope of task.61Diagram III.3 The roles of digital technologies in the green transition.69Diagram III.4 Components and priorities of an action plan.71MapsMap I.1 Digital industrial policies and artificial intelligence strat
45、egies,May 2022.24Map II.1 Number of data centres,by country,2022.39Foreword7 A digital path for sustainable development in Latin America and the CaribbeanForeword9Over the two years that have elapsed since the Seventh Ministerial Conference on the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbe
46、an,which was held in virtual format in November 2020,major transformations in the digital sphere have gathered speed and become consolidated.The coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic generated a quantitative and qualitative leap,albeit a very uneven one,in the use of digital technologies by all acto
47、rs:governments,businesses of all sizes,education systems,households and individuals.It also showed how important digitalization has become for ensuring the continuity of all types of economic and social activity and enabling people not only to connect with family and friends,but also to exercise fun
48、damental rights such as work,education and health.The digital transformation transcends the current juncture and is generating new consumption and production models that are redefining the paradigms of growth and development.Much of humanity is connected today thanks to the rollout of network infras
49、tructure,the mass take-up of smartphones and the consequent access to information,social networks and audiovisual entertainment.The acceleration of technical progress in the digital realm has brought cloud computing,big data analytics,blockchain and artificial intelligence into peoples everyday use
50、of devices and applications.It has become increasingly evident that a digital society is not only more dynamic and productive but also more resilient,because it is more capable and flexible in its response to different kinds of shocks and crises.However,getting to this point requires building digita