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1、 1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句，如： She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 (主) (谓)2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如： The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主) (谓) (主)(谓) 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。3） 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：The fi
2、lm had begun when we got to the cinema.主句 从句我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。名词性从句名词性从句 名词从句 (Noun Clauses）: 在句子中起名词作用的句子。它的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句 1. 由连词that引导的主语从句。 That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。 2. 用连接代词或连接副词if, whether
3、 引导的主语从句。 1）What you need is more practice. 你所需要的是更多的训练。 2）Whatever we do is to serve the people. 我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。 3）When they will come has been unknown. 他们什么时候来还不知道。 4）Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。 宾语从句 1. ( 动词+ that/how/when/where等词充当宾语的句子 ）1）Do you know where he
4、lives? 2）You see in what ways the food of the plant is different from that of animals.表语从句 1.表语(一般是形容词，名词，跟在系动词(be)后面） 2.表语从句(be+that/what/how/when/where 从句）当表语用的句子 1）The problem is (how/when to get there) 2）Your first thought might be that a plant has leaves and roots and flowers.同位语从句1. 在复合句中用作同位语
5、的从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。2. 跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。 3. 英语中引导同位语从句的词有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。如：I heard the news that our team had won 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 l have no idea when he will be back 我不知道他什么时候回来。 He
6、 must answer the question whether he agrees to or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 1. 1. 引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词 连接词：that, whether, if 不充当从句的 任何成分 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 名词性名词性that-从句从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词
7、义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语，例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he was leaving for London Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来
8、谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人 不安。 2.名词性名词性wh-wh-从句从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。例如： 主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语： My q
9、uestion is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。3. if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Frida
10、y. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。2）选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheror not构成，如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I dont
11、 care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 注：注：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首e.g. Whether he will come is not clear. 2. 引导表语从句 e.g. The question is whether he will come. 3. 从句后有or not 4. 否定转移否定转移 1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词，后面宾语从句的
12、否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 I don t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 注：若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 1. He asked _for the violin.A. did I play how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. Can you make su
13、re _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 3. _she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 4. _ we are doing has never been done before.
14、 A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who6. _ people spend so much money on their pets _ us a lot. A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised7. _ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on _ we learn and _ we learn it. A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how