《李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（3）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（3）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】.docx（147页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Unit 1一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 7一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 1【助记】SU （在.下）+spect （看）一在下面偷偷地看
2、一怀疑【派生】suspected时,有嫌疑的solitude.独居；孤独，寂寞；与外界隔绝彳列句）The scientist has spent six months in the solitudes of the Antarctic.这位科学家已经在人迹罕至的南极待了六个月了。The night regressed into utter silence and solitude.黑夜重归孤寂。【助记】sol = sole孤独,itu助表示状态budget SbQdMit 预算，预算表；（有限制的）供应应.作安排，作预算规划，安排力.低廉的【例句】Next yearns budget will
3、 have to be drastically pruned.下一年度的预算将大幅度削减。【词组】budget for为作预算【助记】bud （芽）+get （获得）一在出芽前获得预算【派生】budgetary M.预算的involvev.（使）卷入，（使）陷入；包含，包围；涉及【例句】Dont involve other people in your trouble.别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。【词组】be involved in sth.陷入;专注【助记】in （使.）+volve （卷）一使卷入，涉及【派生】involvement几牵连；包含；混乱;财政困难requirement nS,
4、kwaiEiEit n. （for）需要，需要的东西；必要条件，必需品【彳列句They cannot （choose） but admit that our requirement is reasonable.他彳门不得不承 认我们的要求是合理的。self-sufficiencyn.自足，自负；独立性【例句】They have made great strides towards self-sufficiency.他们在自给自足方面已取得了 很大的进步。scale skc/7几刻度；天平，磅秤；比例尺；规模；音阶；鱼鳞过秤；重；攀登L The map was drawn to the stan
5、dard scale of 1:150 000.地图是按标准的 1 ： 150 000 的 比例绘制的。【词组】on a large/small scale大/小规模地in scale依比例on the scale of按的比例；以的规模scale up按比例放大；按比例增加【助记】scale买卖需要秤resist nSZst口抵抗,反抗；忍得住，抵制【例句】She could hardly resist laughing.她真忍不住要笑。【例句】Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理 论又为实
6、践服务。amidprep.在之中;被围绕【例句 1 Amid warm applause the honored guests mounted the rostrum.在热烈的掌声中贵宾们 登上了主席台。sake scik /?.缘故，目的【例句】For safetys sake, we postponed the meeting.为了安全起见,我们把会议推迟了。【词组】for the sake of看在.的份上，为了for sake of 为.without sake无缘无故【助记】记忆：sae-sea-海，K-机关枪，句：有谁想过机关枪不能在海中用的理由吗。sentimental 7se八
7、八切adj.多愁善感的；感情用事的【例句1 He has a sentimental attachment to his birthplace.他对他的出生地有眷恋之情。【搭配】sentimental value情感价值【助记】senti （情感，感觉）+ mental （精神）感情太多了一情感的，感伤性的,多情的undergo 7QndE5AE“ vt.经历，遭受；忍受【例句】The popular music star undergoes a revival of popularity.那个流行音乐歌星重新受到 普遍欢迎。【助记】unde （在下）+go一在苦难下行走一经受；组合词：und
8、er-gOoswift swi阳,快的（地）；敏捷的（地），立刻的n.雨燕例句He was swift to condemn the violence/in condemning the violence.他立即谴责了那种 暴力行为。【词组】swift （to do sth./in doing sth.）快的，迅速的，敏捷的【助记】同waft,音：速+微风，速度很快的微风【派生】swiftly 也很快地;敏捷地；即刻swiftness n.迅速，敏捷；快reassurancen.安慰的话；放心，使安心【例句】You should offer give her constant reassura
9、nce.你应该不断地帮她树立自信心。【搭配】provide some reassurance提供一些保证，使放心【助记】re反复，assure （也保证），ance：反复保证-安心bring back拿回来；使恢复；使.回忆起来【例句】Your article brought back sad memories for me.你的文章使我想起了伤心的往事。in a flash瞬间；立刻【例句】Five years have elapsed in a flash. 一晃就是 5 年。grateful SArCftfu( adj. (to, for)感激的；感谢的例句These refugees
10、are very grateful to the governmentns succor.这些难民非常感激政府的 救援。【词组】grateful for为而感谢【派生】gratefully也感激地；感谢地gratefulness n.感激，感恩insight Sinsart n.洞察力，见识【例句】The book shows de叩insights into human character.这本书显示了对人性极深的洞察 力。【词组】gain/have an insight into 了解，熟悉；看透,识破【助记】in里面+ sight看到里面，看到事情的本质的一洞察力being 5切:小/
11、.存在；本质;生命;人的.存在的；现有的【例句】The artist after all is a solitary being.艺术家毕竟是孤独的人。【词组】come into being出现，形成go about着手做；四处走动；传开；从事【例句】The way with which youll go about the task really matters.你做这件事要采用的方法 的确很重要。long ICN n.长时间;长音节。切.长的；过长的；做多头的证渴望,热望adv.长期地；始终【例句 jThese young lads are longing to go to watch t
12、he football match.这几个小伙子极想去观 看足球赛。【词组】long for渴望【派生】length九长度，长；时间的长短；（语）音长quote也引用,援引;报价引用【例句】He quotes the Bible.他引用圣经的话。【词组】quote from引用自【助记】音：括它，括号，引用时用括号括起来【派生】quotation n.引用语；引证paramount SpArEhQtmt adj.极为重要的例句Loyalty is a duty paramount to all others.忠诚比别的义务都重要。【搭配】of paramount importance最重要的b
13、e paramount to 比.重要【助记】源自para-超越+ mountain山，超越山颠stationery几（总称）文具；信纸【例句 J I bought some stationery and envelopes.我买了一些信纸和信封。【助记】station （位置）+ery一信封上要标明具体位置一文具。Text Bvolunteer vRlEiStiE .志愿者,志愿v.自愿（提供）【例句】He volunteered for guard duty.他自告奋勇地去站岗。【词组】volunteer to do sth.自愿的或无偿的效劳的人；志愿者【助记】追求她的志愿者（volun
14、teer）都想变成她的情人（Valentine） ohassle SkAsE/比激烈的争论；骚扰；困难，麻烦；激战乱找麻烦，搅扰；与.争辩；使烦恼vi.争论，争辩【例句】Its a real hassle to get this child to eat.使这孩子吃东西,真要费九牛二虎之力。【搭配】hassle with 口角，激烈地争论cut off切断；中断；使死亡；剥夺继承权【例句 1 The government announced a cut-off in overseas aid.政府宣布停止对外援助。home hEum几家；住宅；家乡;本国。的.家的；家乡的；本国的adv,在家，
15、回家enhancev.提高，增强，增进【例句J Those clothes enhanced her beauty.那些衣服使她更美丽。【派生】enhanced 的.加强的；增大的enhancement n.增加；放大favo （u） rable5fc2E/E仇.有利的；赞许的；讨人喜欢的【例句】He is favorable to the scheme他对该计画表示赞成。【词组】be favorable to赞成favorable price 优惠价格favorable location地利；位置优越under favorable conditions在有利的情形下；在适宜的条件下negat
16、ive 5八0A九负数；（摄影）底片；否定观点，否定回答。力否定的；消极的，反面的；阴性的vt.否定，拒绝（接受）【例句 1 He has a very negative attitude to his work.他的工作态度很消极。【词组】in the negative .否定的；反对的adv.否定地；反对地per pE: prep. 每；每一【例句】The fruit costs 30 pence per kilo.水果每公斤 30 便士。【词组】as per按照，依据，如同plain and simple 平淡朴素【例句】He does not like a plain and simp
17、le woman.他不喜欢简单乏味的女子。perceivev.感知，察觉；理解，领悟，意识到【例句】Did you perceive a red colour or a green one?你看出来是红颜色还是绿颜色？【词组】perceive sth. as sth.理解或领悟某事物；认为【助记】per （透过）+ceive （取）一透过感觉来拿一察觉。【派生】perception .知觉；生理感觉；看法;洞察力;获取out on a limb孤立无援；处于危险的境地compassionate kEMSpAFE八it adj.富于同情心的，有同情心的vL同情，怜悯【例句】She was all
18、owed compassionate leave from work to attend her father funeral. 她获准 丧假为父亲送葬。【搭配】compassionate attitude热诚态度【助记】com一起+ passion感情on a weekly basis 每周【例句】His refusal to agree left him out on a limb.他拒不表示同意，致使自己处于孤立地位。round up围捕；赶拢；使集拢；去以成整数【例句】It took the young couple a long time to round up enough mon
19、ey for a trip to Europe.这对年轻夫妇花了很长时间才攒足去欧洲旅行的一笔钱。right off the bat立亥立即; 马上【例句】Right off the bat you should have put two and two together.你本应该马上作出合理推 论的。apt Apt /.恰当的，适当的；易于的，有倾向的；灵敏的【例句1 Food is apt to deteriorate in summer.食物在夏天容易变质。【词组】aptto易于的；适当的【助记】近于appropriate适当的part with与.分开;舍弃【例句】Don9t part
20、 with your illusions.不要放弃你的幻想。consistency kE八5sistE八si n. 一贯；一致；稠度【例句】These accounts show no consistency.这些报导前后不一致。jot down草草记下彳列句Carry a notepad and pen or pencil with you to jot down ideas.随身带有记事本和钢笔或铅笔以记下你的主意。make a note of 把.t己下来例句T11 make a note of our next meeting in my diary.我将把下次会议的事记在我的记事簿
21、上。concrete SkCikn:t adj.具体的，有形的，实在的n.混凝土口.用混凝土修筑，浇混凝土，凝结【例句】That new concrete building is an abomination.那座新混凝土建筑是个讨厌的东西。【词组】in the concrete实际上，具体的【助记】Icon + create 一起产生，一起造出来的实实在在的实体【派生】concreteness九具体；具体性；确实impersonal iM5pE：sE八。不受个人感情支配的，客观的；没有人情味的，冷淡的【例句 J Giving people time to get to know one an
22、other will make the meeting less impersonal. 让大家有时间互相了解一下，会议的气氛就能亲切些。【助记】im不，person （九人，角色），al一没有个人感情的一冷淡的inevitable iiriSevitEbl adj.不可避免的，必然的【例句】Socialism is inevitable.社会主义是必然的。【助记】in （否定）+ evitable （可避免的）一不可避免的entry 5C八七力几登录，条目；通道；进入，入口；记载【例句】We at last gained the entry to the laboratory.我们最后获得了
23、进入实验室的权利。【词组】entry into进入，加入make an effort努力，作出努力【例句 J You should make an effort to improve your reading comprehension.你应该努力提高你 的阅读能力。on average平均；普通，通常【例句】We fail one student per year on average.我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。resonatev.（使）共鸣，（使）共振；对某人有重要性【例句】What are the issues resonating with voters?什么是投票者特别关心的问题
24、？【词组】resonate with回荡着【派生】resonance 力共振；共鸣；反响reach out 伸出【彳列名J J By day and by night It seemed they need only reach out to touch the sky.不分白天黑夜，他们似乎只要一伸手就可以碰到天空。gesture SdVestFE n.姿态，手势；表示也做手势，以手势表示【例句】He put his arm round her in a protective gesture.他用一只手臂围住她做出保护的姿 势。He gestured （to me） that it was
25、time to go.他向我示意该走了。【词组】make a gesture做手势，表示；做一个手势【助记】ge （哥哥）+s （死）+ture （真的）一哥哥装死的姿态真的很吓人【派生】gestural.手势的;示意动作的二、课文精解Text A.this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以火鸡为主的传统晚餐。本句使用了拟人的修辞手法。没有行动能力的时间被赋予了人的视觉，生动形象地表达出作 者的情感，让读
26、者感到所描写的物体显得更活泼、亲近，使文章更加生动形象。feature在这里是“以特色，以为重点的意思。1. Well, as any cook knows, its a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.当厨师的都知道，要烹制一顿大餐，摆上桌，再刷洗、收拾干净，是件 辛苦的事。本句中as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个句子。主句中，it作形式主语，真正的主 语是不定式 to cook and . put everything away。clean up清理；
27、治理；大捞一笔。例：The mayor is determined to clean up the city.市长决心清除市内的不良现象。You should always clean up the room.你应该经常清理房间。2. Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else一some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.可我脑子里似乎还在搜索着别的什么某种我能够赋予这一节日以个人意义的方式。本句话体现了渐进式的节奏，表现出了作者思维发展的过程
28、：从开始的不满足，到想要更多 一点，再到破折号之后的进一步明确“some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving”，使读者开始思想这种方式是什么。in quest of探寻,寻求；为了追求。例：They went to the cave in quest of hidden treasure.他们到山洞去寻找宝藏。He has come in quest of employment. 他来找工作。3. It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe
29、some key to an answer could resuit from reversing the word “Thanksgiving” at least that suggested a verbal direction. Giving thanks.大概过了半个小时左右我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把thanksgiving这个词的顺序颠倒 一下那样一来至少字面意义好懂了： Giving thankso本句话记录的是作者的思考过程。thanksgiving是名词，表示“感恩节”，而giving thanks则 是动名词短语，是一种行动，在这样一个节日去感谢帮助过我们的人是一个很有
30、意义的庆祝 节日的方式。4. After a while, like a dawns brightening, a further answer did comethat there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them. 过了 片亥U, 如同晨曦初现，一个更清晰的念头终于涌现脑际要感谢他人，那些赐我以恩惠，我根本 无以回报的人们。本句的主干是 a further answer did come。After a while 作时间状语，lik
31、e a dawns brightening 作方式状语，破折号之后的内容是同位语从句，解释说明answer,该从句中，people who had done . repay them是对people的补充说明，who引导定语从句，修饰people, that引导结果 状语从句。句中用助动词did来加强语气，表示强调。在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether, what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词弓I 导，常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, infor
32、mation, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion 等抽象 名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关 系，对其内容作进一步说明。例： The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。5. Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so m
33、uch as a simple, sincere Thank you-我一次也没有想过要对他们中的任何一位真心诚意地说一句简单的谢谢。本句是倒装句，为部分倒装。一些具有否定意义的词或词组置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语 外)，句子一般要使用部分倒装，即将主语和谓语更换位置。这类词或词组包括：not, little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, no more, no longer, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner. (than) , ha
34、rdly. (when) , not only. (but also) , not until. 等。例:No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我刚到家就下起 了雨。Seldom do I go to work by bus.我很少乘公共汽车上班。not so much as相当于not even.,通常译为“甚至不,甚至没有例：He did not so much as thank me.他甚至都没谢我。6. .I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation
35、and gratitude to my dad. Simon A. Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas我试图用真挚的文字表达我由衷的感激之情：父亲西蒙A黑利，阿肯色州派恩布拉夫那所历史悠久的农业机械师范学院的教授本句主语是 I tried composing. o genuine.dad 是 composing 的宾语。Simon A. Haley 和 a professor.Arkansas 是 dad 的同位语。主语try to do和try
36、 doing的区别。try to do表示“努力做某事 强调付出努力，但不一定成功；try doing表示“尝试做某事”， 含有“看结果如何”之意。例：Please try to finish this work in thirty miniutes.请尽量在 30 分钟完成这项工作。Why didnt you try riding a bike to go to school?为什么不试着骑车去学校呢？7. For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyho
37、od to love books and reading.例如，我父亲的最不寻常之处在于，从我童年时代起，他 就让我深深意识到要热爱书籍、热爱阅读。本句中，impress的含义是“使铭记，使牢记”。例：My father impressed on me the importance of hard work.我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要 性。8. My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.我对书籍的 热爱从未减弱，日后还引导我自己撰文著书。decrease指各种事物逐渐减少、逐渐
38、衰弱的过程。As he turned the knob, the sound diminished.他一转旋钮，声音就变小了。注意 diminish 与 decrease, lessen, reduce 的区别：diminish侧重大小、数量和重要性的不断减小，强调减小的部分。decrease指逐渐地、不断地减少。lessen普通用词，与decrease近义。指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少。reduce普通用词，含义广。指数量、程度的降低或减少。9. So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so
39、immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.多少次，当我看到如今的孩子们如此沉迷于电子媒体时，我不由深感悲哀，他们很 少，或者根本不了解书中所能发现的神奇世界。此处将状语So many times放在句首,表示强调。句子主干是I have felt a sadnessowhen引导时间状语从句，该从句中，when之后省略了 I am, 从句的主干是 I am exposed to modern chi
40、ldren； so immersed in the.in books 作定语， 修饰 children； that引导结果状语从句，该从句中，不定式to be discovered in books作定语，修饰 world osadness作为抽象名词时为不可数名词，但当抽象名词前后有修饰的词语表示“某一种”或某 一方面”的抽象概念时，其前面可有a/an。be exposed to 曝光,暴露。例：They were exposed to enemy attack on all sides.他们四面受敌。be immersed in 陷于，沉浸于。例:His brother was immer
41、sed in debts.他兄弟负债累累。The whole city was immersed in a festival atmosphere.全城沉浸在节 日 的气氛中。awareness of 意识到。彳列： Awareness of the cost of this economic stand-off is mounting.人们越来越意识到该地区经济僵局带来的损失。11.1 told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morn
42、ing school prayers.我告诉他，我后来所做的任何有意义的事，都至少部分地是受了 他那些学校晨祷的影响。本句的主干是I told him that。that引导宾语从句,作told的直接宾语。该宾语从句中, whatever 引导主语从句 whatever positive things I had done 作从句的主语。whatever作代词有两种用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等）， 二是引导让步状语从句。例：Put down whatever you are doing and join the party.放下你的工作，来参加聚会。（引导 宾语从
43、句）Whatever may happen, you must keep calm.不论什么事发生，你必须保持冷静。（引导让步 状语从句）12. In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.在给外祖母的信中，我谈到 了她用了种种方式教我讲真话，教我与人分享，教我宽恕、体谅他人。本句主干是 I reminded he
44、r of a dozen ways。定语从句 she used to teach me.others 修饰 wayso how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others 作 teach 的直接宾语。 remind可用“remind+主语+不定式”，表示“提醒某人做某事例：He reminded me to write the letter.他提醒我写信。remindof表示“某物或某人使我们想起过去，或是想起忘掉的事情”，of后加名词或动名 词。例：She reminded me of
45、writing the letter.她使我想起写过那封信。The smell of hay always reminds me of our old house in the country.甘草的味道总是令我想起了我们在乡村的老房子。remind的宾语后能接that或how引导的从句。例：He reminded me that I ought to do it at once.他提醒我应该现在就去做这件事。结构A remind B, C指“A在外貌上像C,因此使B见到A就想起C”。这个用法也适用于比 喻中。You remind me Marry.你和玛丽很像，见到你让我想起了她。He re
46、minded me of a monkey.他很像猴子，使我见了他就想起猴子。considerate体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的。常与of连用，构成词组considerate of,表示“体 谅，体贴例：This service is very considerate of the guests.这个服务对客人招待得十分周到。13. We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks
47、, my little personal experience receded.我们卸了货，又装了其他物品，随后我们按照熟悉的常规，再次出海。一天又一天，一星 期又一星期，我个人的经历渐渐淡忘。本句是由三个句子构成的并列复合句。第一个分句中，谓语动词由unloaded和reloaded构 成。第二个分句中，familiar to us作后置定语，修饰routine。第三个分句中，as引导时间状 语从句，表示“随着put to sea表示“初航，离港出海”,例：Now they are ready to put to sea for the first catch of the year.现在他们己为今年第一次捕 鱼做好出海准备。familiar to熟悉的,亲近的；通晓的。例：This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.我对这首摇篮曲很熟悉。14. Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topm