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1、中考专项复习专题十二中考专项复习专题十二状语从句状语从句什么是状语？什么是状语从句？什么是状语？什么是状语从句？He left his hometown ten years ago.用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，即为状语即为状语(adverbial modifier)。He left his hometown when he was a teenager.由句子来充当状语的成分，即为由句子来充当状语的成分，即为状语从句。状语从句。主语 谓语宾语状语u陈述句语序u时态u引导词 状语从句同状语从句同副词、介词短语副词、介词短语等作状语一
2、样，用等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语或整个句子，说明它发生的于修饰谓语或整个句子，说明它发生的时间、地点、时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、目的、结果方式、条件、原因、目的、结果等，即等，即在复合句中，在复合句中，状语从句有其不同的种类和意义。状语从句有其不同的种类和意义。状语从句 分类 说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。时间状语从句可以由以下连词或词组引导When When“当当当当的时候的时候的时候的时候”uu既可指时间段，也可指时间点既可指时间段，也可指时间点既可指时间段，也可指时间点既可指时间段，也可指时间点uu从句中既可用从句中既可用从句中既可用从句中既可用延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词延续性
3、动词，又可用，又可用，又可用，又可用非延续性非延续性非延续性非延续性动词动词动词动词 uu动作既可和主句的动作动作既可和主句的动作动作既可和主句的动作动作既可和主句的动作同时发生同时发生同时发生同时发生，又可在主句的，又可在主句的，又可在主句的，又可在主句的动作之前动作之前动作之前动作之前或或或或之后之后之后之后发生发生发生发生WhileWhile“在在在在期间期间期间期间”uu只能表示一段时间只能表示一段时间只能表示一段时间只能表示一段时间uu引导的引导的引导的引导的从句从句从句从句只能是只能是只能是只能是延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词uu只能与主句中的谓语动词只能与主句中的谓语动
4、词只能与主句中的谓语动词只能与主句中的谓语动词同时同时同时同时发生或存在发生或存在发生或存在发生或存在When&While When&While 巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析When A did sth,B was doing sth.When A did sth,B was doing sth.A did sth when/while B was doing sth.A did sth when/while B was doing sth.A was doing sth when/while B was doing sth.A was doing sth when/while B was doi
5、ng sth.eg.1._ Tom was watching TV,his wife was cooking.2._ Mary went into the classroom,Vivi was reading.3.Mary went into the classroom,_Vivi was reading.When&While When&While 巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析巧辨析While/WhenWhenwhile/whensince 巧记巧记巧记巧记“自从自从.时候开始到现在为止时候开始到现在为止”，现在完成时态的标，现在完成时态的标志词之一。志词之一。A has/have done sth s
6、ince B did sth.A has/have done sth since B did sth.A has/have done sth since+A has/have done sth since+过去时间点过去时间点eg.I _(make)many friends since I _ I _(make)many friends since I _(come)here.(come)here.have madecame辨析：辨析：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于引导时间状语从句用于肯定句肯定句时，时，主句的动主句的动词是延续性动词词是延续性动词，表示动作，表示动作/状态一直持
7、续到状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止停止”。We waited until he came.2.用于用于否定句否定句时即时即not.until.，主句谓语，主句谓语动词是非延动词是非延续性动词，续性动词，意为意为“直到直到.什么时候才什么时候才.”He didnt go to bed till/until his mom returned home.“延肯瞬否延肯瞬否”注意时态问题：1.主过从过 2.主现从不限 3.主将从现 I will call you as soon as Tom gets h
8、ome.1.Its quite common in Britain to say“Thank you”to the drivers _people get off the bus.A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.when2.-How long have you lived here?-I have lived here _I was two years old.A.beforeB.untilC.becauseD.since3.I ll send you an e-mail as soon as I _in Canada.A.arriveB.am arrivingC.arrived
9、D.will arrive4.-What was your brother doing at this time yesterday?-He was reading a magazine_I was writing an e-mail at home.A.beforeB.untilC.whileD.since表示地点、表示地点、方位，方位，这类从句通常由这类从句通常由where,wherever引导，译为引导，译为“哪里哪里哪里就哪里就”或或“的地方的地方”。u Go back where you came from.你从哪儿来的回哪儿去吧！你从哪儿来的回哪儿去吧！u Where there
10、is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。u You can take a walk wherever you like to.你想去哪就去哪散步吧！你想去哪就去哪散步吧！用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句。从属连词用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句。从属连词主要有：主要有：because,since,for,as 等。原因状语从句原因状语从句 考点梳理考点梳理ubecause:回答回答why引导的疑问句，一般位于主句后；引导的疑问句，一般位于主句后；He didnt come to school because he was ill.uas:语气较
11、弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显；语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显；As it is raining,we shall not go to the zoo.usince：表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的：表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然既然”。Since you cant answer the question,Ill ask someone else.ufor:并列并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。The oil must be out,for the light went
12、out.ubecause和和so不能同时用在一个句子里不能同时用在一个句子里ubecause和和because of的区别：的区别：because后面跟后面跟从句从句；because of后面跟后面跟名词、代词、动名词名词、代词、动名词等。等。He is late for school because it rains heavily.He is late for school because of the heavy rain.巧辨析巧辨析1.I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.A.s
13、inceB.becauseC.thatD.because of2.She found her wallet _ she lost it.A.where B.when C.which D.that3.We must camp _ we can get water.A.whereB.when C.whichD.what4.He didnt go to work _ the heavy rain.A.because B.because ofC.sinceD.so表示条件，常用的连接词表示条件，常用的连接词:if,unless,as long as(只要只要)等等。注意：注意：条件状语从句也像时间状语
14、从句一样，如果主条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。（句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。（主将从主将从现现）eg.We will go to the party if we are invited.if&unless 巧辨析巧辨析 unless=if.not,“如果不如果不.”。eg.You will fail unless you study hard.=You will fail if you dont study hard.1.Youll be late_you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A.if
15、B.when C.before D.until2.If you_him tomorrow,please ask him if he_to work on the farm with us.A.see;goes B.will see;goes C.will see;will go D.see;will go 3.You cant learn it well _ you work hard.A.unless B.if C.since D.because4._ we try hard,we will make it.A.Because B.Unless C.As long as D.For常由常由s
16、o that,in order that,so 等词引导，常等词引导，常含有情态含有情态动词动词(may/might/shall/should/will/would/can/could)，常放于主句之后。常放于主句之后。1.1.他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。He spoke slowly in order that everyone could understand him.注意：in order that后接句子，in order to后接do sth.。表示一种结果，常用的连词：表示一种结果，常用的连词：sothat;suchthat表示表示“如此如此以至于以至于”。
17、sothat：1.so+形容词副词形容词副词that 2.so+形容词形容词a(an)单数名词单数名词that 3.somany/much/few/little(多多少少多多少少)复数名词复数名词/不可数名词不可数名词+that suchthat：1.sucha(an)形容词可数形容词可数名词单数名词单数that2.such形容词形容词复数名词不可数名词复数名词不可数名词that巧辨巧辨so&such1.His mother was _ busy _ she cant look after Tom.A.so,that B.such,that C.very,that D.too,to2.He w
18、as _ angry that he couldnt say a word.A.so B.too C.very D.much3.There is _ little money that I cant buy the shirt.A.suchB.so C.much D.many4.He was _ a little boy that everyone takes care of him.A.so B.such C.many D.much 小口诀小口诀名词名词suchsuch形副形副soso，多多少少还用多多少少还用soso；LittleLittle一词有多解；一词有多解；小用小用suchsuch
19、，少用，少用soso。让步状语从句，表示让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使虽然，尽管，即使”等概念，等概念，常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though/although;even though(if);whether.or.;no matter+疑问词疑问词/疑问词疑问词-ever等。等。注意：注意：though/although;even though(if)意义相近，但意义相近，但是不能和是不能和but连用。连用。whether.or.“不论是否不论是否.，不管是，不管是.还是还是.”由一个复合连词引导让步状语从句，说明正反两方面由一个复合连词引导让步状语从句，说明正反两方面的可能性都
20、不影响主句的意向或结果。的可能性都不影响主句的意向或结果。You will have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.考点诠释考点诠释 no matter+疑问词，疑问词疑问词，疑问词-ever 均可均可引导让步状语从引导让步状语从句时句时。No matter what happened,he would not mind.=Whatever happened,he would not mind.而而“疑问词疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句还可以引导名词性从句 Ill eat whatever you give me.(
21、宾语从句宾语从句)考点诠释考点诠释1.Kate went to school _ it rained heavily yesterday.A.though B.if C.but D.since2.Home is always the warmest place,_we go.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever 常由常由as(按照按照)，as if/as though（似乎、好像）（似乎、好像）等词引导。等词引导。考点诠释考点诠释 1.as“按照，正如按照，正如”，引导的从句常位于主句后。，引导的从句常位于主句后。Please do as wh
22、at I told you.考点诠释考点诠释2.as if/as though “仿佛仿佛.似的，好像似的，好像.似的似的”He sounds as if/though he has got a sore throat.注意：注意：as if/though也可以引导一个分词短语或不定式短语。也可以引导一个分词短语或不定式短语。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，好像要说些什么。他清了清嗓子，好像要说些什么。比较状语从句，常由比较状语从句，常由than/as.as/the more.the more等词等词引导引导;比较状语从句
23、后面的主语，在口语中，常可省略；比较状语从句后面的主语，在口语中，常可省略；比较连词比较连词前后的结构要一致。前后的结构要一致。than:表表两者两者的比较；的比较；as.as:同级比较；同级比较；as和和as间要加间要加形容词或副词的原级形容词或副词的原级；the more.,the more.:越越.,就越就越.考点诠释考点诠释1.肯定句中，用肯定句中，用“as+原级原级+as”句型；句型；否定句中否定句中，用，用“not as/so+原级原级+as”句型句型 Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen.I can not jump as/so high as J
24、im.考点诠释考点诠释2.表示甲超过表示甲超过/不及乙时，用不及乙时，用“比较级比较级+从句从句”（从句中常（从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分）省略意义与主句相同的部分）He jumps higher than you(do).考点诠释考点诠释3.注意：表注意：表“越来越越来越.”的两个句型：的两个句型：1).比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级 The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful.2).the+比较级比较级.,the+比较级比较级.The harder you study,the more you can learn.1.He
25、 doesnt work so hard _ you do.as2.The more you do,_(good)youll become.the better3.She did worse in the test_she expected.than1.I will call you when I see him.2.If you try it,you will like it.3.Where there is water,there is life.4.Because he likes the game,he works hard.5.He works hard so that he can
26、 win.6.Even though he wins,he is not happy.7.They tried their best,so they won.8.Please state the fact just as they are.9.He runs faster than his father does.时间时间状语从句状语从句条件条件状语从句状语从句地点地点状语从句状语从句原因原因状语从句状语从句目的目的状语从句状语从句让步让步状语从句状语从句结果结果状语从句状语从句方式方式状语从句状语从句比较比较状语从句状语从句123理解状语从句的含义理解状语从句的含义;熟记状语从句引导词熟记状语从句引导词;牢记状语从句用陈述句语序；牢记状语从句用陈述句语序；注意易混连词的辨析及用法注意易混连词的辨析及用法;掌握状语从句与时态的结合考查掌握状语从句与时态的结合考查;重点掌握常考的引导词：重点掌握常考的引导词：when/if/so that等等;Thanks东营市实验中学吴小梅名师工作室