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1、状状 语语 从从 句句讲讲 练练 表示时间、地点、原因、目的We sleep at night at home.必须符合“从句的三个必须”必须是句子；必须有连接词；必须是陈述句 请参考本网站请参考本网站“简单句结构简单句结构-主谓宾主谓宾”、“从句基础篇从句基础篇从句的三个必须从句的三个必须”视频视频定义v状语从句v状语从句同副词，介词词组等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语修饰谓语，说明谓语动作的时间，地点，方式，手段，条件，程度，比较，原因，目的，结果等1.Igetupat6:002.Itisdark3.Igetupwhenitisdark用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。引导状语从句的关联词是用作状语的
2、从句叫做状语从句。引导状语从句的关联词是一些从属连词。一些从属连词。v例：vWhenyoucrosstheroad,youmustbecareful.当你过马路时要小心。（when是从属连词）vIwaslatebecauseImissedthebus.我迟到了，因为我误了公共汽车。（because是从属连词）.vIfsheasksme,Illtellher.她如果问我，我就告诉她。（if是从属连词）vYoulookasifyouneedarest.v你像是需要休息似的。（asif是从属连词）.状语从句状语从句状语从句的种类状语从句的种类1、时间状语从句when,while,assoonas,s
3、ince,until,before,after2、条件状语从句if3、结果状语从句sothat4、比较状语从句than5、原因状语从句because6、让步状语从句although,though7、地点状语从句where前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型，从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型，每种句型分别对应独特的句式每种句型分别对应独特的句式What were you doing when the UFO arrived?What are you doing when t
4、he UFO arrives?I would leave if he came.I will leave if he comes.The train had been away when I arrived.过去配过去过去配过去过去配过去过去配过去现在配现在现在配现在现在配现在现在配现在前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型，从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型，每种句型分别对应独特的句式每种句型分别对应独特的句式过去类：过去类：.过去进行过去进行 when 一般过去一般过去现
5、在类：现在类：现在进行现在进行 when 一般现在一般现在过去类：过去将来过去类：过去将来 when 一般过去一般过去现在类：一般将来现在类：一般将来when 一般现在一般现在过去完成过去完成 when 一般过去一般过去当我在开车时，她在玩滑板车。当我在开车时，她在玩滑板车。WhileIwasdriving,shewasplayingthescooter.时间状语时间状语从句从句v(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：vItwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyes
6、terday.vWhilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.vAshewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.vHehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.vAfterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.v(2)在时间状语从句里，主句为将来时，从句在时间状语从句里，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时用一般现在时vIllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.vIwilltellhimeverythingw
7、henhecomesback.vHewontbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.v（3）若就时间状语从句提问，应用若就时间状语从句提问，应用when 来来提问。提问。如：vWhileweweresweepingthefloor,thebellrang.(就划线部分提问 while/when辨析辨析vwhen/while+doingvWhen/whilereading,hefellasleep.vwhen+终止性、延续性动词终止性、延续性动词vwhile+延续性动词延续性动词vWhentheteachercamein,Iwassleeping.v=While
8、/WhenIwassleeping,theteachercamein.vwhen(就在这时就在这时)vIwassleeping,whensomeoneknockedatthedoor.vwhen表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。vWhenIgothome,myfamilywerealreadyhavingdinner.v我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。v（when表示点时间）vWhentheywerestilltalkingandlaughing,theteachercamein.v当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）vHewavedahellow
9、henhesawher.v当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（when表示点时间）vWhenyouthinkyouknownothing,youbegintoknowsomething.v当你认为自己一无所知的时候，就开始知道一些事情了。（when表示段时间）v当when意思是正当时候（andatthatmoment）时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。vHewasabouttogotobedwhenthedoorbelrang.v他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。vTheywerewatchingtheWorldCupwhensuddenlythelightswentout.v他们正看着世界杯比赛，
10、突然灯灭了。vTheyhadjustarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.v他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。vwhile通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。vStrikewhiletheironishot.v趁热打铁。vShefellasleepwhileshewasreadingthenewspaper.v她在看报的时候睡着了。vwhile有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。vIamfondofEnglishwhilehelikesmaths.v我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。vWesleptwhilethecaptainkeptwatch.v我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。
11、while的其他含义：WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.(while=_)While I really dont like art,I find his workimpressive.(while=_)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=_)whenalthoughas long as but as:当时；一边一边；随着某事一发生，另一事立即发生两个动作同时发生As the day went
12、on,the weather gotworse.As the captain passed me,I askedhim whether there was any hope of saving the ship._hehadfinishedhishomework，hetookashortrest_hewalkedalongthelake，hesanghappily._shewastypingtheletter,thetelephonerangwhen，as，while区别区别whenwhileasWhenAsWhile 时间点时间点 延续性动词延续性动词“一边一边.一边一边”时间时间段段 终止
13、性动词终止性动词 before在前ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.It wont be half a year before we meetagain.Wesailedfourdaysandnightsbeforewesawtheland.Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.肯定句 “才”否定句 “就”it will be+一段时间 before.多久之后才.it wont be+一段时间 before.不久就.till,until和notuntil：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表
14、示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：We waited until he came.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如He wont go to bed till/until she returns.1._hecomesheretomorrow,Iwillcallyou.2._hewaswalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.3.Shesang_sheworked.4.Therewasanapplause_sheappearedonthestage.WhenW
15、hile/Whenasas soon as5.Itwontbelong_hefinisheshiswriting.6._hehadfinishedhiswork,heleftthere.7.Itistwoyears_hecamehere.8._shetoldme,Ihadnoideaofwhattheyhadsaid.beforeAftersinceEvery time/each timeUntil 练习练习:1.Ill write to you _ I get there.A.while B.before C.as soon as D.by2.He has lived in the city
16、 _ he came back from America.A.when B.before C.since D.after3.We wont leave here _ our teacher comes back.A.until B.since C.after D.as soon as4.I had to finish the picture _ my mother came back.A.until B.before C.after D.while5.John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.A.after B.before C.whil
17、e D.as soon as 中考题型时间状语从句时间状语从句2.地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句由 where,wherever 等引导。例如：You can take a walk wherever you like to.-Mom,what did your doctor say?-He advised me to live where the air is fresher?我扁你是因为你又偷我的菜。我扁你是因为你又偷我的菜。Ibeatyoubecauseyoustolemyvegetablesagain.原因状语原因状语从句从句3.3.原因状语从句原因状语从句v原因状语从句通常由b
18、ecause,as,since,nowthat,considering(that),seeing(that)等词引导。vbecause语气较强，用以回答why问句vas语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显。vsince语气较弱，常表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”。1._hewasill,hedidntgotoschool.2._youdonotunderstand,Iwillexplainagain.3.Asshewaslateforclass,shehadtosaysorry.4.Hemustbeill,_heisabsenttoday.BecauseSinceNow thatfor
19、6.Ieatpotatoes_Ilikethem.我吃土豆是因为我喜欢土豆。7._Ididntknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman.我由于不知道路，因而问警察。8._youwonthelpme,Illasksomeoneelse.你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮我。becauseAsSince 1.I didnt buy the dictionary yesterday _ my aunt would give me one.A.until B.because C.if D before2.-Why did you come to school late this morning
20、?-_ I watched the football World Cup until 12 oclock last night.A.If B.Because C.Since D.Though中考题型 总结：总结：重点掌握重点掌握because 的用法的用法（注：（注：because 和和so 不能同时用在一个句子中）不能同时用在一个句子中）原因状语从句原因状语从句他是一个如此搞笑的人以至于我他是一个如此搞笑的人以至于我们大家都笑啦。们大家都笑啦。Heissuchafunnymanthatwealllaugh.结果状语从句结果状语从句4.4.结果状语从句结果状语从句v结果状语从句常用sothat
21、,suchthat等关联词引导。e.g.vHeissoyoungthathecantgotowork.他如此小以致于他不能上班。vHegotsolittlepaythathisfamilyhadtoliveonwelfaremoney.他工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。vItssuchagoodchancethatwemustntmissit.机会这样好，我们决不能失掉。sothat,sothat,suchthatvsothat“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。表结果。sothat“如此的以致于”表
22、结果。该结构常见于：1.so+形副that2.so+形a(an)单数名词that3.somany/much复数名词（不可数名词）+thatvsuchthat“如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于：1.sucha(an)形名词that2.such形复数名词不可数名词thatvsothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：vSpeakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)vJackisb
23、adlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)vIt was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.v=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.vIt is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.v=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.vHe had such lon
24、g arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.vSoon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.vHe has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.v记：记：注：名词前由注：名词前由many，much，little，few等词等词修饰时，用修饰时，用so，不用，不用such我做这个动作是为了站稳。我做这个动作是为了站稳。IdothisactioninorderthatIcanstandstill.
25、目的状语从句目的状语从句 5.5.目的状语从句目的状语从句v目的状语从句常由sothat,inorderthat等词引导，目的状语从句常用助动词may（might）,shall（should）,will（would）,can(could)。目的状语从句常放于主句之后，例：vSpeakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。vHespokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand.他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。1.Theysetoutearly_theymightarrivethereintime.2.
26、Takeyourraincoat_itshouldrain.3.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetree_hisfathershouldseehim.so that(in order that)in casein case/for fear that4.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat5.Youdbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor_youhavetowai
27、t.A.evenifB.asifC.incaseD.inorderthatIftheroachesdontdie,Illdie.条件状语从句条件状语从句不许动，除非我允许你动不许动，除非我允许你动。DontmoveunlessIallowyoutomove.主将从现主将从现He wont be late unless he is ill.vHurry up,or youll be late.v=If you dont hurry up,youll be late.“祈使句祈使句+and（or）+陈述句陈述句”=条从条从vStudy hard and you will pass the exam
28、.v=If you study hard,you will pass the exam.6.6.条件状语从句条件状语从句v条件状语从句表示条件，关联词常用if或unless,as(so)longas.if,once,as/solongas，asfaras，unless等。等。vIfitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.明天如果下雪，我们就堆雪人。vYoullcatchacoldunlessyouputonyourcoat.你会感冒的除非你穿上大衣。vHewilldoanythingaslongasitisinteresting.只要有趣，他什么都愿意干。1._
29、youtouchanEnglishperson,youshouldsay“sorry”.2._theyaredirty,certainseasarenotabletocleanthemselves.3._wedontloseheart,wellfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.4._Iknowyoushouldnthaveanyproblemthere.IfOnceAslongasAsfaras Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A.if B.when C.before D.untilIf
30、 he _ on time,we will go without himA.doesnt come B.dont comeC.didnt comeIf you _ him tomorrow,please ask him if he _ to work on the farm with us.A.see;goes B.will see;goes C.will see;will go D.see;will go中考题型总结：总结：条件状语从句考的频率比较高，主要考查条件状语从句考的频率比较高，主要考查if 连词和连词和if引导的从句与主句的时态（主将从现引导的从句与主句的时态（主将从现）条件状语从
31、句条件状语从句如果如果是否是否 7.7.让步状语从句让步状语从句v让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等概念，常用的关联词有：though,although,eventhough等。vThoughhewasill,hewasstillworking.他虽然有病，但仍然继续工作。vAlthoughitisdifficult,weshalldoit.此事虽难，但我们还是要做。vEventhoughyousayso,Idonotbelieveit.即使你这样说，我也不信。注：vthough和although可以互换，只是although比较正式。vthough不可以与连词but连用，但可以与yet
32、，still连用，例：vThoughheworkedhard,hecouldntpasstheexam.虽然他很努力，但还是没通过考试。v(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：vThoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.vAlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.v(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：v我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.v应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwas
33、raininghard,buthestillwentout.1._he is old,heworkshard.2._you say so,I dontbelieveit.3.Smart_heis,hedoesntstudyhard.4.Theoldtowermustbesaved,_thecost.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whereverAlthough /Though Even though(even if)as8.比较状语从句v比较状语从句常用than或asas，themorethemore等引导。than表示两者的比较，asas表示程度相同的比较；
34、Themorethemore表示”越越”。例：Thatbookismoreinterestingthanthisone.那本书比这本有趣。HerunsasfastasI（do）.他和我跑得一样快。ThemoreIseehim,thelessIlikehim.我越看他就越不喜欢。1.Hedoesntworksohard_youdo.2.Themoreyouworry,_youllsucceed.3.Shedidworseinthetest_sheexpected.asthe lessthan9 9.方式状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句由 as,as if,as though 等引导。例如:You
35、 can do it as what I just did.I couldnt moved my legs.It was as if they were stuck to the floor.He sounds as though he s got a sore throat.注：1v比较状语从句后面的主语在口语中常用宾格。v如果后面的句子主语为主格时，可以加助动词、情态动词等。vHecanjumphigherthanIcan.他能比我跳得高。vHecamelaterthanLiLeidid.他比李磊来得晚。注：2becauseof和because的区别becauseof后加名词代词或动名词，
36、不加句子，而because加句子，例：vBecauseofhisillness,hedidntgotowork.因为生病，他没上班。vBecausehewasill,hedidntgotowork.在条件和时间状语从句中，如果主句用将来时，从句常用一般现在时。If it doesnt rain,well go fishing.明天不下雨我们就去钓鱼。As soon as he comes back,Ill let him know it.他一回来，我就让他知道这事。if构成条件从句时意为“如果”，可以放句首也可以放主句后；构成宾语从句时意为“是否”，一般放主句后。例如:vIdontknowif
37、hewillcometomorrow.（宾从）我不知道他明天是否来。vIfhecomes,Illtellyou.（Illtellyouifhecomes.）如果他来，我会告诉你。1.I will give the ticket to him _(我一见到他我一见到他)2.The foreign friends have visited a lot of cities _(自从他们自从他们到中国以来到中国以来)3.Mr Green wont go _.(直到你回来直到你回来)4.I could ride a bike _.(当我当我10岁时岁时)5.I began to do some draw
38、ing _(我完成作业后我完成作业后)6.He has to send his daughter to school _(他上班之前他上班之前)as soon as I see him since they came to Chinauntil you come backwhen I was 10 years oldafter I finished my homeworkbefore he goes to work1.他一到家，我就告诉他这件事。他一到家，我就告诉他这件事。I will tell him about it _2.我喜欢吃苹果，因为这对我的健康有好处。我喜欢吃苹果，因为这对我的健
39、康有好处。I like to eat apples _3.他和汤姆跑的一样快。他和汤姆跑的一样快。He _ Tom.4.Jack太穷，他买不起这本书。太穷，他买不起这本书。_ couldnt buy the book.5.直到爸爸回来他才读完这本书。直到爸爸回来他才读完这本书。_ his father came back.根据中文完成句子根据中文完成句子 He didnt finish reading the book untilbecause its good for my health.runs as fast as Jack was so poor that heassoonashege
40、tshome.【模拟试题模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）（）1.Didhetellyou_attheschoolgate?A.whohewaitedforB.whoishewaitingC.whodidhewaitforD.whohewaswaiting（）2.Doyouknow_?A.whoisheB.whatheisC.whatisheD.whoheisA D（）3.I dont know _.A.where does he come from B.where he does come from C.where he come from D.where he comes from（）4.E
41、xcuse me.Could you tell me _ get to the plane?Certainly.Go straight along here.A.how can we B.how we can C.where can we D.where we can D B（）5.The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A.whichB.where C.howD.when（）6.Do you know _ after school every day?A.what does he do B.he does what C.what
42、 he does D.does he do what A C（）7.Have you decided _ with me?A.who will you go B.who will go C.who went D.who did you go（）8.He asked me _.A.who did kick the first goal in the World Cup B.when was the APEC meeting held C.when China became a member of the WTO D.where will the 2008 Olympic be held B C（
43、）9.Kate has gone to Shanghai and I dont know _ tomorrow.A.when she calls me B.when she will call me C.when does she call me D.when will she call me（）10.Where does he come from?Pardon?I asked where _.A.did he come from B.he came from C.he comes from D.does he come from（）11.I didnt know _ at the meeti
44、ng yesterday.A.what to say B.to say what C.why to say D.to say why B A B（）12.Could you tell me _?A.what time the plane leaves B.what time the plane leave C.what time did the plane leave D.what time will the plane leave（）13.Do you know _ she knows it?A.what B.ifC.when D.what（）14.Boys and girls,did yo
45、u hear _ I said?A.that B.what C.it D.those（）15.You must remember _.A.what your teacher said B.what did your teacher say C.your teacher said what D.what has your teacher saidB BA A（）16.I watched that man for a long time and wanted to know _.A.whether I have seen him before B.where I had seen him befo
46、re C.that I had seen him before D.when did I see him（）17.Do you know _?Sorry,I dont know.You may ask the woman over there.A.when the shop opens B.when is the shop open C.when does the shop open D.when will the shop open（）18.Do you know why she _Mr.Wang tomorrow?She has changed her mind.A.wont visit
47、B.didnt visit C.doesnt visit D.hasnt visit A A B（）19.Could you tell me _ with the broken window?A.what I should do B.what should I do C.how to d D.how I should do（）20.Do you know _?They moved here soon after their son was born.A.when would the Greens move here B.when the Greens moved here C.the Gree
48、ns would move here D.when the Greens would move here（）21.I dont know when he _ back from England.A.will comeB.come C.comes D.coming B A A（）22.What did your son say in the letter?He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A.will visitB.has visited C.is going to visitD.would visit（）23.If he _h
49、arder next time,he will catch up with us.A.work B.worked C.works D.will work（）24.I think WeiHua will be very happy when she _your presents.A.looks B.will look C.receives D.will receive CC D（）25.Well set out as soon as our monitor _.A.comeB.comes C.will comeD.has come（）26.Ill go with you if it _fine
50、tomorrow.A.has beenB.is C.will be D.be （）27.Ill meet him at the station when he _.A.will returnB.return C.returns D.returned （）28.I wont go to see the film tonight,because I _ my ticket.A.lost B.have lost C.will lost D.didnt have B B C B（）29.Are you going to visit the farm tomorrow?Yes.But if it _,w