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1、英语练习题3 Section Use of English Directtions: Read tthe foollowiing teext.Chhoose the bbest wword（ss） forr eachh numbbered blankk and mark A, B, C orr D onn ANSWWER SHHEET 11.（ 100 poinnts ） Healthh impllies mmore tthan pphysiccal fiitnesss. It also impliies meental and eemotioonal wwell-bbeing. An aan
2、gry, frusstrateed, emmotionnally 1 perrson iin goood phyysicall condditionn is nnot 2 healtthy. MMentall heallth, tthereffore, has mmuch tto do 3 howw a peerson copess withh the worldd as sshe/hee exissts. MMany oof thee facttors tthat 44 physsical healtth alsso afffect mmentall and emotiional well-
3、beingg. Havingg a goood seelf-immage mmeans that peoplle havve possitivee 5 piicturees andd goodd, possitivee feellings aboutt themmselvees, abbout wwhat tthey aare caapablee 6, aand abbout tthe rooles tthey pplay. Peoplle witth goood sellf-imaages llike tthemseelves, and they are 77 likee otheers.
4、HHavingg a goood seelf-immage iis bassed 8 a reaalistiic 9 oof onees owwn worrth annd vallue annd cappabiliities. Stresss is aan unaavoidaable, necesssary, and potenntiallly heaalthfuul 10 of ouur socciety. Peopple off all ages 11 sttress. Chilldren beginn to 112 strress dduringg prennatal devellopm
5、ennt andd duriing chhildbiirth. Exampples oof strress iinduciing 133 in tthe liife off a yooung ppersonn are deathh of aa pet, presssure to 144 acaddemicaally, the ddivorcce of parennts, oor joiining a neww youtth grooup. TThe diiffereent waays inn whicch inddividuuals 115 to stresss mayy brinng hea
6、althfuul or unheaalthy resullts. OOne peerson experrienciing a greatt deall of sstresss may functtion eexcepttionallly weell 166 anotther mmay bee unabble too funcction at alll. Iff streessfull situuationns aree conttinuallly enncounttered, the indivvidualls phhysicaal, soocial, and mentaal heaalth
7、aare evventuaally aaffectted. Satisffying sociaal rellationns aree vitaal to 17 meental and eemotioonal hhealthh. It is beelieveed thaat in orderr to 118, deevelopp, andd mainntain effecctive and ffulfillling sociaal rellationnshipss peopple muust 199 the abiliity too knoww and trustt eachh otheer,
8、unndersttand eeach oother, inflluencee, andd helpp eachh otheer. Thhey muust allso bee capaable oof 20 confllicts in a consttructiive waay. 1. A. unstaable B. unnsure C. immpreciise D. immpracttical 2. A. normaally B. geenerallly C. viirtuallly D. neecessaarily 3. A. on B. att C. too D. wiith 4. A.
9、signiify B. innfluennce C. prredictt D. maark 5. A. intelllectuual B. seensuall C. sppirituual D. meental 6. A. to bee doinng B. wiith dooing C. too do D. off doinng 7. A. able betteer to B. abble too bettter C. beetter to abble D. beetter able to 8. A. on B. frrom C. att D. abbout 9. A. assesssment
10、t B. deecisioon C. deetermiinatioon D. asssistaance 10. A. ideaality B. reealizaation C. reealismm D. reealityy 11. A. occuur B. enngage C. coonfronnt D. enncountter 12. A. toleerate B. suustainn C. exxperieence D. unndertaake 13. A. eviddence B. acccidennts C. addventuures D. evvents 14. A. acquuir
11、e B. acchievee C. obbtain D. fuulfil 15. A. resppond B. reeturn C. reetort D. reeply 16. A. why B. whhen C. whhile D. whhere 17. A. sounnd B. alllroundd C. enntire D. whhole 18. A. illuuminatte B. ennunciaate C. ennumeraate D. innitiatte 19. A. acceess B. asssess C. prrocesss D. poossesss 20. A. res
12、oolvingg B. saalutinng C. deesolviing D. soolvingg SectioonReadiing Coomprehhensioon Part AA Directtions: Read tthe foollowiing foour teexts. Answeer thee quesstionss beloow eacch texxt by choossing AA, B, C or DMark your answeers onn ANSWWER SHHEET 11（40 pooints） Text 11 As we have seen in eaarlier
13、r chappters, the Ameriican ddefiniition of suuccesss is llargelly onee of aacquirring wwealthh and a higgher mmateriial sttandarrd of livinng. Itt is nnot suurprissing, thereefore, thatt Amerricanss havee valuued edducatiion foor itss moneetary valuee. Thee beliief iss widee spreead inn the Uniteed
14、Staates tthat tthe moore scchooliing peeople have, the more moneyy theyy willl earnn whenn theyy leavve schhool. The bbelieff is sstronggest rregardding tthe deesirabbilityy of aan unddergraaduatee univversitty deggree, or a profeessionnal deegree such as meedicinne or law ffollowwing tthe unndergrr
15、aduatte deggree. The mmoney valuee of ggraduaate deegreess in“nnonproofessiional”ffieldss suchh as aart, hhistorry, orr phillosophhy is not aas greeat. This bbelieff in tthe moonetarry vallue off educcationn is ssupporrted bby staatistiics onn incoome. BBen Waattenbberg, a soccial sscienttist, estim
16、mated that in thhe couurse oof a llifetiime a man wwith aa colllege ddegreee in 11972 wwould earn aboutt￥380 000 mmore tthan aa man with just a higgh schhool ddiplomma. Peerhapss thiss helpps to explaain suurvey findiings wwhich showeed thaat Ameericanns whoo wishhed thhey haad ledd theiir livves di
17、iffereently in soome waay reggretteed mosst of all tthat tthey ddid noot gett moree educcationn. The reegret is shhared by thhose wwho haave maade itt to tthe toop andd by tthose who hhave nnot. JJournaalist Richaard Reeeves quotees a bblack workeer in a Forrd auttomobiile faactoryy. When II was in
18、thhe ninnth grrade, I wass gettting bbad grrades and mmessinng aroound. My faather came home in thhe kittchen one nnight with a paiir of Ford work pantss and he thhrew tthem iin my face.“Put tthese on,”he saaid,“becauuse yooure gooing tto be weariing thhem thhe resst of your life if yoou donnt geet
19、an educaation.” Douglaas Fraaser, the ppresiddent oof thee Unitted Auuto Woorkerss Unioon, reegrettted noot finnishinng higgh schhool sso mucch thaat he occassionallly liied abbout iit. Hee toldd Richhard RReevess abouut hiss pridde in graduuatingg fromm highh schoool, bbut thhen a few mminutees lat
20、ter hee saidd: I wasnnt tellling the ttruth aboutt highh schoool. II neveer finnishedd. I qquit iin thee twellfth ggrade to taake a jobIts funnny affter aall thhese yyears, I sttill llie abbout iit. Beecausee the fact is, II stilll thiink itt was a stuupid tthing to doo. I sshouldd havee finiished m
21、y edducatiion. Even aa man like Fraseer, a natioonallyy knowwn andd succcessfuul leaader, was ttroublled byy regrrets tthat hhe didd not climbb highher onn the educaationaal laddder. 21.Whaat is the mmain iidea oof thiis passsage? A.Amerricanss placce a hhigh vvalue on edducatiion. B.Amerricanss bel
22、iieve iit is possiible, thouggh diffficullt, too be ssuccesssful withoout ann advaanced degreee. C.Amerricanss beliieve tthat tthe moore thhe eduucatioon, thhe higgher tthe saalary. D.A baasic AAmericcan vaalue iis acqquirinng matteriall weallth. 22.Whiich off the folloowing degreees woould pprobabb
23、ly bee mostt valuued byy Amerricanss? A.A maasters deggree iin litteratuure. B.A maasters deggree iin speecialiized ffieldss. C.A maasters deggree iin purre matths. D.A maasters deggree iin antthropoology. 23.Thee survvey coonductted byy Ben suggeested that peoplle reggretteed mosst havving nnot goo
24、t morre eduucatioon. A.who hopedd to tteach B.who were not ccontennt witth theeir owwn wayy of llivingg C.who were proudd of ttheir sociaal possitionns D.who had qquit hhigh sschoolls tooo earlly 24.Wheen thee facttory wworkerr in tthe thhird pparagrraph wwas a teenaager, his ffatherr . A.wantted hi
25、im to startt earnning aa liviing B.wantted hiim to studyy hardder C.wantted hiim to work with him aat thee Fordd plannt D.wantted hiim to stop weariing suuch meessy cclothees 25. Whhich oof thee folllowingg is TTRUE aabout Dougllas Frraser? A.He wwas prroud tto havve finnishedd highh schoool. B.He b
26、becamee a suuccesssful lleaderr thannks too his educaation. C.He wwishedd he hhadnt droopped out oof schhool. D.He wwas a liar. Text 22 The maain iddea off thesse bussinesss-schoool accademiics iss appeealingg. In a worrd wheere coompaniies muust addapt tto neww techhnologgies aand soource of coompe
27、tiition, it iis mucch harrder tthan iit useed to be too offeer goood empployeees jobb secuurity and aan oppportunnity tto cliimb thhe corrporatte laddder. Yet iit is also more necesssary than ever for eemployyees tto invvest iin better skkills and ssparklle witth briight iideas. How can ffirms get t
28、the moost ouut of peoplle if they can nno lonnger ooffer them proteectionn and promootion? Many bbossess woulld lovve to have an annswer. Sumaantrraa Ghosshal oof thee Londdon Buusinesss Schhool aand Chhristoopher Bartllett oof thee Harvvard BBusineess scchool thinkk theyy havee one:“Emplooyabillity
29、.”If maanagerrs offfer thhe rigght innds off traiining and gguidannce, aand chhange theirr attiitude towarrds thheir uunderllings, theyy willl be aable tto reaassuree theiir empployeees thaat theey willl alwways hhave tthe skkills and eexperiience to fiind a good job-eeven iif it is wiith a diffeere
30、nt compaany. Unforttunateely, tthey ppromisse morre thaan theey delliver. Theiir thooughtss on wwhat aan ideeal orrganizzationn shouuld acccompllish aare haard too quarrrel wwith: encouurage peoplle to be crreativve, maake suure thhe gaiins frrom crreativvity aare shhared with the ppains of thhe bus
31、sinesss thatt can make the mmost oof theem, keeep thhe orgganizaation from gettiing sttale aand soo fortth. Thhe reaal dissappoiintmennt commes whhen thhey atttemptt to sshow hhow fiirms mmight actuaally ccreatee suchh an eenviroonmentt. At its nnub iss the notioon thaat commpaniees cann attaain thh
32、eir eelusivve goaals byy channging theirr impllicit contrract wwith iindiviidual workeers, aand trreatinng theem as a souurce oof vallue raather than a cogg in aa machhine. The auuthorss offeer a ffew innspiriing exxamplee of ccompannies-tthey iincludde Mottorolaa, 3M andd ABB-that have managged too
33、 go ssome wway toowardss creaating such organnizatiions. But tthey ooffer littlle useeful gguidannce onn how to goo abouut it, and leavee the biggeest quuestioons unnansweered. How ddo youu conttinuouusly ttrain peoplle, wiithoutt diveertingg themm fromm theiir eveerydayy job of maaking the bbusinee
34、ss moore prrofitaable? How ddo youu traiin peoople tto be succeessfull elseewheree whille stiill enncouraaging them to maake biig commmitmeents tto youur ownn firmm? Howw do yyou geet youur newwly liiberatted emmployeees too spennd theeir tiime onn ideaas thaat creeate vvalue, and not ssimplyy on tt
35、hose they enjoyy? Mosst of theirr answwers aare pllatituudinouus, annd wheen theey aree not they are uunconvvincinng. 26. Wee can inferr fromm the passaage thhat inn the past an emmployeee . A. hadd job securrity aand oppportuunity of prromotiion B. hadd to ccompette witth eacch othher too keepp his
36、 job C. hadd to uunderggo traainingg all the ttime D. hadd no ddifficculty climbbing tthe coorporaate laadder 27Whaat doees thee writter off thiss passsage tthink of thhe ideeas off Ghosshal aand Baartlettt? A. Verry insstructtive. B. Veery innspiriing. C. Harrd to impleement. D. Quuite hharsh. 28In
37、 theirr workk, Ghooshal and BBartleett diiscusss . A. chaanges in buusinesss orgganizaationss B. conntractts bettween emplooyers and eemployyees C. empploymeent siituatiion D. mannagemeent iddeas 29Thiis passsage seemss to bbe a（nn） . A. boook revview BB. advvertissementt C. newws repport DD. ressea
38、rchh papeer 30. Acccordiing too Chriitopheer Barrtlettt whatt willl imprrove“emplooyabillity”? A. Abiility to laay outt ones tallents to emmployeers. B. Skiills aand knnowleddge acccumullated from schoool eduucatioon. C. Traainingg oppoortuniity annd guiidancee offeered bby commpany. D. Beiing crrea
39、tivve andd readdy to sharee colllectivve wissdom. Text 33 To undderstaand thhe faiilingss of eexistiing faarm prrogramms, itts impportannt to underrstandd the rootss of tthe cuurrentt farmm crissis. AAt thee hearrt of the pprobleem is moneyy-how much theree is aand hoow mucch it costss to bborroww.
40、A farmmer iss a deebtor almosst by definnitionn. In my owwn staate, iits nott unussual ffor a wheatt farmmer wiith 1,000 aacres to owwe sevveral hundrred thhousannd dolllars for lland aand maachineery. IIn addditionn to mmakingg paymments on thhese lloans, its commmon ffor suuch a farmeer to borroow
41、 aboout $ 40,0000 eacch sprring tto covver feertiliizer, dieseel fueel, seeed, aand otther ooperatting eexpensses. TThe moonths beforre thee harvvest wwill bbe anxxious ones as thhe farrmer ccontemmplatees alll the thinggs thaat couuld brring: finanncial hardsship, bad wweatheer, crrop diiseasee, in
42、ssects, fallling ccommoddity ppricess. If he haas a ggood yyear, the ffarmerr can repayy his loanss and retaiin somme proofit; in a bad oone, hhe cann losee his wholee farmm. Money thus becommes onne of the ffarmerrs bigggest expennses. Most consuumers can ffind ssome rrefugee fromm highh inteerest
43、ratess by ppostpooning largee purcchasess likee housses orr carss. Farrmers have no chhoice. In 11989, for eexamplle, faarmerss paidd $12 billiion inn inteerest costss whille earrning $ 32 billiion; llast yyear tthey ppaid $ 22 bbillioon in interrest ccosts, whille earrning only $ 20 billiion. IIn a
44、 bbusineess inn whicch proofit mmarginns aree smalll, $ 4,0000 moree in iintereest caan meaan thee diffferencce bettween profiit andd losss. Sinnce 19985, 1100,0000 fammily ffarms have disapppeareed, annd whiile innteresst rattes haave faallen recenntly, they stilll impeeril tthe naations farrmers.
45、This iis whyy the most basicc partt of oour naations farrm pollicy iis itss moneey andd creddit poolicy-whichh is sset byy Paull Voiccker aand thhe Fedderal Reserrve Booard. The FFederaal Resserve Boardds ressponsiibilitty forr nearrly ruuiningg our econoomy iss welll-knowwn. Whhats oftten ovverlooo
46、ked iis howw the boardds pooliciees havve takken ann espeeciallly devvastatting ttoil oon farrmers. Whille higgh intterestt ratees havve inccreaseed farrm exppensess, theeyve also underrminedd the exporrt marrket ffarmerrs havve traaditioonallyy reliied onn.Highh inteerest ratess, by stallling oour
47、ecconomiic enggines, havee beenn a drrag onn the entirre worrlds ecoonomy. Deveelopinng andd thirrdworldd natiions hhave bbeen pparticcularlly harrd hitt; strruggliing juust too meett inteerest paymeents oon theeir looans ffrom mmultinnationnal baanks, they have had llittlee cashh leftt overr to bbuy ouur farrm prooductss. Even tthose counttries that couldd stilll affford oour faarm prroductts abaandoneed