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1、2014高三英语语法复习：名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whoever ,whose, whom, whomever, what, whatever, which, whichever。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。 that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省
2、略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesnt matter
3、 so much whether you will come or not. 附：用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构：It is clear (necessary, important, possible, emarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意)It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是)It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated, aid, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计)It turns ou
4、t ( seems, happens, appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是) It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出)3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（三）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is al
5、l right.2、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导, whether 可与不定式to do连用, 而if不可以。 但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g. It depends on whether we hav
6、e enough time. They dont know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.(条件句)用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）3.表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, dont mind, resent, appreciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：count on, de
7、pend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to, 等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。 I like it when she smiles at me. I love it when you sing. I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.（四）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.2. that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，
8、通常不省。1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。The fact is that he is lying. The odds are that he will not do it.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。Our belief is that things will improve. The trouble is that we are short of money.3. whether引导表语从句（不可用if)His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. The question is whether people wil
9、l buy it.4. 注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法：This is where Lu Xun once lived.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. That was how they won the match.他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.固定句型: This is where 这就是的地方 This is why 这就是的原因 This is how.这就是的方法1) The reason _ we didnt trust him is
10、_ he has often lied2) 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3) Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I
11、 have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名词性从句考点归纳：一、 名词性从句的语序判断下列句子是否正确，（T or F）1.他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )2.你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could yo
12、u tell me where does he live? ( )3.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 规律一：名词性从句在句中要用_、 二、 名词性从句连接词的选用1.that 和what 的选用1._ he wants is a book. 2._ he wants to go there is obvious3.The result is _ we won the game.
13、4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _he did that afternoon.9.One reason for her preference for city life is_ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. tha
14、t B. how C. what D. why10. As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which规律二:_ 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分， 而_可充当名词性的成分。 2.whether和if的选用1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried
15、 about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8. I havent decided _ to go there.9. I dont care _he doesnt come.规律三: 在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时，连词_ 一般只
16、能引导动词后宾语从句。如果是_从句，_从句，_从句，_后的宾语从句，接不定式to do或与or not连用都要用whether连接，即如果表示“是否”, 选项中既有if又有whether, 那么选whether一定正确。宾语从句是否定句时只用if.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. if C. whether D. that注意： doubt 的用法，如果是_, 用whether/if，如果是_句，用 that。3. that的省略
17、 请用that/ (that)填空1.I dont think _ she is coming. 2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless . 4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living
18、 alone.7. He told me _if it was necessary they would work all night.8. My mother said a few days later _ we might go to the countryside to spend the spring festival. A. where B. that C. what D. /规律四: 单个宾语从句中that可_.that不可省略的情况：1._从句;_从句;_从句 2.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句3.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略4.宾语从句前有插入语时 5.宾语
19、从句中有其它从属连词时三. it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It2.I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them3.You may depend on _ that all goods will be shipped abroad in time. A. which B
20、.it C. whom D. Those4. I hate _ when I am free from work but it rains. A. this B that C itD one规律五：在like, hate, appreciate, cant help等动词后，用_代替后面由when/if引导的从句。四、 疑问词+ever引导的从句1)辨析:引导名词性从句时what与whatever, who与whoever的区别：what 与whatever： What you want has been sent here. ( what = the thing(s) that/all th
21、at特指)Whatever you want makes no difference to me.(whatever = anything that泛指)What caused the accident was a broken bottle.（特指）Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.（泛指）who 与whoever ：Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.(who表疑问，表示“谁”，“哪一个”)。Whoever breaks the law shou
22、ld be punished. (whoever = anyone who，表示“无论哪个人”)1. He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _ _ he can to help me.2. What I want to say has nothing to do with it. -_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. -_ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4
23、. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. -He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 5. Well remember whoever we turned to for help. -Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.-They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. It is generally co
24、nsidered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever8. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? 【2007 山东卷】Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever Dno matter who9. The How To book can be of help to _ wants to do the job.【2009海南卷改编】A. those who B.
25、 whomever C. no matter who D. whoever规律六:. whoever 引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”，相当于 anyone who，所以谓语动词用_形式；those who中who替代的是复数可数词，所以谓语动词用_形式。. wh-ever 既可引导_从句也可引导_从句，而 no matter wh- 只能引导状语从句，即选项中如果有wh-ever也有no matter wh-，wh-ever选项一定正确。五、主语从句中的主谓一致 判断下列句子是否正确：1.How and why he did the experiment are unknown to al
26、l.2. How he did the experiment and why he did the experiment is unknown to all.3. When he did the experiment has not been decided yet.六 虚拟语气的问题1)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every da
27、y.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It is suggested that the meeting(should）be held this afternoon. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.2）在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形或
28、是动词原形。如：She suggested we (should) leave here at once. The doctor ordered she (should ) be operated on.3) 虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing is wonderful.My
29、 idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars1. It is ordered that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.We suggested that the meeting _ A. should put off B. be put off C. was put off
30、 D. putting off4.I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him.A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should go to; is5.Her pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C
31、. should, had D. was, has七同位语从句与定语从句的区别1. He raised a question _ should we do if we couldnt finish the job on time. A. what B. why C. that D. where 2. The question _ he raised at the meeting received immediate attention. A. what B. why C. that D. where同位语从句和定语从句都可以修饰名词， 其区别1. 同位语从句中的 that 只是 引导词，不做句
32、子成分。1. I was puzzled by the problem _ of the two dictionaries I should buy. A. which B. what C. when D. where 2. I was puzzled by a problem _ I met with while writing my paper. A. which B. what C. when D. where区别2. 同位语从句中的先行词即从句的内容；定语从句的先行词并非整个从句的内容。名词性从句与其它句型的区别1.The news _came from the front was t
33、rue. 2.The news _ he won the game was true. 3.She was not _she used to be. 4.The city is no longer a place _it used to be.5._is known to us all, paper was first made in China.6._ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.7. It is impossible _we can persuade him to join us. 8. It is with
34、Toms help_ we were able to persuade him to join us. 9. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which
35、 Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so规律七： _修饰名词或名词词组；_ 修饰形容词或副词。Practice:1.Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter_ you have lived there for a short or a long time .(2012 湖南 26) A. why B. how C. whether D
36、. when2.The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth,but_he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (2012安徽27) A. where Bwhether Cthat D. why3.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious_the problem itself is. (2011湖南 31)A. what B. that C. which D.
37、 why4.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of_others actually understand. (2011 上海38) A. why B. that C. which D. what5. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷9) A. that B. what C. h
38、ow D. whether6.The volunteers soon reached_was once an old hall,_the workers now use as a workshop (2012益阳一中期中) A. what ; which B. which ; where C.where ; which D. what ; where7._our students need during the summer holidays is time, freedom, and health, the official stressed.(2012雅礼中学)A. What B. Tha
39、t C. Whether D. As8. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently. (2012 北京24) A. why B. how C. that D. whether9. Evidence has been found through years of study_childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. (2012 重庆)A. why B.
40、how C. whether D. that10._fashion differs from country to country reflects cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. Whether D.Which11.The traditional view is_we sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so.(2012长沙重点高三模拟) A. when B. why C. whether D. that12.Twenty students w
41、ant to attend the class thataims to teach _ to read first.（2011辽宁卷）A. what B. who C. how D. why13 Scientists study_ human brains work to make computers. (2012 四川17) A. when B. how C. that D. whether14. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew_she was so angry. (201
42、0 湖南35) A. where B. whether C. that D. why15.Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is_he never finishes anything. (2011 山东) A. that B. when C. where D. why16. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for_ he could find about MarkTwain. (2012 辽宁 34)A. wherever B. however
43、 C. whatever D. whichever17. As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose _ suits you best.(2012 陕西) A.whatever B.whichever C. whenever D. wherever18.We promise_attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (2012福建) A.who B.whom C.whoever D. whomever19.At t
44、he evening party the host said_was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward. (2011长沙质检)A. whoever B. who C. no matter who D.those who20.You are sure to know the result,but thats_ everybody has finished their work.(2012湖南模拟)A. when B.why C. before D. until21.The last time we had great fun was _ wewere visiting the Water