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1、Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force;
2、there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence - as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What i
3、s really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race,
4、 that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplat
5、e the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If h
6、alf the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having
7、to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions ar
8、e always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information
9、. Talk, talk, talk； the advocates of violence say, all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.* It*s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was no
10、ne the wiser. Possible, my lord,* the barrister replied, *none the wiser, but surely far better informed.* Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passage?A Advocating Violence.B Violence
11、 Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2. Recorded history has taught usA violence never solves anything.B nothing.C the bloodshed means nothing.D everything.3. It can be
12、 inferred that truly reasonable menA cant get a hearing.B are looked down upon.C are persecuted.D Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4. “He was none the wiser* meansA he was not at all wise in listening.B He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C He gains nothing after listening.D He
13、makes no sense of the argument.5.1. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA law enforcement.B knowledge.C nonviolence.D Mopping up the violent mess.Vocabulary1. acute严重的,剧烈的,敏锐的2. lootv.抢劫,掠夺;n.赃物3. pillagev.抢劫,掠夺4. crunchv.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂声when it comes to the crunch = if/when t
14、he decisive moment comes. 当关键 时刻来到时。5. war-paint出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）6. come to light = become known 显露,为人所知7. sap剥削,使伤元气,破坏I was sapped by months of hospital treatment.我住院治疗几个月,大伤元气。8. mop up擦去,对付,处理9. wake船迹,航迹in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。Diminish grant impose brute respect tedious shee
15、r horror dismal contemplate persecute outrageous ghetto derive Genuine providing framework barrister prerequisite appreciate shed 难句译注1. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.【结构简析】wh
16、en it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment com es.当关键时刻来到时。【参考译文】真正令人可怖的,令人绝望的是,在关键时刻,人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。2. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.【结构简析】in the wake of在.之后。【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子,我们的力量因此削弱了。3. After listening to a leng
17、thy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.【结构简析】none + the +比较级。固定用法,义:not at all 一点儿也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好,（一点儿也不见 好【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释,法官抱怨说他无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。4. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要
18、的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是:了解情况是解决 问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。写作方法与文章大意作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法,这是人本 性没有进步的表现,真正理智的人提出了法制是解决问题的唯一途径,而这些人遭人轻视、 迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟,改善生活水平，提供教育 和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这 些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。答案详解1. B暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认 的种解决方法。白人
19、采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静 地论及暴力,似乎这是种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面 衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真 正令人可怕的事件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制,人们不停。他们反而收到轻 视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制,以法治理。第三段进步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提,即使暴力者不同意,但知道 暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶,是智慧聪明的必要前提。A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D.人类的本性是嗜暴性。2. B没有什么。第一段
20、中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点 都没有教给我们任何东西。A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。D.一切。3. D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻 视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。4. C听后无所得。None the wiser 一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是C 项。A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前个样。D.他听不懂论点。5. A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的
21、解决总是 能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的 事。B,知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。Passage Two （The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing to IncreasingUnderstanding between Nations）The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations
22、 of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are no
23、t to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. But whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are
24、 directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with thelocal population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international d
25、rink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language i
26、s always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremol
27、inos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don*t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yo
28、urself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, naive. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjecti
29、ves actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites* or that * Latin peoples shout a lot*. You onl
30、y have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and
31、blind us to the basic facthow trite it sounds! - That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1. The best title for this passage isA tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.B Tourism is tiresome.C Conducted tour is dull.D
32、 tourism really does something to one*s country.2. What is the authors attitude toward tourism?A apprehensive.B negative.C critical.D appreciative.3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?A silent.B noisy.C lively.D active.4. The purpose of the authors critici
33、sm is to point outA conducted tour is disappointing.B the way of touring should be changed.C when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.D national stereotypes should be changed.5. What is lgrand tour now?A moderate cost.B local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist
34、organization.C people enjoy the first-rate comforts.D everybody can enjoy the *grand tour.Vocabulary1. superb卓越的,杰出的,第一流的2. moderate中庸的,中等的,适度的3. grand tour为学业必经阶段。大旅行,指旧时英国富家子弟教育中,到欧洲大陆观光的旅行,4. package tour由旅行社代办而费用与路线、日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday 5. chartered flight包机航班6. set out to do sth. = begi
35、n a job with a particular aim开始做某事，决心/打算做7. cosset宠爱，溺爱，纵容8. conducted tour = guided tour有人指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游9. censor检查10.wander off离开原处/正道，离群,漫步，漫游11 .quarters住处，营headquarters司令部12.paella西班牙什锦饭13.chip炸马铃薯条（土豆条）14.amorous多情的,色情的15.pedantic学究式的，卖弄学问的16.generalization归纳，概括17.stir up惹起,煽动,挑起18.trite陈腐的，
36、老套的sneer ignorantdeliberate contact shelter sip hideous inhabitanttemporarily persistence stereotype insight preconception hypocritepositively hatredunique tiresome investigate难句译注1. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now withineverybodys grasp.【结构简析】within sb.s grasp.
37、某人理解/了解，为某人所能抓到的。【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得。2. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游,包机航班决不会遭人耻笑。3. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的客户和当地居民少接触。4. The modern tourist leads a
38、cosseted sheltered life.【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活。5. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored.【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些景点受到组织者旅行社仔细的检查核准。6. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to b
39、e protected in this way.【结构简析】only too +形容词/分词=very非常。【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛:再说,至少语言 总是个障碍,所以他对这样保护非常高兴。7. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization.【结构简析】at ones worst在情况最坏的时候。【参考译文】最糟的时候,这种保护会导致形成-一种新型而又可怕的殖民现象。8. Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be posi
40、tively dangerous.【结构简析】carried to an extreme (to an excess )如果做得过分。【参考译文】如果走向极端，模式化的想法会非常危险。9. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact.【参考译文】野蛮(乱七八糟)的概括/归纳会激起种族仇恨，使我们对这基本事实视 而不见。写作方法与文章大意文章主耍采用因果写法。虽然旅游业发展,人们可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游, 但由于旅行社种种限制/呵护及其它，使旅游者难以和当地居民接触。陈旧的固定的想
41、对民族的模式化想法，只有通过接触才能接触模式。而旅行社的种种都使人相互难以理解。答案详解1. A旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出,许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜, 他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民,让他们过着种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住 的是国际饭店,吃的是国际食品,喝的是国际饮料,在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的 计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛,语言的障碍,又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚 持民族模式化老套的想法，所以一开始旅游,你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你 自己设想的基本事实所有人民都是人类。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒 谬、有害，可是旅行社竭力制止,你又怎么能交上外国朋友
42、呢?这一切说明A项对。B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。2. C批评。3. B吵吵闹闹的。4. B旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第 二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者 本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固 定模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似, 又各具特点，就得改变旅游的方式。A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时,你见到的特性证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应 当改变。这三条都是批评的具体内容。5. D人人都
43、能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的门课程一到欧洲大陆观 光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似grand tour的 切,甚至超过，如第一段指出:现代旅游者享受的舒适设施,达到了大旅行中老爷、小 姐们做梦都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统,使人们有可能钱花得不多 就能访问、观光别的国家。所以说,曾是有钱人专享的大旅行，普通人也能领略。“grand tour”有引号，表明作为比喻。A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们喜欢一流 舒适设施。Passage Three （Pop Stars Earn Much）P
44、op stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur drive
45、n Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive aeroplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news. If they enjoy ma
46、ny of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, but public property. The
47、financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedent
48、ed scale. By today*s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did. The competition for the title *Top of the Pops* is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn eno