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1、模拟考研英语（二）英译汉模拟10Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（10 points）第1题：Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives. Many scientists maintai
2、n that one of mans greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement.Now growth“ industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life. The growing population makes increasing demands on the wo
3、rlds fixed supply of air, water and land. This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever-increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of. The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environ
4、ment.参考答案：污染已成为问题，因为在当今这个人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误之一是把增长和进步等同起来。现在人们怀疑地看待“增长性”的产业，以防它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏生命的不同形式之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长，越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平，这必然造成有更多的废物要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。详细解答：必考词详解pollutiori污染；污染物increasingly越来越多地；渐增地 populate居住于industrialize使工业
5、化upset颠覆；扰乱；使心烦maintain 认为,主张；维持equate使相等；视为平等advancement前进，进步；提升 suspicion怀疑；嫌疑disrupt破坏；使陷于混乱fixed固有的，固定的 accompany陪伴，伴随desire欲望；要求amount数量；总额，总数dispose 处理；安排concern关系到；使担心n.关心；关心的事cause原因；事业；目标vt,引起in case假使；万一；以防side effect副作用文章超精解 Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated
6、and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.结构分析此句为复合句，主句为Pollution is a problem （污染是一个问题）。 because引导的是原因状语从句，对主句进一步解释说明，从句主干为man is upsetting the environment （人类正污染环境）。从句中介词短语in an increasingly populated and industrialized world （在当今这个人口越来越多，社会越来越T业化的世界上）是man的定语，也可以看成man
7、 who is in an increasingly populated and industrialized world,其中，who is 省略。in which he lives （他们居住的）是environment的定语。词义推敲populate 直译为“居住于”，在此句中表明居住人口，in an increasingly populated 可以意译为“人口越来越多”，且汉语重语义，多单独拆分小句翻译，所以“in anlncreasingly populated and industrialized world可以译为在当今这个人口越来越多，社会越来越T业化的世界上；upset直译
8、“使混乱”，可意译为“污染”。译文污染已成为问题，因为在当今这个人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。Many scientists maintain that one of mans greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement.结构分析此句为复合句，主语为many scientists,谓语是 maintain, that one of man* s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement （人类最大的错误之一是
9、把增长和进步等同起来）为宾语从句，充当整句话的宾语。词义推敲equatewith是固定搭配，表示“把等同起来”。译文许多科学家认为人类最大的错误之一是把增长和进步等同起来。 Now “growth industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.结构分析此句的主句是 Now growth, industries are being looke
10、d on with suspicion （现在人们怀疑地看待“增长性”的产业），其中 Now 是时间状语。其后的 in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life （以防它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏生命的不同形式之间的关系）是条件状语，in case是从句的引导词，their side effects是从句主语，and连接两个并列的谓语动词damage和disrupt。词义推敲英语多用被动，汉语多用主动，根据汉语习惯，此句主句译为“人
11、们怀疑地看待增长性的产业；in case引导的是条件状语从句，意为“万一；以防；以免”，在此句中翻译成“以防”； the relationship of different forms of life 是 A of B of C 结构，翻译时理解成C的B的A,“生命的不同形式之间的关系；look on表示“看待”。译文现在人们怀疑地看待“增长性”的产业，以防它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏生命的不同形式之间的关系。The growing population makes increasing demands on the worlds fixed supply of air, water and
12、land.结构分析此句的主句为The growing population makes demands （增长的人口造成需求）。increasing作demands的前置定语，表程度；介词短语on the worlds fixed supply of air, water and land （世界上有限的空气、水和土地）作demands 的后置定语。词义推敲fixed本意为“固有的、固定的，在此句中引申为“有限的”。译文人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of mor
13、e and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever-increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.结构分析此句主句为 This rise is accompanied by the desire （增长伴随着需求）,其中 in population （在人口方面）是 This rise 的定语，of more and more people for a better standard of living （越来越多的人为了更高的生活水平）是desire的定语。i
14、n an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of （越来越多的废物要处理）是介词短语作结果状语。词义推敲be disposed of是固定搭配，表示“有待处理;ever-increasing表示“不断增长的，更多的”;waste material 表示“废物”。译文伴随着人口增长，越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平，这必然造成有更多的废物要处理。The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.结构
15、分析此句中，主语是 the problem.谓语是 has been causing,宾语是 concern, increasmg 是 concern 的前置定语。to living things and their environment 是 concern 的后置定语。词义推敲living things是固定搭配，译为“生物”。技巧点拨增译法，增加“人们”，使译文更通顺。译文这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。第2题：To help the Chinese to gain an appreciation of the value of friendship in differen
16、t cultures, he selected and arranged one hundred sayings popular at home and abroad on the subject of friendship.This short work enjoyed an immediate acceptance especially among college students and was reprinted many times. The sayings stress selflessness and concern for the material and spiritual
17、welfare of the friends. Consequently this work could not fail to exert strong appeal among a people who since earliest times had held friendship in the highest regard. In this age of growing contacts between East and West and the consequent development of mutual understanding between both sides of t
18、he globe , to publish this work has a profound influence.参考答案：为了帮助中国人了解不同文化中友谊的价值，他收集和整理了一百多条友谊方面的中外格言。这部短小精悍的书，一经问世便受到人们，特别是大学生的青睐，并多次再版。这些格言强调的是无私和关心朋友的物质和精神幸福。因此,这样的书自然会在一个自古就尊重友谊的民族中广为流传。在东西方关系日益密切，相互了解日益加深的今天，出版这本书有很深远的意义。详细解答：必考词详解gain获得；增加appreciation欣赏；鉴别；感谢arrange 安排；排列；整理sayings谚语，格言（sayin
19、g“俗语，谚语”的复数）immediate 立即的；直接的reprint再版；重印stress强调；加压力于.压力；强调 selfless无私的；不考虑自己的concern关心；使担心.关心的事material 物质的；实质性的.物资，物质spiritual精神的，心灵的welfare福利；幸福consequent随之发生的结果consequently因此；结果；所以exert运用，发挥；施以影响appeal吸引力，感染力；呼吁，请求contact接触，联系mutual 共同的；相互的，彼此的profound深厚的；意义深远的globe地球；地球仪文章超精解To help the Chines
20、e to gain an appreciation of the value of friendship in different cultures, he selected and arranged one hundred sayings popular at home and abroad on the subject of friendship.结构分析此句主句为 he selected and arranged one hundred sayings （他收集和整理了一百多条格言）.To help the Chinese to gain an appreciation of the v
21、alue of friendship in different cultures （为了帮助中国人了解不同文化中友谊的价值）”为目的状语，表示说明主句主语的目的。句中popular at home and abroad on the subject of friendship （友谊方面流行于中外的）是 sayings的后置定语。词义推敲help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事，其中to可以省略；at home and abroad表示国内外。译文为了帮助中国人了解不同文化中友谊的价值，他收集和整理了一百多条友谊方面的中外格言。This short work enjoyed an
22、immediate acceptance especially among college students and was reprinted many times.结构分析在此句中，and 连接两个并列谓语enjoyed和was reprinted,主语都是this short worko 词义推敲short本意为“短的”，在此句中引申为“短小精悍”；acceptance本意“接受，immediate acceptance “立即接受”，在此根据句意引申为“青睐”； work “作品”，意译为“书”。译文这部短小精悍的书一经问世便受到人们，特别是大学生的青睐，并多次再版。The sayin
23、gs stress selflessness and concern for the material and spiritual welfare of the friends.结构分析此句中，谓语动词是stress（强调）,and连接两个并列的宾语selflessness and concern for the material and spiritual welfare of the friends （无私和关心朋友的物质和精神幸福）。词义推敲material and spiritual译为“物质的和精神的。译文这些格言强调的是无私和关心朋友的物质和精神幸福。Consequently th
24、is work could not fail to exert strong appeal among a people who since earliest times had held friendship in the highest regard.结构分析此句主句为 this work could not fail to exert strong appeal among a people （这部书不可能在一个民族中不能发挥强大的吸引力，意译为“这本书会在这个民族中广为流传）-consequently是结果状语，表示“因此。“who since earliest times had h
25、eld friendship in the highest regard（自古就非常尊重友谊）”是apeople的定语从句，说明这个民族“自古就尊重友谊”。词义推敲could not fail to do sth.是双重否定表示肯定；people作可数名词时，意思为“民族”。译文因此，这样的书自然会在一个自古就尊重友谊的民族中广为流传。 In this age of growing contacts between East and West and the consequent development of mutual understanding between both sides of
26、 the globe, to publish this work has a profound influence.结构分析此句主句为 to publish this work has a profound influence （JLH 版此书有很深远的意义），“In this age of growing contacts between East and West and the consequent development of mutual understanding between both sides of the globe （在东西方关系日益密切，相互了解日益加深的今天）”是时
27、间状语。词义推敲East and West和both sides of the globe都表示东西方。译文在东西方关系日益密切，相互了解日益加深的今天，出版这本书有很深远的意义。第3题：Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really count in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward others nee
28、ds, to take criticism well.People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes and take their share of blame which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. Thats why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals（动荡，居U变）while people of great talent are being laid off.
29、Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake they let their ego get in the way. They deny responsibilityand became moody or angry. They mark themselves as prickly参考答案：有时候，在
30、工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的专业技能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是处理错误的一种成熟和负责任的方式。这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在剧烈的公司动荡中保住了位置，而很有才能的人被解雇了。因为他们很注意处理同其他人的关系，所以处处受欢迎。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。详细解答：必考词详解interpersonal人际的；人与人之间的professional专业的；职业的；专业人
31、员；count有价值，有意义career事业；职业sensitive敏感的；灵敏的criticism批评；苛求blame责备；责任；过失mature成熟的；成年人的handle处理；操作；把手mediocre普通的；平凡的；中等的survive 幸存；生还；幸免于violent暴力的；猛烈的corporate企业的；共同的，全体的talent才能；天才；天资confront面对；遭遇ego自我；自负pricky 多刺的rather than而不是（强调前者）lay off解雇nothing but正是文章超精解Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rathe
32、r than professional skills that really count in your career.结构分析此句为典型的强调句型。被强调部分是interpersonal skills rather than professional skills （是人际关系而不是专业知识的才能）。句子主干为 interpersonal skills rather than professional skills really count in your career （工作中重要的是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能） sometimes （有时）作时间状语。in your carre
33、er （在事业中）介词短语作状语。词义推敲count译为“有价值，有意义”。译文有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的专业技能。语法连线强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构是“It is（was）+被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ who （that）- o 一般说来，被强调部分指人时，用who；指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美式英语中指事物时常用 which 来代替 thato Interpersonal skills are nothing but
34、the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward othersr needs, to take criticism well.结构分析句子主干为 Interpersonal skills are the ability （人际关系是一种能力）。后面 to be good listener, to be sensitive toward others needs, to take criticism well （听取别人的意见,体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评）为三个并列的to do结构，解释说明ability （能力）是什么，是abil
35、ity的后置定语。词义推敲nothing but是固定搭配，强调“只有,只是,正是；he sensitive toward others needs直译为“对别人的需要敏感”，意译为“体察别人的需要。译文人际关系就是一种善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error.结构分析句子主干为 Peopl
36、e admit their mistakes and take their share of blame （这些人是敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己责任的人）。with skill in social relations（在社会关系方面有技巧，意译为“善于处理人际关系”）是people的定语。 which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error （这是处理错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度）是非限定性定语从句。词义推敲take their share of blame直译为“承受指责”,引申为“承担白己的责任”，更符合汉语表达习惯。译文善于处理
37、人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是处理错误的一种成熟和负责任的方式。Thats why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off.结构分析本句是while连接的转折句，while 前面的句中 that 是主语，why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals （为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在剧烈的公司动荡中保住了位置）为表语，wh
38、ile 后面的句子 people of great talent are being laid off表示“很有才能的人被解雇了”。词义推敲mediocre译为“普通的、平凡的；violent是“剧烈的、猛烈的；corporate是“公司的；lay off 译为“解雇”；survive “幸存，生存”,意译为“保住位置”。译文这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇员在剧烈的公司动荡中保住了位置，而很有才能的人被解雇了。Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere.结构分析此句中 Sensitive in
39、 their dealings with others （他们很注意处理同其他人的关系）是原因状语，句子主干是：they are well liked everywhere （他们处处受欢迎）。词义推敲sensitive意为“敏感的，多加注意的；deal with固定搭配表示“处理；like “喜欢”，are well liked “很被人喜欢”,意译为“处处受欢迎。译文因为他们很注意处理同其他人的关系，所以处处受欢迎。第4题：It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of argu
40、ing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the
41、Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its
42、 world history.”参考答案：凌晨3：45进行了最终表决。经过6个月的争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区（澳北州）成为世界上第一个合法当局，允许医生根据绝症病人的个人意愿来结束其生命。这一法案以令人折服的15票对10票通过。几乎立即地，该消息就闪现在互联网上，身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利组织的执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯收到了它。他便通过协会的在线服务“死亡之网”把消息转发了出去。他说：“我们一整天都在贴公告，因为这不仅仅是发生在澳大利亚的事情，而是整个世界历史中的一件大事。”详细解答：必考词详解vote投票，表决.选票，投票take/have a vote投票，表决
43、incurably不可治愈地，in-前缀，表示不executive执行的，实施的.总经理，行政负责人convince （of）使信服，使确信【文真超精解】Aftersix months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australiaf s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish
44、 to die.结构分析该句的主干是 Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority （澳大利亚北部地区成为世界上第一个合法当局），主句中包含短语allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事），其中who引导的定语从句修饰patients,句首是由after引导的时间状语从句。词义推敲parliamentary 议会的，国会的；authority在此意为“官方,当局“； incurably表示“不可治愈的，incurably ill “不可治愈的疾病”可以意译为“绝症”。译文经过6个月的争论和最后16个小
45、时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区（澳北州）成为世界上第一个合法当局，允许医生根据绝症病人的个人意愿来结束其生命。Almost inunediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.结构分析本句为简单句，主干为： Word flashed on the Internet and was picked up by John Hofsess （该消
46、息闪现在互联网上，被约翰霍夫塞斯收到）。half a world away,作插入语，意为“地球的另一端。executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada是John Hofsess的同位语，是其头衔。词义推敲immediately 立即地，迅速地；flash“闪现，闪过；pick up”获得,学到；executive director “执行主席”。译文几乎立即地，该消息就闪现在互联网上，身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利组织的执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯收到了它。He sent it on via the groups on-line se
47、rvice, Death NET.结构分析本句为简单句，主干为：He sent it on （他把这条消息转发），via是介词，与后面的名词构成介宾短语 via the groups on-line service, Death NET （通过在线服务“死亡之网”）作为方式状语。词义推敲sent on 转交，转送”；via表示“通过，经由。译文他便通过协会的在线服务“死亡之网”把消息转发了出去。Says Hofsess:We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happen
48、ed in Australia. Its world history.”结构分析本句主干为Hofsess says,引号后的句子是says的宾语，because 引导原因状语从句，that happened in Australia是that引导的定语从句修饰 somethingo 词义推敲all day long 表示“一整天；bulletin ”公布，公告”。译文他说：“我们一整天都在贴公告，因为这不仅仅是发生在澳大利亚的事情，而是整个世界历史中的一件大事。”第5题：The last twenty years has brought nearly half a million Chinese intellectuals into the Western world especially into the United States. It is said that Shanghais musicians abroad could form a world class symphony orchestra.A similar story has been told in science, medicine and sports circles. Chinese intellectuals emigrate because they believe they can