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1、UintlII. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Im beside myself with joy. Im so lucky. Guess what? Ive won a lit of money in the lottery.W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right?Q: What does the woman mean?2. ScriptW: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car.M: He shoul
2、dnt have driven a car on his own without a drivers license.Hes still taking driving lesson.Q: What do we know about Marys son?3. ScriptM: Susan, I hear youre going to marry that guy. Some people think youll regret it.W: Is that so? Only time tell.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: Mary, I just
3、 want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mothers passing. I know how close you two were?W: Thank you. It was so sudden. Im still in a state of shock I dont know what to do.Q: Which of following is true?5. ScriptW: I get furious at work when my opinions arent considered just because Im a woman.M
4、: You should air your view more emphatically and demand that your vice be heard.Q: What is the woman complaining about?Keys: l.C 2.B3. D4.A5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Mary: Dam! Youre spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined.John: Im terrible sorry! What can I do t
5、o help? Heres some water to wash it off.Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! Im a mess.John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please dont blow up. Dont lose your cool.Mary: Hmm, youve got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldnt fly off the handle? This dress cost a fortu
6、ne.John: You look really cute when youre mad. I kid you not. Some peopledo look attractive when they are in a rage.Mary: This is very expensive dress. I saved for months to buy it, and now its ruined. Look at this stain!John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and IH take it to the cleaners.Ma
7、ry: Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it to you? I dont even know you!John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. Im John Owen.Mary: Mmm, at least youre polite. I guess I really shouldnt have flared up. After all, it was an accident. Im Mary Harvey.John: Co
8、me on. Ill take you home. You can change your clothes, and Ill get the dress cleaned for you.Mary: Now youre talking. Thanks. Youre a real gentleman.John: Youd better believe it. Im glad to see that youve cooled down. Feel look a bite to eat afterward? Im starving.Mary: Ok. Youre pretty good. Im not
9、 nearly as mad. If you can get this stain out, Ill be very happy.John: Ill try my best. But if I cant get the stain out, please dont let your happiness turn to wrath.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog?2. Why does the woman get angry?3. What does the man say to please th
10、e woman when she looks angry?4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman?5. What is the mans final proposal?Keys: 1D2.A3.C 4.B 5.CTask 2: Big John is coming!ScriptA bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (SI) owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some
11、instructions on (S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, (S3) drop everything and run for the hills! Hes the biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw whos ever lived!A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand comes running th
12、rough town (S6) yelling, “Big John is coming! Run for your (S7) lives!When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As hes picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. Hes muscular, and is growing
13、as he approaches the bar.steps up to the door, orders the poor barkeep inside, and demands,want a beer NOW!strikes his heavy fist on the bar, splitting it in half. (S9) The bartendei nervously hands the big man a been hands shaking. He takes the beer,)ites the top of the bottle off, and downs the be
14、er in one gulp.As the terrified bartender hides behind the bar, the big man gets up eave, “Do you want another beer?” the bartender asks in a trembling“Dang it, I dont have time! the big man yells, (S10) “I got to get out of town! Dont you hear Big John is coming?Task3: A View of HappinessScriptDr.
15、Smith has proposed a reasonable, if perhaps somewhat oversimplifies, view of happiness. According to his theory, happiness might be described as a state if balance. And when human or certain animals achieve that balance, they rend to remain in that condition in order to repeat the happy feeling.To i
16、llustrate this, we may study two magnets. When their positive and negative poles meet, they are comfortably joined, and they remain there. In other words, they have attained a balance or state of happiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive pole is presses against posi
17、tive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness.Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that led to satisfaction of those
18、 goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness.According to this theory, only animals with a significant capacity to learn should be able to experience happiness. But in truth learning can take place through surprisingly simple short-term action such as sc
19、ratching an itch, followed by pleasure, followed by more scratching, and so on. Thus learning can occur with almost no conscious thought.For human beings, blessed with the ability to reason, goals are not limited to the short-term satisfaction of needs. Indeed, there is a strong link between happine
20、ss and the fulfillment of long-term goals. Even if human strive for goals that are more complex and longer-term than the animals goals, once those goals are gained, happiness is reinforced.1. Why does the speaker mention “magnets”?2. According to the passage, what may animals do after they have got
21、food?3. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?4. What does the speaker say is special about the goals of human beings?5. Which of the following best captures the main idea of the passage?Keys: 1D2.C3. B4.D5.AIV. Speaking OutODEL 1 Dont let it get to you!usan: You look so angry. Wha
22、t happened?:Nothing rd rather not talk about it. Just dont ask.Susan: Come on. Relax. Talk to me.Chris: All right. This morning I took my car to the garage to check the airconditioner. They only gave it a quick look, refilled it with someFreon, and charged me 300bucks!usan: No wonder youre livid. Id
23、 be mad too if someone ripped me off like that.abous: Yeah. And they were rude. They said I didnt know anythicars, which I dont, but_they didnt have to be blunt!Susan: Sounds like you got a raw deal!Chris: Whats worse, as 1 was leaving, 1 herd then sa“Dont trusthat guy. He looks broke. When I heard
24、that, I almost hit the roof.usan: Dont let it get to you. Better ignore them.Chris: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.usan: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with theConsumer Protection Agency.Chris: sounds like a good idea.ODEL2 Im too depressed.Scriptusan: Chris, I hear yo
25、uve been down in the dumps, so Ive come to cheer you up.Chris: It,s not gong work. Im too depressedSusan: Come, on. Tell me whats on your mind.Chris: Everything. My girlfriend left me; my dog ran away; my walletwas stolen.usan: Dont worry. Ill help you solve the biggest problem: finding1a new girlfr
26、iend.Chris: Forget it. Anyway, Im getting bad grades, and I was told that Ida lot of courses next year. When I heard that,almost lost it.Susan: Look, relax. Ill help you with those courses.Chris: Yeah, but I also have three weeks laundry to do., and my room ia Digstv.usan: Forget it. Youre on your C
27、hris: Come, on. What are friends for?Susan: To keep you in high spirits; not to do your laundry.ODEL3 You seem to be on top of the world.ScriptNora: Oh, hey, John!John: Hey!Nora: You seem to be on top of the world tonight. Whats up?John: Im so happy Im about to burst. Guess what?Nora: Youve got me.J
28、ohn: It might be true that misfortunes never come singly, but you can also have a “double blessing. And thats what I had.events in your life?Nora: You mean youve had two haJohn: Exactly. You know, I was strong in all subjects except physics.Now Ive finally passed the testthe one I needed to qualify
29、for aBachelors degree.Nora: Congratulations! Youd failed it three times. Now wonder youre beaming. Whats the other good news?John: The multinational I was dong my field project at offered me a job at a good slaring salary.Nora: Wow, wonderful, simple wonderful.John: 1 feel like celebrating. Shall we
30、 go to a bar?Nora: Why not?Now Your TurnTasklSAMPLE DIALOGA: You look furious. What happened?B: Nothing. Fd rather not talk about it. Just dont ask.A: Come on. You shouldnt keep your feeling to yourself. You need to let off some stream. So, talk tome.B: All right. This morning I went to a shop to bu
31、y a digital camera, I only need an ordinary one. It is enough for my tours in the summer vacation. Buy they persuaded me to buy a professional camera, which cost three times as much.A: But you were willing to buy for it. Anyway, it must work better.B: You see, I know next to nothing about photograph
32、y. So they simply tricked me into buying an expensive one.A: No wonder youre livid with rage. Id be mad too if I were robbed like that. What are you going to do?C: I already went back to them and asked to exchange it for a cheaper one.A: What did they say?B: Oh, they were rude. They insisted that th
33、ey hadnt encouraged me to buy a professional camera, and that I bought it myself.A: Sounds like you got a raw deal!B: Whats worse, as I was leaving, I heard they say, “That guy looks broke. He shouldnt have bought any camera.A: Dont let it get to you. Better ignore their rude remarks.B: I agree. I d
34、id manage to keep my cool.A: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Agency. If they talk to the shop, maybe they will give you a refund.B: Sounds too good to be true.V. Lefs TalkScriptHello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration off th
35、e causes of depression. There ate many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.Heredity certainly plays a role. .The tendency to develop depression may be inherited; there is evidence that this disorder may run in families.Physiology is another factor related to depression. Th
36、ere may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters so as to increase brain communication.While the causal relationship is unclear; it is known that an
37、tidepressant medications do reliever certain symptoms of depression.Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of ones personality and how one has learned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is freeqently observed that low self-este
38、em and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Another factor causing depression is ones earl
39、y experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can also increase the likelihood of depression later in life.Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of un
40、employment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.It is worth nothing that those living with someone suffering from depression experience increased anxiety which adds to the possibil
41、ity of their also becoming depressed.Depression-causin g FactorsProblem DescriptionSolutionHeredityIt is inherited and run infamilies.Physiologychanges or imbalances in chemicalscalledneurotransmitters,whichtransmit information in the brainAntidepressant drugsrelievecertainsymptomsofdepression.Psych
42、ologicalFactorsLow self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression.Sufferers who make correction to their thinking patterns can showimprovedmoodandself-esteem.Early ExperiencesEvent like the death of a parent, the divorce of parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe phvsica
43、l abuse can increase the likelihood of depression.PresentExperiencesJobloss,financialdifficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other familymember, or long-term stress may trigger depression.LivingwithsomebodywithdepressionThis causes increased anxiety, which adds to the pos
44、sibility of their also becoming depressed.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: Reason and EmotionScriptEmotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason; s is suggested by phrase such as“ appeal to emotions rather than reason and dont let your emotions take over. Emotional reactions someti
45、mes produce consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they could not control their actions. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is a contradiction between emotion and reason.However, re
46、cent empirical studies do not suggest there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed fact. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, wi
47、th some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called cold”, and other;involving the extremes of pure emotion not related to logical agreement, which is called “the heat of passion. The relation logic and emotiorits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can re
48、inforce argument, event one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have sugge