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1、Uint1II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Im beside myself with joy. Im so lucky. Guess what? Ive won a lit of money in the lottery.W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right?Q: What does the woman mean?2. ScriptW: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car.M: He shoul
2、dnt have driven a car without a drivers license. Hes still taking driving lesson.Q: What do we know about Marys son?3. ScriptM: Susan, I hear youre going to marry that guy. Some people think youll regret it.W: Is that so? Only time tell.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: Mary, I just want to s
3、ay how sorry I was to learn of your mothers passing. I know how close you two were?W: Thank you. It was so sudden. IM still in a state of shock I dont know what to do. Q: Which of following is true?5. ScriptW: I get furious at work when my opinions arent considered just because Im a woman.M: You sho
4、uld air your view more emphatically and demand that your vice be heard.Q: What is the woman complaining about?Keys: 1.C 2.B 3. D 4.A 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Mary: Dam! Youre spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined.John: I m terrible sorry! What can I do to hel
5、p? Heres some water to wash it off.Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! Im a mess.John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please dont blow up. Dont lose your cool.Mary: Hmm, youve got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldnt fly off the handle? This dress cost a fortune.Jo
6、hn: You look really cute when youre mad. I kid you not. Some people do look attractive when they are in a rage.Mary: This is very expensive dress. I saved for months to buy it, and now its ruined. Look at this stain!John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and Ill take it to the cleaners.Mary:
7、 Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it to you? I dont even know you!John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. Im John Owen.Mary: Mmm, at least youre polite. I guess I really shouldnt have flared up. After all, it was an accident. Im Mary Harvey.John: Come
8、on. Ill take you home. You can change your clothes, and Ill get the dress cleaned for you.Mary: Now youre talking. Thanks. Youre a real gentleman.John: Youd better believe it. Im glad to see that youve cooled down. Feel look a bite to eat afterward? Im starving.Mary: Ok. Youre pretty good. Im not ne
9、arly as mad. If you can get this stain out, Ill be very happy.John: Ill try my best. But if I cant get the stain out, please dont let your happiness turn to wrath.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog?2. Why does the woman get angry?3. What does the man say to please the w
10、oman when she looks angry?4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman?5. What is the mans final proposal?Keys: 1D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.CTask 2: Big John is coming!ScriptA bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (S1) owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some i
11、nstructions on (S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, (S3) drop everything and run for the hills! Hes the biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw whos ever lived!”A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand comes running th
12、rough town (S6) yelling, “Big John is coming! Run for your (S7) lives!”When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As hes picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. Hes muscular, and is growing
13、 as he approaches the bar.He steps up to the door, orders the poor barkeep inside, and demands, “I want a beer NOW!”He strikes his heavy fist on the bar, splitting it in half. (S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking. He takes the beer, bites the top of the bottle off, an
14、d downs the beer in one gulp.As the terrified bartender hides behind the bar, the big man gets up to leave, “Do you want another beer?” the bartender asks in a trembling voice.“Dang it, I dont have time!” the big man yells, (S10) “I got to get out of town! Dont you hear Big John is coming?”Task3: A
15、View of HappinessScriptDr. Smith has proposed a reasonable, if perhaps somewhat oversimplifies, view of happiness. According to his theory, happiness might be described as a state if balance. And when human or certain animals achieve that balance, they rend to remain in that condition in order to re
16、peat the happy feeling. To illustrate this, we may study two magnets. When their positive and negative poles meet, they are comfortably joined, and they remain there. In other words, they have attained a balance or state of happiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive
17、pole is presses against positive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness.Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that
18、led to satisfaction of those goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness.According to this theory, only animals with a significant capacity to learn should be able to experience happiness. But in truth learning can take place through surprisingly simple
19、short-term action such as scratching an itch, followed by pleasure, followed by more scratching, and so on. Thus learning can occur with almost no conscious thought.For human beings, blessed with the ability to reason, goals are not limited to the short-term satisfaction of needs. Indeed, there is a
20、 strong link between happiness and the fulfillment of long-term goals. Even if human strive for goals that are more complex and longer-term than the animals goals, once those goals are gained, happiness is reinforced.1. Why does the speaker mention “magnets”?2. According to the passage, what may ani
21、mals do after they have got food?3. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?4. What does the speaker say is special about the goals of human beings?5. Which of the following best captures the main idea of the passage? Keys: 1D 2.C3. B 4.D 5.AIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Dont let it get to
22、 you!Susan: You look so angry. What happened? Chris: Nothing Id rather not talk about it. Just dont ask.Susan: Come on. Relax. Talk to me.Chris: All right. This morning I took my car to the garage to check the air conditioner. They only gave it a quick look, refilled it with some Freon, and charged
23、me 300bucks!Susan: No wonder youre livid. Id be mad too if someone ripped me off like that.Chris: Yeah. And they were rude. They said I didnt know anything about cars, which I dont, but they didnt have to be blunt!Susan: Sounds like you got a raw deal!Chris: Whats worse, as I was leaving, I herd the
24、n saying, “Dont trust that guy. He looks broke.” When I heard that, I almost hit the roof.Susan: Dont let it get to you. Better ignore them.Chris: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.Susan: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Agency.Chris: sounds lik
25、e a good idea.MODEL2 Im too depressed.ScriptSusan: Chris, I hear youve been down in the dumps, so Ive come to cheer you up.Chris: Its not gong o work. Im too depressedSusan: Come, on. Tell me whats on your mind.Chris: Everything. My girlfriend left me; my dog ran away; my wallet was stolen.Susan: Do
26、nt worry. Ill help you solve the biggest problem: finding you a new girlfriend.Chris: Forget it. Anyway, Im getting bad grades, and I was told that Id have to repeat a lot of courses next year. When I heard that, I almost lost it.Susan: Look, relax. Ill help you with those courses.Chris: Yeah, but I
27、 also have three weeks laundry to do., and my room is a pigsty.Susan: Forget it. Youre on your own.Chris: Come, on. What are friends for?Susan: To keep you in high spirits; not to do your laundry.MODEL3 You seem to be on top of the world.ScriptNora: Oh, hey, John!John: Hey!Nora: You seem to be on to
28、p of the world tonight. Whats up?John: Im so happy Im about to burst. Guess what?Nora: Youve got me.John: It might be true that misfortunes never come singly, but you can also have a “double blessing”. And thats what I had.Nora: You mean youve had two happy events in your life?John: Exactly. You kno
29、w, I was strong in all subjects except physics. Now Ive finally passed the test-the one I needed to qualify for a Bachelors degree.Nora: Congratulations! Youd failed it three times. Now wonder youre beaming. Whats the other good news?John: The multinational I was dong my field project at offered me
30、a job at a good staring salary.Nora: Wow, wonderful, simple wonderful.John: I feel like celebrating. Shall we go to a bar?Nora: Why not?Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGA: You look furious. What happened?B: Nothing. Id rather not talk about it. Just dont ask.A: Come on. You shouldnt keep your feeling
31、 to yourself. You need to let off some stream. So, talk tome.B: All right. This morning I went to a shop to buy a digital camera, I only need an ordinary one. It is enough for my tours in the summer vacation. Buy they persuaded me to buy a professional camera, which cost three times as much.A: But y
32、ou were willing to buy for it. Anyway, it must work better.B: You see, I know next to nothing about photography. So they simply tricked me into buying an expensive one.A: No wonder youre livid with rage. Id be mad too if I were robbed like that. What are you going to do?B: I already went back to the
33、m and asked to exchange it for a cheaper one.A: What did they say?B: Oh, they were rude. They insisted that they hadnt encouraged me to buy a professional camera, and that I bought it myself.A: Sounds like you got a raw deal!B: Whats worse, as I was leaving, I heard they say, “That guy looks broke.
34、He shouldnt have bought any camera.”A: Dont let it get to you. Better ignore their rude remarks.B: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.A: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Agency. If they talk to the shop, maybe they will give you a refund.B: Sound
35、s too good to be true.V. Lets TalkScriptHello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration off the causes of depression. There ate many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.Heredity certainly plays a role. .The tendency to develop depression may be inherited;
36、there is evidence that this disorder may run in families.Physiology is another factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurot
37、ransmitters so as to increase brain communication. While the causal relationship is unclear; it is known that antidepressant medications do reliever certain symptoms of depression.Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of ones personality and how one has l
38、earned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is freeqently observed that low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections
39、to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Another factor causing depression is ones early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can also increase the likelihood of depression later in
40、 life.Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.It is worth nothing
41、that those living with someone suffering from depression experience increased anxiety which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.Depression-causing FactorsProblem DescriptionSolutionHeredityIt is inherited and run in families.Physiologychanges or imbalances in chemicals called ne
42、urotransmitters, which transmit information in the brainAntidepressant drugs relieve certain symptoms of depression.Psychological Factors Low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression.Sufferers who make correction to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self
43、-esteem.Early ExperiencesEvent like the death of a parent, the divorce of parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can increase the likelihood of depression.Present ExperiencesJob loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family mem
44、ber, or long-term stress may trigger depression.Living with somebody with depressionThis causes increased anxiety, which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Reason and EmotionScriptEmotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason;
45、s is suggested by phrase such as” appeal to emotions rather than reason” and “dont let your emotions take over”. Emotional reactions sometimes produce consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they could not control their actions. Thus, i
46、t is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is a contradiction between emotion and reason.However, recent empirical studies do not suggest there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive re
47、sponse to observed fact. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called “cold”, and others involving the extremes of pure emotion not related to
48、logical agreement, which is called “the heat of passion”. The relation logic and emotion merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an argument, event one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and pass