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1、转折单词：ButHoweverYetInsteadUnfortunatelyFortunatelyIndeedIn factActuallyAlthoughThoughWhileNevertheless 然而Nonetheless尽管如此，但是WhereasIn spite of因果原因：becauseBecause ofSinceForAsDue toOwing toIn that结果：SoSo thatThereforeThusHenceAs a resultConsequentlyAccordinglyImplicationConsequenceEffect导致（原因结果）CauseLe
2、ad toResult inGive rise toRenderProduceMakeLetAskSupportSpurSparkStimulateFuelPushMotivatePromptBe responsible forInspire源自（结果原因）DeriveComeResultOriginateInitiateStemSpringEmanate fromBe attributable toBe responsive toGrow out of反映，体现（例子是结果；观点，结论是原因结果原因）ReflectPresentDemonstrateShowSuggestIllustrate
3、考虑到/依靠（原因）GivenOn account ofIn view ofThanks toIn light ofIn terms ofRely onDepend onResort toCount on条件词（原因）IfWhenWhileOnceAsAs soon asAs long as观点ThinkThoughtBelieve Belief Maintain Suppose Suspect Suspicion InsistDoubt Assert Assertion Contend Contention Argue Argument AgreeAttemptMoanComplainSay
4、HoldAssumeClaimDeclareHyperThesisIdeaOpinionWarnAdvocate 提倡Fear担心Trade = exchange A for B把A换成BIn sympathy with point of view同意观点Relieved sb of sth使免遭受Intensify=regard A and B as C把A和B当做CPreside over the decision作出决定Preside at the meeting主持会议核心单词一一考前过三遍Intellectual知识分子、和知识有关的Dominate支配，统治Commitment 责
5、任Priority 重点Constrain 约束Comply遵守Innovation 仓U 新Mechanical机械的，呆板的，不变的Render = make 解释Facilitate 促进Inclination 爱好Dynamic变化的，推动力Deprive 剥夺Collateral相关联的Vulnerable敏感的，易受伤害的Negligence 疏忽Acquired后天的，习得的Inquire 询问Conservative 保守Apprehensive 焦虑，忧虑Accuracy 准确In the wake of 随着Susceptible 易于Relieve免除,减轻A is re
6、lieved of B A 不受 BIntimidating令人害怕Endeavor 努力Approach 方法Undermine 破坏Unveil揭示Denounced 谴责Appalling令人恐怖的Indicative 象征Diffuse 稀释Underlie引起/是的基础/存在于之中Eg：1 , technology improvements underlie these trends科技进步，将成为，此发展趋势，的基础2 , many factors underlie my decision我们的决定，以众多因素，为基础3 , many facts underlie my decis
7、ion我的决定，是以许多事实，为依据的4 , some personal difficulty underlies his lack of interest in work ?某种个人困难，导致他对工作，缺乏兴趣Entail = involve 需要 deteriorate恶化，变坏 Dynamic动态的，变化的，动能 Intriguing 有趣的，诡异的 Seethe ( with deep anger or resentment )因生气，或者怨恨激动Variety 种类Sensational轰动的，极好的Observe 遵守Assume承担Advocate支持，提出主张，倡导者Weird
8、奇怪Substantially = very 相当的Dividend红利，股息Hedge funds对冲基金，一种风险投资方式Premium奖金，佣金，担保费Solvency偿债能力Reciprocal 相互的Reciprocal basis 互惠原则Reciprocal duty 互惠关税Fallout 影响The current crisis and its political fallout当前危机，及其政治影响Balance sheets资产负债表Contemplate ,思考Currency 货币Vehemence热情，愤怒Voter * s vehemence 愤怒，热情Tacti
9、c方法，策略Arrogance 傲慢Transient暂时的Stand观点Grieve为悲伤Vantage优势地位Deride嘲笑Forsake 抛弃Harness治理，利用Trample违反，伤害Trample on the ruleFraud欺骗Forgery 伪造Rival竞争Faith信念，信心Residential construction 住房建设Overhaul 检修Emerging markets 新兴市场Turmoil 混乱Sort out 分类Governance 管理方法Devastating毁灭性的Repository 放东西的地方，库Reference 参考，提及Ve
10、nture investment 风险投资Recur重现Formulate构想，构思Mechanism 机制Perpetual永恒的，经常发生的Merge 合并Campaign尽力做某事Privilege优先权Crunch 危机，困境Vault银行金库Intervene 干涉Deride嘲笑Odds机会Odd staff 临时工Sibling兄弟姐妹Orthodox 传统的，正统的Obscure 遮盖，使难懂Dubious不可靠Deductible 可扣除的Advisability 明智Indices 指数（index的复数）Harness治理，利用Inclining / incline 倾向
11、Aesthetic审美的，和美有关的Vexed 争论不休的Constrain 限制必考词汇一一必考词意1, edge优势To gain competitive edge2, unseemly behavior 不雅的行为Unethical不雅的Decent体面的Courtesy礼节，礼貌Towel毛巾wipe off 洗刷wash basin洗脸盆Passenger 旅客3, impossibly = very4, school 学派5, fashion policies / laws 推行法律6, cause 事业Great causeMisguided cause7, delivery传递
12、方式Content and delivery 内容和交付8, contend 认为Argue认为9, exceptional例外的，特殊的，优秀的ExceptionalBrilliantGreatSuccessfulWell acceptedGood enoughMediocremi ：小,普通的，平凡的10, compare / contrast11, knowledge 了解12, weather 克月艮13, intelligence 智商，情报Intellect有知识的人Intellectualism 理智主义Intellectual知识分子，聪明的14, discipline纪律,教
13、训，惩罚，学科15, overlook 忽视Overrate 高估16, acquisitive对钱财的渴望，贪得无厌Vanity虚荣Vulgar粗俗的Greedy贪婪的17, fairly过得去Strictly = very = strikingly = deliciously =markedly = distinctively18, approach 方法19, push积极，进取Passion Work 激情的工作Focus Push Ideas重点推动的想法Improve Work persist持续改善工作20, high profile形容人：高调的形容事情：引人注目的=much
14、publicized21, game 猎物22, spell 一段时间Optimistic spell 乐观时期Initial optimism最初的乐观23, odd = strange,奇怪的odd staff临时工24, controversialist 争论者25, entertaining = interesting 有趣的26, code 规则27, far-reaching影响深远的Farfetched牵强的，靠不住的28, the superiority 优势the inferiority 劣势，自卑The powerful 强者The powerless 弱者29, blam
15、eA is to blame for B30, temper = curb=control = harness 控制31, broker经理人32, vulnerable = susceptible 易受伤害的 remain immune to 免疫 Disorder 混乱Prone to = likely to = vulnerable to Vulnerability = weak point33, off shoring 离岸外包34, version 版本Variation 变化35, cover报道，支付，掩盖36, buy ：i don*t buy it 我不接受37, draft
16、 制定38, assume采取，呈现，假定39, literature 文学40, legal community 法律社会 Academic establishment 学术机构41, customize 定制42, vested interest 既得利益43, scrutiny and scorn 监督和嘲讽44, arguably毫无疑问45, high-flying = ambitious 野心勃勃46, disgrace 被罢免47, ostentatious 炫耀，铺张.ostentei/ss48, seething anger 极度愤怒49, abuzz 哗然bisarray无
17、秩序，混乱Intel lectual - property lawyers知识产权律师50, raise eyebrows = abuzz51, middle brow文化修养一般High brow文化修养高的52, implication 影响，暗示53, aggressive use of medicine积极使用药54, guard 警惕55, alert 警惕Alarm警惕On the cliffOn the alert56, procedure 手术，手段Medical procedure 医疗手段Medical initiative 医疗手段Surgical procedure 外
18、科手术57, the best resort 最好的手段58, the last resort 最后的手段59, more +肯定60, less +否定61, insteadInstead ofIntimate store 内衣店62, political stand 政治立场=political consideration63, substantial本质,大量的 Cost reduction 降低成本64, practice 做法65, underline 强调66, respectRespectfully 尊敬地Race种族Creed信条Respective idea公认的理论67,
19、poach 窃取=hunt in an underhand way 阴险的68, underlieA underlies B A是构成B的基础A underlies B A 是 B 的原因Refugees 难民69, symptom 症状70, group 分类71, threat to 威胁Threat of的威胁72, increase by 增力口了Increase to 增加到73, mountainMountainous 大量的Mountainous debt 负债累累74, objectionable 令人反感的=bis tastefulObject反对objective75, p
20、ractical 实际的 Theoretical理论上的 definite = tangible 明确的76, analogue类似，模拟Digital数字的77, episode 插曲78, dispassion 冷静,公正79, virtually=literally = actually 事实上80, triumph 胜利81, elegant system 高效系统82, underprivileged youngster贫困的年轻人83, advertiser 广告客户Advertising agency 广告公司84, embrace 拥抱85, net profit 纯收益86,
21、 enthusiasm = passion 激情87, enhance = promote 提高88, desireDesirable令人满意的Undesirable讨厌的人89, technology and technique工艺技术90, controversialist 争论者91, rule判定，决定92, emerging market 新兴市场93, redundancy 备份，冗长 Restoration 恢复94, wedge ： predictable wedge 可以扩大作用的开端95, humble method卑微的方法 Humble house 简陋的房子96, a
22、rresting argument弓I人注目的论点短语搭配1, sort out整理，整顿，解决2, ardour a i do热情，信心 Dampen the investor s ardour 抑缶!JArdent love for the life 热烈的3, worn out精疲力尽4, draw up 制定5, wield使用,施加Wield the powerWield the influence6, relieve减轻，免除Relieve sb of sth 使免受The legislation / law will relieve us of disaster7, introd
23、uce sth /sb to sb 介绍 Introduce sth = draft 缶！J 定8, be obliged to do sth有义务做某事 Be /feel obliged to sth 感激 Obliged sb to do sth9, so as to 为了.10, increase to /by使）增加（或增长、扩大）到11, check the power of 遏制.权力 Condition、limit12, swear at 咒骂13, to the letter 严格的14, side with 支持On the side = by the way 顺便说一声15
24、, bombard 发送大量.16, in the wake of 随着A在先，B在后：A emerges in the wake of BA follows BA track the emergence of BA rises, following in the wake of B-一（A,B同时）A rises in the company of BA owed its emergence to B17, with it 随之18, side with 支持19, at the end of the day 说到底20, in effect 实际上To the effect大概意思21,
25、middle-brow文化修养一般High brow文化修养高22, jet lag 时差23, silver lining 一线希望24, up in the air 悬而未决25, continuing along this path继续沿着这条道路26, put another way 换句话说27, fair play公平竞争，平等对待28, pink slip解雇通知书29, more often than not = often30, the decline of telephone is but all too natural in communication developme
26、nt电话的衰落只是太自然的交流发展31, subscribe to sth 订阅32, elude 使.远离33, witness 目击，证人34, to ones credit：好在35, one-shot deals 一锤子买卖36, a long shot机会不大37, keep abreast of 了解38, harsh realities39, other than40, shell out 支付41, to keep your head above water形容人手头紧张，但是还可以勉强维持42, to be in deep water 陷入困境43, a big deal某人
27、、某事很重要44, a wild goose chase花费时间追逐没有用的事情45, a culture vulture文化狂热分子46, a flash in the pan 昙花一现，短时间的走红47, a flash of inspiration 灵光一闪48, with flying colours以优异成绩取得成功49, fly off the handle 大发脾气50, to get a handle on something 理解，掌握某事51, once in a blue moon,罕见的52, the sky is the limit 没有限制。任何可能性都存在53,
28、pull yourself together 控制自己行为，情绪54, to pay lip service 言不由衷55, to give someone some lip 出言不逊56, face something head-on 勇敢面对,处理碰到的困难，问题Chronic长期的57, a long shot机会不大58, put on a brave face装作若无其事59, you are blue in the face 不会成功60, the lion s share你得到的那一份是最大的61, get to grips with认真处理难题62, to flip out由于
29、震惊而失控，暴怒63, the flip side 反面64, in deep water遇到大麻烦65, a second wind恢复精力，再次崛起66, steep learning curve 学习曲线67, perfect competition 完全竞争68, tit for tat针锋相对69, game theory 博弈论Marked difference 显著差别Strikingly differentDistinctly important 极为重要的70, industriousness and thrift 勤俭71, took root 扎根72, long bef
30、ore早在之前Before long =soon73, as作为74, replace ： A is replaces BB is replaced by ATrade：sb trades B for A：用 B 换回 ASubstitute：代替75, for the better part of a decade 近十年大部分时间：7,8年76,all walks of life 各行各业77, prior to在之前78, scale back相应缩减79, feeble微弱的，无力的80, guts to crack the nuts81, time was when =曾经82, t
31、ake a page from 跟同意替换1, purchasing power of incomes Maximize their incomes=increase the purchasing power of incomes2, property=real estate 财产 Stock exchange证券交易所 Venture investment 风险投资 Property industry3, precision=accuracy4, thinking ability = critical thinking=creative = innovation5, reasoning =
32、logical thought = thought6, popular culture = common culture7, cultural power = assimilating power8, prevent = hinder = refrain = deter Illness prevented him from going there 他生病了，所以没去9, judge = justice10, apprehensive ability 理解能力 Apprehension = worry11, mind = people = individual12, faith = confid
33、ence=assertiveness 信心13, drug = medicine14, dismiss 斥责=rebuke = criticize15, tap开发Tap the market = explore the market =expand the market16, entail = make=cause = render = underlie17, natureNurture / born 培养/天生Made / inherited 遗传Acquired 先天/ innate 先天Cognitive / intuitive 直觉Made / born18, attribute =
34、 character = trait = merit=feature = virtue 特点19, complementary = auxiliary 辅助的20, precision = accuracy 准确21, suits = enable =entail 使能够22, visualize = imagine=conceive=envision23, mechanical = unchanged Mechanical learningDynamic = changeable variable, vary Modify = change24, distinction = fame 名声2
35、5, implication = connotation=suggestion = reference 暗示 Carry important implications for26, accumulation = expansion=augmentation 增大27, literally 逐字的=actually=absolutely 完全地=virtually 事实上28, initiatives = measuresInitiatives = intention 目的Initiative = active 积极的Initiative = primitive = beginning 自发29
36、, spontaneity = informal 自发Craft = formal 正式30, endeavors = efforts = acts 努力31, doubt = deny = dont believe Suspect = believe 认为32, determine = find out 决定33,经济下滑Slowing economySoftening economyStagnant economy Economic recession Economic declineEconomic stagnationEconomic stagnantDepression lowdow
37、n34, symptoms = negative example 症状35, frames = body 框架36, grasp = understanding 理解37, reshape = remold 重塑38, entitle = give=confer = grant 授予39, license suspension 吊销执照=punishment 处罚40, determination = resolution 决，心41, chronic or repeated 慢性和反复=durable and frequent42, envision = visualize = imagin
38、e 想象43, unfocused = free theme 不集中44, category = field 分类，领域=sphere = domain = area45, reshape = remade = remold 重塑46, curb控制，抑制=restrain=check=controlFilm vision 电影版Play扮演Scold责骂Unattractive assistant缺乏魅力的助手Imagine 认为High fashion高端时尚Explain 解释Sweater 毛衣Doubtless毫无疑问Descend d/send下降Fashion show时装舞台D
39、epartments stores 百货公司Bargain bin廉价商品处理区Garment 衣服Top-down conception至上而下的理念 the fashion business 时尚业Couldn t be more out of date 十分过时at odds争执，不一致 feverish fizvsn/狂热的 Indictment 控诉inDdaitmont=accusationFast fashion快速时尚The last decade or so 在过去十年左右Advances in technology技术方面的进步Mass-market labels 大众品牌
40、React to trends more quickly对时尚趋势反映的更快Anticipate demand more precisely 对市场需求估计的更准确Quicker turnarounds 更快的周转Wasted inventory 库存浪费invontriFrequent release频繁的发布More profit更多利润Labels品牌Style-conscious consumer有时尚意识的消费者Disposable 一次性的Meant意味着Although 虽然Advertise宣传，鼓励Renew更新Wardrobe 衣橱On-trend items 时尚单品Di
41、rt-cheap prices 非常便宜的Brand品牌Hijack绑架Fashion cycles 时尚圈Shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace打破了，时尚圈，习惯的季节性更新的步调Victim受害者Revolution 革命Designer设计师Knit miniskirt针织迷你裙Rely on依赖于Low-wage overseas labor海夕卜廉价劳动力Order in 定制Volumes fvoljuimz量Strain危害natural resources 自然资源Massive amounts of ha
42、rmful chemicals大量的有害化学物质Overdressed穿着过于考究Fashion world时尚世界Bestseller 畅销书Consumer - activist维护消费者利益Activist积极分子Non-durable 不耐用Wasteful 浪费Mass-produced clothing大规模生产的衣服Roughly 大约No matter 不管Give away失去，赠送Excess超量的Lead to导致Ideal理想的The first to note首先注意到的Can t be knocked off 不可复制的Several fast-fashion co
43、mpanies许多快速时尚公司Make effort to 努力Curb控制Impact影响Labor劳动力Environment 环境Green conscious collection line绿色环保自觉行动Lasting持续的Be effected by由来实现Exhibit 展现Idealism理想主义Advocates of sustainability支持可持续性的人vanity虚荣心Constant持续存在Criticize 批评Assistant 助手Poor bargaining skill不擅长讨价还价Insensitivity to fashion 对时尚不敏感Obse
44、ssion with 热衷于High fashion新潮时尚Lack of imagination 缺乏想象力Urge鼓励Consumers消费者Combat反对Unnecessary waste不必要的浪费Shut out the feverish fashion world排斥狂热的时尚世界Resist the influence of advertisement抵制广告的影响Accusation 指控Enthusiasm 热情Indifference 冷漠Tolerance 容忍Idealists理想主义者Last-fashion industry 快速时尚业Unaffordable garments 买不起的衣服Pricing 定价Be vital to对.很重要Environment-friendly purchasing 环保购物Subject 主题Satire on 讽刺scetaiQ（r）Extravagant lifestyle奢侈浪费，生活作风Challenge to对挑战High-fashion industry 快速时尚业Criticism 批评Exposure of a mass-market secret对大众市场的解密Suggest 暗示Ea