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1、-第 1 页高级英语第二册高级英语第二册-第 2 页Unit 1:Face to Face with Hurricane Camilleby Joseph P.BlankI.Additional Background Knowledge1.Hurricane;typhoon;cyclone2.SalvationArmy3.Red CrossII.Introduction to the Passage1.Type of literature:Apiece of narration-character(protagonist/antagonist)-action(incidents,events,
2、etc.)-conflicts(suspense,tension)-climax-denouement2.Main idea3.Organization：-introduction-development-climax-conclusionIII.Effective Writing Skills:1.making effective use of verbs2.using many elliptical and short,simple sentences to achieve certain effectIV.Rhetorical Devices:1.transferred epithet2
3、.personification3.metaphor4.simileV.Special DifficultiesAvoiding the following kinds of mistakes:-第 3 页1.run-on sentences2.sentence fragments3.dangling modifiers4.illogical or faulty parallelism5.unnecessary shifts in point of view6.paraphrasing some sentences7.identifying figures of speechVI.Questi
4、ons1.What is the organizational pattern of this piece of narration?2.What does the writer focus chiefly on-developing character,action(plot),or idea(theme)?3.Who is the protagonist in the story?4.How does the writer build up and sustain the suspense in the story?5.Why did John Koshak feel a crushing
5、 guilt?Unit 2:Marrakech by George OrwellI.Additional Background Knowledge1.George Orwell2.Morocco3.Marrakech4.The Jewish peopleII.Introduction to the Passage1.Type of literature:a piece of exposition2.The purpose of a piece of exposition:-to inform or explain3.Ways of developing the thesis of a piec
6、e of exposition:-comparision,contrast,analogy,identification,illustration,analysis,definition,etc.4.The central thought or thesisIII.Effective Writing Skills:1.making effective use of specific verbs-第 4 页2.using the methods of contrast,illustration,comparision,etc.3.clever choice of words and scenes
7、 and tensesIV.Rhetorical Devices:1.rhetorical questions2.repetition3.metaphor4.simile5.elliptical sentencesV.Special Difficulties1.Making sentences more compact by proper subordination,such as subordinateclauses,appositives,prepositional or verbal phrases.2.Discriminating groups of synonyms:-wail,cr
8、y,weep,sob,whimper,moan-glisten,glitter,flash,shimmer,sparkle3.Paraphrasing some sentences4.Identifying figures of speechVI.Questions1.Orwell shows the poverty of the natives in at least five ways.Identify them.2.Could paragraphs 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before?Why or why not?3.Does this
9、essay give readers a new insight into imperialism?4.Comment on Orwells lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptivedetails.Unit 3:Pub Talk and Kings Englishby Henry FairlieI.Additional Background Knowledge1.pub/pub-friends2.Dumas/Three Musketeers3.Carlyle4.Charles Lamb-第 5 页II.Introduct
10、ion to the Passage1.Type of literature:a piece of exposition2.The thesis3.What makes a good conversation4.Seemingly loose organizationa.titleb.transitional paragraphc.digression5.Highly informal languagea.abundance of simple idiomatic expressions cheeked by jowl with copiousliterary and historical a
11、llusionsb.a mixed metaphor in paragraph 2III.Effective Writing Skills:1.deliberately writing this essay in a conversational style to suit the theme2.making effective use of specific verbsIV.Rhetorical Devices:1.metaphor2.mixed metaphor3.simileV.Special Difficulties1.Idiomatic expressions:-be on the
12、rocks-get up on the wrong side of the bed-be on wings-turn up ones nose at sth.-into the shoes of2.Allusions-descendants of convicts-Saxon churls-Norman conquerors-musketeers of Dumas3.The use of transitional devices-第 6 页-transitional words and expressions-pronoun reference-repetition of important
13、words4.Paraphrasing some sentences5.Identifying figures of speechVI.Questions1.What,according to the author,makes a good conversation?What spoils it?2.What is the authors attitude of the writer towards“the Kings English”?3.How does the use of words show class distinction?4.What does the writer mean
14、when he says,“the Kings English,like theAnglo-French of the Normans,is a class representation of reality”?Unit 4:InauguralAddressby John F.KennedyI.Additional Background Knowledge1.John F Kennedy2.His assasination3.Inauguration4.Inaugural address5.Cold war period:socialist camp vs.capitalist campII.
15、Introduction to the Passage1.Type of literature:political speech2.Object of a political speech:-to explain-to convince-to persuade3.Well organized and highly rhetorical4.Biblical style/language5.Often-quoted passagesIII.Effective Writing Skills:-第 7 页1.Employing suitable rhetorical devices and words
16、 to create the desired emotionalimpact2.clear order and appropriate tone to the different groups he is addressing3.Employing Biblical style deliberatelyIV.Rhetorical Devices:1.metaphor2.antithesis3.parallelism4.repetitionV.Special Difficulties1.Biblical language/quotations/style2.Using the following
17、 methods for force,vividness and emotional appeal:-Parallel and balanced structure-Repetition of important words-Antithesis3.Paraphrasing some sentences4.Identifying figures of speechVI.Questions1.Cite examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choiceand use of words.2.Is th
18、e address well organized?Comment on the order in which he addressed allthe different groups of nations and people.3.Is Kennedys argument and persuasion based mainly on facts and logic or onan appeal to emotions?Would this type of speech be successful on alloccasions?4.Is the tone and message suited
19、to the different groups he addresses?Give yourreasons.Unit 5:Love Is a Fallacyby Max Shulman-第 8 页I.Additional Background Knowledge1.The meaning of Logical fallacies2.Logical fallacies:-Dicto Simpliciter-Hasty Generalization-Poisoning the Well-Ad MisericordiamII.Introduction to the Passage1.Type of
20、literature:a piece of narrative writing-protagonist/antagonists-climax-denouement2.The main theme3.Well chosen title and words4.Style-a very fast pace with a racy dialogue full ofAmerican colloquialism and slang-employing a variety of writing techniques to make the story vivid,dramatic andcolorfulII
21、I.Effective Writing Skills:1.Employing colorful lexical spectrum,from the ultra learned terms to the infraclipped vulgar forms2.Too much figurative language and ungrammatical inversion for specificpurposes3.The using of short sentences,elliptical sentences and dashes to maintain thespeed of narratio
22、nIV.Rhetorical Devices:1.metaphor3.antithesis4.transferred epithet4.hyperbole-第 9 页5.metonymy6.litotes7.ellipsis8.synecdoche9.inversion10.simile11.mixed metaphor12.rhetorical questionsV.Special Difficulties1.Analyzing the logical fallacies2.Using inverted sentences to achieve emphasis3.Effectively u
23、sing many figures of speech4.Understanding colloquial expressions and slang5.Allusions:-Frankenstein-Pygmalion6.Paraphrasing some sentences7.Identifying figures of speechVI.Questions1.Define and give an example of each of the logical fallacies discussed in thisessay.2.Can you find any evidence to su
24、pport the view that the writer is satirizing abright but self-satisfied young man?3.Comment on the language used by Polly.What effect does her language create?4.Why does the writer refer to Pygmalion and Frankenstein?Are these allusionsaptly chosen?5.In what sense is the conclusion ironic?Unit 6:Dis
25、appearing Through the SkylightBy Osborne Bennet Hardison Jr.-第 10 页I.Additional Background Knowledge1.Abrief introduction to O.B.Hardison Jr.2.A brief introduction to his views in Culture and Technology in the TwentiethCentury3.International style4.Features of scientific EnglishII.Introduction to th
26、e Passage1.The central theme of“disappearance”-nature disappears-history disappears-solid banks disappears2.The four important ideas put forward-disappearance-the universalizing tendency of science and technology-man as a cosmopolitan-the playfulness of science3.Clearly and logically organizedIII.Th
27、e Stylistic Features1.Features of scientific English-technical terms such as thermodynamics,genetics,genetic mutation,etc.-short sentences and present tense used to express a universal statement2.Using figurative language freely to make ideas more vivid and forcefulIV.Rhetorical Devices:1.metaphor2.
28、analogies3.repetition4.balanced structures5.ellipsis6.rhetorical questionsV.Special Difficulties-第 11 页1.Some technical terms2.Understanding the metaphorical phrase“Disappearing Through the Skylight”3.The use of topic sentences4.The use of present tense and universal statements5.Paraphrasing some se
29、ntences6.Identifying figures of speechVI.Questions1.How does the writer substantiate his statement that science is committed to theuniversal?2.Why do banks appear to be disappearing through their own skylight?3.Sum up the main views of the writer and comment on how they are organizedand presented.4.
30、What stylistic features of scientific English are to be found in this piece?Citeexamples.5.Comment on the use of some figurative language.Cite examples.Unit 10:The Sad Young Menby Rod W.Horton&Herbert W.EdwardsI.Additional Background Knowledge1.Some terms:-The Sad Young Men-The Lost Generation-The B
31、eat Generation-TheAngry Young Men-Greenwich Village2.Some literary figures:-Gertrude Stein-E.Hemingway-F.Scott FitzgeraldII.Introduction to the Passage-第 12 页1.Type of literature:a piece of expositive writing2.The thesis stated in the last paragraph of the essay3.The structural organization of this
32、essay:clear and simple-para.1:introducing the subject-paras.2-9:supporting and developing the thesis-paras.10-11:bringing the discussion to an endIII.Effective Writing Skills:1.Effective use of topic sentences2.Developing a new but related aspect of the thought stated in the thesis in eachparagraph
33、or paragraph unit.IV.Rhetorical Devices:1.metaphor2.personification3.metonymy4.transferred epithetV.Special Difficulties1.Identifying and understanding Americanisms in this essay-speakeasy-sheik-drugstore cowboy-Babbitry-flapper-soap opera2.Understanding some terms-Puritan morality-provincial morali
34、ty/artificial walls-Victorian-Prohibition-the stalemate of 1915 1916-Greenwich Village-第 13 页-The Sad Young Men/The Lost Generation-keep up with the Joneses3.Prefixes“-un”and“-in”(-im,-il,-ir)bearing a negative meaning4.Paraphrasing some sentences5.Identifying figures of speechVI.Questions1.How did
35、World War I affect the younger generation?2.Why did young intellectuals of this period emigrate to Europe?3.Why were these writers called the“lost generation”?Were they really lost?4.How does the writer develop his central thought?Does he support his opinionswith convincing facts and details?5.Do you agree with the conclusion of the writer?Give your reasons.