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1、兰州 大学临床医学院教案The curriculum of Lanzhou University Clinical Medicine课程名称外科学Course name:考核方式Assessment methods:任课单位兰州大学第二医院Instructors units:任课教师 王志平教授Classroom teachers:授课年级授课时间Medium grade:Medium time:章 节Chapters第一章绪论Introduction授课时数Teaching hours2学时教学目的 与要求 Purpose and requirements of teaching1、了解外科
2、学的范畴，外科学发展简史。Understanding the scope and the history of surgery.2、怎样学习外科How to learn surgery教学重点 与难点 Teaching focus and difficulties1、外科学的来源及发展。The source and the development of surgery2、外科学研究的五大内容：损伤，感染，肿瘤，畸形，其他(肠梗阻，门 脉高压，甲亢等)百年来未变，但目前研究手段大为先进，可能取得突破， 创新性进展。The five elements of surgical research: i
3、njuryz infection, tumorr malformation and others (obstruction, portal hypertension, hyperthyroidism, etc.) over the past 100 years has not changed, but as the greatly advanced means of present study, which could achieve breakthroughs and innovative progress3,外科学发展简史，重点介绍近代突破手术疼痛，感染，抗菌，失血问题 Brief his
4、tory of surgical development t focus recent breakthroughs in surgical pain, infection, virus, hemorrhagic problems 4、我国外科学成就及新进展The achievements and progress of our country.5、怎样学习外科学How to learn surgery.一切为病人着想，在为病人服务中学习For the sake of all the patients , learning in the services for patients . 学习和处理
5、服务与学习、目的与手段、局部与整体的关系Learn and handle the relations of services and learning, purpose and means , partial and overall培养时间观念，集体观念，无菌观念Calculate the concept of time, collective and asepsis.重视基础理论、基本知识，基本技能。Attach to basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills 加强自学能力，理论联系实际能力，动手能力Strengthen self-lear
6、ning ability, the ability to integrate theory with practicalf hands capacity教学内容与 时间分配Teaching content and timedistribution外科学的来源及发展，外科学发展简史，重点介绍近代突破,我国外科学成 就及新进展,怎样学习外科学.The source and the development of surgery, Brief history of surgical development, focus recent breakthroughs in surgicalThe achie
7、vements and progress of our country. How to learn surgery.一节课45分钟One lesson fouty-five minutes教学方法教具使用Teaching methodsTeaching aids1 .大课与自学相结合，利用多媒体形式(包括幻灯、录像等)进行授课，可 极大的调动学习积极性，同时有利于对教学内容的理解。The combination of the self-study and the lesson, using multimedia format (including slides, video, etc) for
8、 the lectures which may mobilize active learning and understand teaching content.2 .鼓励学生们通过电子邮件对所学内容进行讨论。Encouraging students to discuss the content of questions through e-mail.使用教材、参考书 及常用网址 Materials, reference books and popular web sites1 .外科学(第6版)人民卫生出版社。Surgery (version 6) Peoples Health Publis
9、hing House.2 .吴阶平主编泌尿外科学山东科技出版社，1993年出版。Wu jieping editor-in-chief of urology0 Shandong Technology Press, published in 1993.3 .梅骅主编泌尿外科手术学人民卫生出版社，第2版。Mei hua editor-in-chief Surgical urologyM(version 2) Peoples Health Publishing House.4 .临床泌尿外科杂志，http： /www. zhmnwk. periodicals. cnoClinical Journal
10、of Urology, http： /.5 .中华泌尿外科杂志,http： /www. c jcu. com. cnoChina Journal of Urology ,http： /www. cjcu. com. cn.6 .科学出版社出版外科学中国科学院教材建设专家委员会规划教材医 学英文原版改编双语教材 Original Editors Lawrence W. Way GerardM. Doherty Chief Editorof Adaptation Edition ChenXiaoping(陈孝平)7 .北京大学医学出版社 Surgery 1英文原版教材MICHAEL.LAVELLE
11、-JONES8 .北京大学医学出版社Surgery 2英文原版教材JOHN A .DENT布置作业或思考题 Assignments怎样学习外科学How to learn surgery.or questions自学内容 Self-learning contents 学习和处理服务与学习、目的与手段、局部与整体的关系 Learn and handle the relations of services and learning, purpose and means , partial and overall见习内容 Probationary contents兰州 大学临床医学院教案The cur
12、riculum of Lanzhou University Clinical Medicine课程名称外科学Course name:考核方式Assessment methods:任课单位兰州大学第二医院Instructors units:任课教师王志平教授Classroom teachers:授课年级Medium grade:授课时间Medium time:-Hr早TChapters第二章 无菌术 Asepsis授课时数Teaching hours2学时教学目的 与要求Purpose and requirements of teaching1、树立无菌概念Establish the conce
13、pt of sterile2、掌握无菌术及灭菌、消毒三概念Master the three concepts of asepsis ,sterilization and disinfection3、熟悉外科手术所应包括的无菌术内容Familiar with the contents of asepsis in surgery4、掌握手术人员洗手、穿无菌手术衣和戴手套方法Master the way of washing hands, wearing clothes and sterile surgical gloves for surgical staff.5、学会对病人手术区域的皮肤(粘膜)
14、消毒和铺无菌巾Learn the disinfection of regional institute of skin for surgery patients (mucosa) and covering sterile towel 6、掌握手术进行中的无菌原则Grasp the principles of asepsis during Surgery.7、 解手术室的管理 Understanding the operating room manag教学重点与难 占 ，、八Teaching focus and difficulties1、树立无菌概念Establish the concept
15、of sterile2、掌握无菌术及灭菌、消毒三概念Master the three concepts of asepsis ,sterilization and disinfection3、熟悉外科手术所应包括的无菌术内容Familiar with the contents of asepsis in surgery4、掌握手术人员洗手、穿无菌手术衣和戴手套方法Master the way of washing hands, wearing clothes and sterile surgical gloves for surgical staff.5、学会对病人手术区域的皮肤(粘膜)消毒和
16、铺无菌巾Learn the disinfection of regional institute of skin for surgery patients (mucosa) and covering sterile towel 6、掌握手术进行中的无菌原则Grasp the principles of asepsis during Surgery.7、了解手术室的管理Under stan peratingroom m教学内容与 时间分配 Teaching content and time distributionl(lOminutes) 2 (15 minutes) 3(30 minutes)
17、 4(20 minutes) 5(20 minutes) 6(30minutes) 7(10 minutes)教学方法 教具使用 Teaching methods Teaching aids1 .大课与自学相结合，利用多媒体形式(包括幻灯、录像等)进行授课， 可极大的调动学习积极性，同时有利于对教学内容的理解。The combination of the self-study and the lesson, using multimedia format (including slides, video, etc) for the lectures which may mobilize act
18、ive learning and understand teaching content.2 .鼓励学生们通过电子邮件对所学内容进行讨论。Encouraging students to discuss the content of questions through e-mail.使用教材、参考书及常用 网址 Materials, reference books and popular web sites1 .外科学（第6版）人民卫生出版社。Surgery （version 6） Peoples Health Publishing House.2 .科学出版社出版外科学中国科学院教材建设专家委
19、员会规划教 材医学英文原版改编双语教材 Original Editors Lawrence W. Way GerardM. Doherty Chief Editorof Adaptation Edition ChenXiaoping（陈孝平）3 .北京大学医学出版社 Surgery 1英文原版教材MICHAEL.LAVELLE-JONES4.北京大学医学出版社 Surgery 2英文原版教材JOHN A.DENT布置作业 或思考题 Assignments or questions无菌术概念，无菌术在临床医学，尤其在外科领域中的重要性。The concept of asepsis, asepti
20、c operation in clinical medicine, particularly in the area of the importance of surgery自学内容Self-learning contents手术器械、物品的灭菌与消毒方法。The surgical instruments, methods of sterilization and disinfection goods见习内容Probationary contents1、手臂的刷洗与消毒：重点介绍肥皂水刷手和碘伏涂擦消毒法，同时附 带介绍传统的消毒液(如新洁尔灭、酒精)泡手消毒法和氨水洗手法。Arms brus
21、hing and disinfection: to highlight the disinfection act of soap and iodophor brushing hand, while to fringe on the traditional disinfection liquid (such as bromogeramine,alcohol) foaming handdisinfection method and washing hands of ammonia 2、无菌手术衣和戴无菌手套：重点介绍戴干手套法。Wearing Sterile surgical clothing a
22、nd sterile gloves: focusing on wearing dry gloves method 3：病人手术区域的皮肤(粘膜)消毒与铺巾Disinfection of regional skin surgery patients (mucosa) and covering towel兰州 大学临床医学院教案The curriculum of Lanzhou University Clinical Medicine课程名称外科学Course name:考核方式Assessment methods:任课单位兰州大学第二医院Instructors units:任课救师 岳中瑾教授C
23、lassroom teachers:授课年级Medium grade:授课时间Medium time:草 节ChaptersChapter 3 surgical shock授课时数Teaching hours2学时教学目的 与要求Purpose and requirements of teaching1、熟悉休克的微循环及代谢变化，内脏器官的继发性损害 familiar with the changes of microcirculation and metabolism and the secondary damage of visceral organ of Shock2、了解休克的分类U
24、nderstand the classification of shock:hypovolemic shock, septic shock, Cardiogenic shock, Neural shock. Anaphylactic shock3、熟练掌握外科休克的临床表现，休克的监测指标及意义Master the clinical performance of surgical shock, the monitoring indicators and its significance4、掌握抗休克的一般急救措施、治疗要点，血容量的补充和维持。血管活 性药物的应用Grasp the gener
25、al first aid, treatment points of anti-shock and the supplementary and maintaining of blood volume, the application of vasoactive drug5、低血容量性休克、感染性休克临床诊治要点The clinical diagnosis and treatment points of hypovolemic shock and septic shock教学重点 与难点 Teaching focus and difficulties1、熟悉休克的微循环及代谢变化，内脏器官的继发性
26、损害 familiar with the changes of microcirculation and metabolism and the secondary damage of visceral organ of Shock2、了解休克的分类Understand the classification of shock:hypovolemic shock, septic shock, Cardiogenic shock, Neural shock, Anaphylactic shock3、熟练掌握外科休克的临床表现，休克的监测指标及意义Master the clinical perform
27、ance of surgical shock, the monitoring indicators and its significance4,掌握抗休克的一般急救措施、治疗要点，血容量的补充和维持。血管活 性药物的应用Grasp the general first aid, treatment points of anti-shock and the supplementary and maintaining of blood volume, the application of vasoactive drug5、低血容量性休克、感染性休克临床诊治要点The clinical diagnos
28、is and treatment points of hypovolemic shock and septic shock教学内容与 时间分配Teaching content and time distributionl(35minutes) 2(15 minutes) 3(30 minutes) 4(30 minutes) 5(40 minutes)教学方法 教具使用1.大课与自学相结合，利用多媒体形式（包括幻灯、录像等）进行授课，可 极大的调动学习积极性，同时有利于对教学内容的理解。Teaching methodsTeaching aidsThe combination of the se
29、lf-study and the lesson, using multimedia format (including slides, video, etc) for the lectures which may mobilize active learning and understand teaching content.2.鼓励学生们通过电子邮件对所学内容进行讨论。Encouraging students to discuss the content of questions through e-mail.使用教材、参考书 及常用网址 Materials, reference books
30、 and popular web sitesL外科学（第6版）人民卫生出版社。Surgery （version 6） Peoples Health Publishing House.2 .科学出版社出版外科学中国科学院教材建设专家委员会规划教材医 学英文原版改编双语教材 Original Editors Lawrence W. Way GerardM. Doherty Chief Editorof Adaptation Edition ChenXiaoping（陈孝平）3 .北京大学医学出版社 Surgery 1英文原版教材 MICHAEL. LAV ELLE-JONES4 .北京大学医学出版
31、社Surgery 2英文原版教材JOHN A .DENT布置作业 或思考题 Assignments or questions休克的病理生理变化即微循环及代谢的变化以及继发性内脏器官的损害。the pathophysiological changes of shock( in the microcirculation and metabolic changes) and secondary damage to internal organs自学内容 Self-learning contents重要活性药物的选用及皮质激素的应用the importance of drug use and the
32、application of glucocorticoid.见习内容 Probationary contents抗休克的一般急救措施、治疗要点，血容量的补充和维持。血管活性药物的 应用treatment points of anti-shock and the supplementary and maintaining of blood volume, the application of vasoactive drug兰州 大学临床医学院教案The curriculum of Lanzhou University Clinical Medicine课程名称Course name:外科学考核方
33、式Assessment methods:任课单位兰州大学第二医院Instructors units:任课教师 王志平教授Classroom teachers:授课年级Medium grade:授课时间Medium time:草 节Chapterschapter 4 夕卜科病人体液失调Surgical patients humoralimbalance授课时数Teaching hours4学时教学目的 与要求 Purpose and requirements of teaching1、了解水、电解质及酸碱平衡在外科的重要性Understand the importance of the wate
34、r, electrolyte and acid-base balance in surgery2、掌握功能性、非功能性细胞外液等几个基本概念Master the several basic concepts of functional, non-functional extracellular3、熟悉机体自身对体液平衡及酸磴平衡的调节机制及重要性Familiar with the importance and the regulatory mechanism of the body fluid balance and acid-base balance4、掌握临床儿种缺水的特点、缺水程度的判断
35、及治疗原则(包括经验治疗 和公式计算治疗方法)Master the clinical characteristics of the water shortage, the judgment of water shortage degree and the treatment principles (including the experience of treatment and treatment calculated)5、掌握低钾血症的发生原因、临床表现及静脉补钾的基本原则。熟悉高钾 血症的紧急处理方法Master the causes of hypokalemia, clinical m
36、anifestations and the basic principles of intravenous potassium addition. Familiar with the emergency treatment of Hyperkalemia6、了解低钙血症的神经肌肉兴奋性的表现形式及处理方法Understand themanifestations of neuromuscularexcitability in hypocalcemia and its treatment methods7、熟练掌握代谢性酸中毒的发生机理、临床特点、诊断要点、治疗原则补 碱公式的灵活应用及注意事项M
37、astering the mechanism of metabolic acidosis and its clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment principles of the flexible formula-base application and attention8、了解代谢性碱中毒、呼吸性酸中毒、呼吸性碱中毒病因、临床表现、处 理要点Understand the causes 9 clinical manifestations and treatment points of metabolic alkalosis, respi
38、ratory acidosis, respiratory alkalos教学重点 与难点 Teaching focus and difficulties1、用归纳图表的方式简略讲解功能性、非功能性细胞外液等几个基本概念。 休液平衡、酸碱平衡的维持及调节。Usingsummarizedcharts,lecturefunctional,non-functional extracellular and other several basic concepts briefly and the maintenance and regulation fluid balance, acid-base bal
39、ance in.2、着重讲解等渗性脱水对血容量的影响，低渗性缺水不同程度的临床表现和几种补钠方式的应用，以及高渗性缺水的临床判断方法。列出几种缺水程 度的比较表。Focus on lecturing the the impact of iso-osmotic dehydration on blood volume , the clinical manifestations and application of sodium addition forms of different levels of hypotonic dehydration and the clinical judgment
40、method of hyperosmolar dehydration. List several comparison tables of dehydration3、详细讲解低钾血症几种主要临床表现，纠正低钾血症的方法，静脉补钾 的原则。Lecture the several major clinical manifestations of hypokalemia, the way of correcting hypokalemia, the principle of intravenous potassium addition.4、强调高钾血症的危险性，将高钾血症的紧急处理条理化，使其简单明
41、了， 便于讲解和记忆。Emphasize the risk of hyperkalemia, and make the urgent treatment clear presentation and simple to understand, so as to explain and memory5、以代谢性酸中毒为主线，将酸碱平衡公式与临床酸碱失衡的实际情况联 系起来讲授。讲清代谢性酸中毒临床特点，并以实例演示和讲解补碱计算公 式和经验公式的灵活应用，列出注意事项。Take the metabolic acidosis for a main line, lecture the acid-ba
42、se balance formula linked to the actual situation of clinical acid-base balance. Clarify the clinical features of metabolic acidosis, and give an example to demonstrate and explain the flexible application of filling base formula and empirical formula, list attention.6.简明扼要提出水、电解质、酸碱失衡临床综合处理原则。Brief
43、ly put out the principle of integrated clinical treatment of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance.教学内容与 时间分配 Teaching content and timedistribution1(15 minutes) 2 (15 minutes) 3(20 minutes) 4(30 minutes) 5(25 minutes) 6(10minutes) 7(30 minutes) 8(20 minutes)教学方法教具使用Teaching methodsTeaching aids整个
44、课程采用多媒体方法，配以必要的图片。The whole curriculum use multimedia, which has necessary pictures.使用教材、参考书1.外科学（第6版）人民卫生出版社。及常用网址 Materials, reference books and popular web sitesSurgery (version 6) Peoples Health Publishing House.2.科学出版社出版外科学中国科学院教材建设专家委员会规划教材医 学英文原版改编双语教材 Original Editors Lawrence W. Way GerardM
45、. Doherty Chief Editorof Adaptation Edition ChenXiaoping(陈孝平)3,北京大学医学出版社 Surgery 1英文原版教材 MICHAEL.LAVELLE-JONES4.北京大学医学出版社Surgery 2英文原版教材JOHN A .DENT布置作业 或思考题 Assignments or questions简明扼要提出水、电解质、酸碱失衡临床综合处理原则。Briefly put out the principle of integrated clinical treatment of fluid, electrolyte and acid
46、-base balance.自学内容 Self-learning contents镁、磷的异常Mg. Ps abnormal见习内容 Probationary contents举出一个实例，如腹膜炎，肠梗阻等，说明正确认识和处理水电解质平衡的 重要性及复杂性。Cite an example, such as peritonitis z intestinal obstructionr which can explain the importance and complexity of correct understanding and handling of the water and elec
47、trolyte balance.兰州 大学临床医学院教案The curriculum of Lanzhou University Clinical Medicine课程名称外科学Course name:考核方式Assessment methods:任课单位兰州大学第二医院Instructors units:任课教师岳中瑾教授Classroom teachers:授课年级授课时间Medium grade:Medium time:早TChapterschapter 5 多脏器功能不全综合症 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome授课时数Teaching hours4学时教学目的 与要求Purpose and requirements of teaching多脏器功能不全综合症(MODS)概念the concept multiple organ dysf