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1、Unit 1 Unit 1 Great Great scientistsscientists2021/8/11 星期三1Warming upWhat impress you most in 2003?2021/8/11 星期三2Which person impress you most during the SARS?Zhong Nanshan (钟南山钟南山)福建厦门人，出身于医学世家。中国福建厦门人，出身于医学世家。中国工程院院士，中华医学会会长。中国治疗呼吸系统疾病的领军人物。工程院院士，中华医学会会长。中国治疗呼吸系统疾病的领军人物。2021/8/11 星期三3Lets have a
2、competition!Do you know other scientists?The following is a quiz and lets find out who knows the most.2021/8/11 星期三41.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?B.ArchimedesC.Thomas EdisonA.Charles Darwin2021/8/11 星期三5Archimedes(287212 BC)Archimed
3、es:Ancient Greek.He was a mathematician.He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up.It rises and partly floats.2021/8/11 星期三6Give me a place to stand on,and I can move the earth.-Archimedes2021/8/11 星期三72.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed a
4、s the environment changed?A.Marie CurieC.Charles DarwinB.Gregor Mendel2021/8/11 星期三8Charlie Darwin(1808-1882)Britain naturalist.The Origin of Species was published in 1859.It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment.His book showed that people had
5、developed from apes.2021/8/11 星期三93.Who invent the first steam engine?A.Thomas NewcomenC.Thomas EdisonB.Archimedes2021/8/11 星期三10British,improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.(1663-1729)Thomas Newcomen2021/8/11 星期三114.Who used peas to s
6、how how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.A.Thomas EdisonC.ArchimedesB.Gregor Mendel格里哥孟德尔（奥地利遗传学家2021/8/11 星期三12Gregor MendelCzech(18221884)2021/8/11 星期三13 Gregor Mendel.The father of genetic.He grew pea plants and developed ideas on inherited characteristics.Betwee
7、n 18561863 he grew 28,000 pea plants.He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance(遗传遗传).2021/8/11 星期三145.Who discovered radium?A.Marie CurieC.NewtonB.Zhang Heng(1867-1934)(Polish and French,won two Nobel Prizes)2021/8/11 星期三15Marie Curie(1867-1934)
8、was born in Poland,moved to Paris and studied chemistry and physics there.She married Pierre Curie and together they studied radioactive materials and discovered radium.In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.Her death in 1934 was almost certainly due to radiation in her work.2021/8/11 星期三
9、166.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?A.Stephen Hawking C.Thomas EdisonB.Archimedes(1847-1931)an American inventor2021/8/11 星期三17Thomas Edison(1847-1931)He was already an inventor of other electrical devices(phonograph,electric light bulb)when in 1882 he designe
10、d a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station.This was a tremendous achievement,which had previously been thought impossible.2021/8/11 星期三18Thomas EdisonThe Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonographfunr:f 留留声机声机LightbulbMotion Pictures电影 2021/8/11 星期三197.Who was the pa
11、inter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?A.Gregor MendelC.Marie CurieB.Leonardo da Vinci莱昂纳多莱昂纳多达达芬奇芬奇(1452-1519)Italian artist2021/8/11 星期三20Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)He was a famous Italian artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come al
12、ive.He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible.One of his famous paintings includes the“The Last Supper”.2021/8/11 星期三218.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?A.Sir Humphry DavyC.FaradayB.Thomas Newcomen(1778-1829)British,英国化学家英国化学家煤矿安全灯发明者汉弗莱煤
13、矿安全灯发明者汉弗莱戴维爵士戴维爵士 2021/8/11 星期三22Sir Humphry Davy(17781829)British.He did research into different gases and discovered the medical value of nitrous oxide(laughing gas)as an anaesthetic.(麻醉药麻醉药)In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.2021/8/11 星期三239.Who invented the earliest instrument to tel
14、l people where earthquakes happened?A.Charles DarwinC.Watt B.Zhang Heng(78-139)Chinese,invented seismograph2021/8/11 星期三24Zhang Heng,Chinese(78-139)He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake.It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top,e
15、ach with a ball in its mouth.Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragons head.When an earthquake occurred,a ball fell out of the dragons mouth,making a noise.2021/8/11 星期三2510.Who put forward a theory about black holes?A.Stephen HawkingB.史蒂芬史蒂芬霍金（英国著名物理学家）霍金（英国著名物理学家）C.CopernicusB.Ar
16、chimedes(1942-)a British astronomer2021/8/11 星期三26Stephen Hawking,British(1942-)He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space.He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but,from time to time,throw out matter as well.This may mark the beginning of new galaxi
17、es(银河系银河系).This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes“eat”everything they come across.2021/8/11 星期三27John SnowBritish(1813 1858)a legendary(传奇的传奇的)figure in the history of public health,epidemiologyepi,di:mildi（流行病学）（流行病学）and anesthesiology（麻醉（麻醉学）学）2021/8/11 星期三28Do you know h
18、ow to prove a new ideain scientific research?seven stages2021/8/11 星期三29发现问题提出假设思考方法收集资料分析结果寻找证据得出结论THINKWORK FINDDo scientific research(The process)Find a problemMake a questionThink of a methodCollect results Analyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceDraw a conclusionSOLVE?2021/8/11 星期三30John Sno
19、w defeats“King cholera霍乱王”Reading2021/8/11 星期三31What is Cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.
20、And the victims died very quickly from a loss of liquid after severe vomiting(呕呕吐吐)and diarrhoea(腹泻腹泻).2021/8/11 星期三322021/8/11 星期三33Do you know what was this map used for in 1854?2021/8/11 星期三34Task 1:Skim and ScanWho defeats“King Cholera“?What happened in 1854?How many people died in 10 days?Why i
21、s there no death at No.20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No.8 and 9 Cambridge Street?John SnowCholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.2021/8/11 星期三35Task 2detailed reading2021/8/11 星期三36Read and answer:Para.1John Snow was an doctor in Londo
22、n who Queen Victoria as her personal .He thought about helping ordinary people to cholera.Though the cause and the of it were unknown,he wanted to face the and solve the problem.expertattendedphysicianexposedcurechallenge2021/8/11 星期三37Paragraph 2 make up a question:Which theory to believe in?idea 1
23、idea 2Cholera multiplied in the air without reason.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.2021/8/11 星期三38 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _.A.gathering information with the help of a map B.looking into the source
24、of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C.separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D.both A and B E.both A and CParagraph 3&42021/8/11 星期三39Paragraph 3&41.What did he do with the results of his enquiry?2.What valuable clue did he get about the cause of the disease?3.What
25、 might be the cause?Marked on a mapMany of the deathshad no deaths.It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera.2021/8/11 星期三40A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame.Public house2021/8/11 星期三4
26、1Paragraph 51.Why did he tell people to remove the handle from the pump?2.What happened after the handle was removed?So that slowed down2021/8/11 星期三42Paragraph 6What s the extra evidence?Two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.2021/8/11 星期三43Paragrap
27、h 7What are John Snows suggestions?The source of all water supplies should be examined.New methods of dealing with polluted water should be found.The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.2021/8/11 星期三44Whats the main idea of the passage?A.John Snow was
28、a well-known doctor in London.B.The cause of Cholera was polluted water.C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.D.How did John Snow collect,analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it.2021/8/11 星期三45Do you know what was this map used for in 1854?Finding out the cause o
29、f Cholera.2021/8/11 星期三46Task 3Mind Map of the text2021/8/11 星期三47Steps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make up a question3.Think of a method4.collect resultsJohn Snow Defeats“King Cholera”What causes cholera?Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not diedWhich theory is correct?W
30、hat causes cholera?Which theory is correct?What causes cholera?Which theory is correct?Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not diedGather information on those who were ill or died and where they got their waterWhat causes cholera?Which theory is correct?2021/8/11 星期三486.Re
31、peat if necessary7.Make a conclusion5.Analyse resultsAnalyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illnessFind other evidence to make sure the conclusionThe water is to blame.The source of all drinking water should be examined.2021/8/11 星期三49Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John
32、Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died.So he decid
33、ed that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)2021/8/11 星期三50HomeworkWhat should we pay attention
34、 to in our daily life to prevent ourselves from getting infected with all these infectious diseases?2021/8/11 星期三51Discussion.Eat cooked food while it is still hot.Boil water thoroughly(完全完全)before drinking.Wash hands with soap and water before preparing food and eating.Avoid eating raw food,especially seafood.2021/8/11 星期三522021/8/11 星期三53