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1、Learning about languageUnit 1 Living well 2021/8/11 星期三1Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 4:Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 4:NounAdjectiveAmbitiousAmbitiousAbsentAbsentsuitabilitysuitabilityBenefitBenefitannoyanceannoyanceambitionambitionabsenceabsencesuitablesuitablebeneficialbeneficialannoyed/annoyingann
2、oyed/annoyingDiscovering useful words and expressionsDiscovering useful words and expressions2021/8/11 星期三2NounAdjectiveClumsinessClumsinessFirmnessFirmnessNoiseNoisepsychologypsychologyencouragingencouragingclumsyclumsyfirmfirmnoisynoisypsychologicalpsychologicalencouragementencouragement2021/8/11
3、星期三3Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 4:1.lap2.annoyed3.dictation4.entry5.microscope6.outgoing7.fellow8.conduct2021/8/11 星期三4Answer keys for Ex.3 on Page 4:1.in many ways2.sit around3.made fun of4.adapt to5.out of breath6.All in all7.cutting out8.in other words2021/8/11 星期三5 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,
4、由由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成构成,没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化,在在句中不能独立作谓语句中不能独立作谓语.但不定式具有名词、但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语主语、宾语宾语、宾语补足语宾语补足语、表语表语、定语定语、状语状语等。等。复习不定式（复习不定式（Revise the Infinitive）2021/8/11 星期三61.It is good to help others.2.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborho
5、od have access to all public buildings.3.My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:(subject)(subject)(predicative)2021/8/11 星期三74.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6.A
6、big company has decided to buy it from me.7.My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)2021/8/11 星期三88.I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9.Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10.We must call on local government to give financial a
7、ssistance to disabled people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)2021/8/11 星期三9不定式在句中的功能不定式在句中的功能(1)做主语做主语:(2)那样做是很幼稚的那样做是很幼稚的.(3)To act like that is childish.(4)为避免句子出现为避免句子出现“头重脚轻头重脚轻”现象现象,常用常用it做做形式主语形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置将真正主语的不定式后置.(5)要学好英语不是那么容易的。要学好英语不是那么容易的。(6)Ex.It is not easy to learn Engli
8、sh well.2021/8/11 星期三10(2)做宾语做宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。她喜欢谈论这件事情。Ex.She loves to talk about the matter.他希望不久能找到工作他希望不久能找到工作.He hopes to find a job soon.2021/8/11 星期三11 常接不定式做宾语的动词有：常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hate,hope,learn,l
9、ong,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,want,wish 等等2021/8/11 星期三12.不定式有时和连接代不定式有时和连接代/副词一起构成宾语副词一起构成宾语.Ex.Do you remember which way to get there?下一步干什么你决定了吗下一步干什么你决定了吗?Have you decided what to do next?我来问他怎么样开这机器我来问他怎么样开这机器.Ill ask him how to operate the machine.有时不定式由有时
10、不定式由whether引起引起.I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.2021/8/11 星期三13feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,补语补语是形容词是形容词(间或是名词间或是名词),常用常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语,把把不定式后移不定式后移.Ex.I find it difficult to work with him.2021/8/11 星期三143.做宾语补足语做宾语补足语:常带常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有的不定式做宾语
11、补足语的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等等.Ex.Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me to clean the room with him.2021/8/11 星期三15后接不带后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有的不定式做
12、宾语补足语的动词有:let,hear,have,make,see,observe,feel,watch,notice 等等.Ex.The policeman saw a child play in the street.A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.2021/8/11 星期三164.做表语做表语不定式可用作表语不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容说明主语的具体内容.My work is to clean the room every day.我的梦想是成为一名医生我的梦想是成为一名医生.His dream is
13、to be a doctor.5.做定语做定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。示未发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.2021/8/11 星期三176.做状语做状语(1)做目的状语，常用的结构：做目的状语，常用的结构：to do;in order to do,so as to do,so/such as to do,etc.Ex.I come here to say good-bye to you.(2)做结果状语做
14、结果状语：常与副词：常与副词only,enough 或或too连用。连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.2021/8/11 星期三18不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾Ex.Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.2021/8/11 星期三19二、不定式的否定结构：二、不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由：不定式的否定结构多由：“not+不定式不定式”构构成，成，否定副词否定副词not,never,seld
15、om,hardly 等要等要置于置于to前。前。Ex.请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误她检查名字为了不犯错误.She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.2021/8/11 星期三20三、不定式的时态：三、不定式的时态：（1）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。的动作之后。
16、Ex.He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。他似乎知道这事。I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。我希望再见到你。（2）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。的动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。Ex.Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.2021/8/11 星期三21(3)一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。语动词表示的动作同时发生。Ex.他好象正在吃什么东西。他好象正在吃什
17、么东西。He seems to be eating something.(4)完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。She is said to have been working on the problem for many years.2021/8/11 星期三22Practice choosing(10m)Practice choosing(10m)1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock
18、by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest2.Were planning _ a party next week.A.to have B.have C.having D.had CA2021/8/11 星期三233.-Which do you prefer _ your weekends,fishing or watching TV?-Neither.A.Spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spendB.4.Did you find out _ the pie out
19、 of the oven?C.A.When to take B.to take C.have taken D.being takenBA2021/8/11 星期三245._ get a complete picture,further information is needed.A.In order that B.In order to B.C.Being D.To have C.6.It s necessary _ some English grammar.D.for students to learn E.B.for students learning F.C.of students to
20、 learn G.D.of students learningAB2021/8/11 星期三257.I ought to _ him the news,but I forgot to do so.A.remember to tell B.remember tellingC.have remembered to tellD.have remembered telling8.I _ you the exciting news,but you were not at home.A.Meant telling B.meant to tellingB.C.Meant to having told D.m
21、eant to tellCD2021/8/11 星期三26高考链接1.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.A.To sound B.to be sounded B.C.Sounding D.to have soundedA解析解析:want 后接不定式后接不定式;sound 是系动词是系动词,没有没有被动式被动式;句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含义义.2021/8/11 星期三272.It was unbelievable that the fan
22、s waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star.A.had B.having C.to have D.haveC解析解析:不定式不定式to have 在此做目的状语在此做目的状语.2021/8/11 星期三283.-Is Bob still performing?-Im afraid not.He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official.A.to have left B.to leave B.C.to have been l
23、eft D.to be leftA解析解析:主语主语he与与leave是主动关系是主动关系,句中出现句中出现了了already,to have left表示该动作发生在主表示该动作发生在主语谓语语谓语is said 之前之前.2021/8/11 星期三294.-Can the project he finished as planned?-Sure,_ it completed in time,well work two more hours a day.A.having got B.to get B.C.getting D.get B解析解析:每天加班两个小时的目的是使工每天加班两个小时的目
24、的是使工程及时完工程及时完工,只有不定式表目的只有不定式表目的.2021/8/11 星期三30Revising useful structuresRevising useful structuresAnswer key for exercise 3 on page 5Answer key for exercise 3 on page 5to have spentTo freeto seeto treatto help passto abolish2021/8/11 星期三31Assignment 1.Summarize the rules of infinitive in your own way.2021/8/11 星期三322021/8/11 星期三33