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1、英语语法与词汇详解非谓语动词一、什么是非谓语动词？在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。非谓语动词to do1. doingdone二、非谓语动词的形式，有哪几种？不定式_吾态 时态主动语态被动语态一般式(to) do(to) be done进行式(to) be doing/ /完成式(to) have done(to) have been done完成进行式(to) have been doing/动名词吾态 时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having clonehaving been done分词（现在分词和过去分词）现在分词:吾态 时态主动语态被动语
2、态一般式doingbeing clone完成式having donehaving been done过去分词:类别示例意义及物动词writewritten被动和完成不及物动词gogone主动和完成其中的基本特点: -不能在句子中单独作谓语。-在句子中的形式不受主语的人称和数的限制。三、各种非谓语形式可以充当的成分成分 形式主语谓语宾语表语状语定语同位语独立 成分不定式VV动名词VV现在分词V过去分词77V。表示可以充当四、非谓语动词的超级用法1、不定式主语- As we age, it is not unusual to needreading glasses and hearing aids
3、 as our senses wane.老之将至，人的视觉和听觉自然随 之慢慢下降，那么需要眼镜或者助听器就很平常了。宾语- They want to loosentheir ties with Britain.他们想要削弱同英国 的关系。 表语 Part of the survey really shows there are misconceptions, and part of our mission is to clearup these misconceptions.部分调查 结果确实显示人们有些误解，我们的任务之一就是要消除这些误解。定语 American parents say
4、they should be the ones to teach their children about sex but many believe that role is being filled by kids1 friends and the media, a new study finds.一项新调查显示， 美国父母认为应该由他们来向孩子介绍性知识，但是很多人也承认孩子 的朋友和媒体正在代行这一职责。宾补- The Handy Sana is a touch-screen phone that also includes an application called Heart Sui
5、te, which allows users to measure, record and send vital 日ectrocardiograms ( ECGs ) .这是 一款叫作Handy Sana的触屏手机，其内部拥有一种叫做Heart Suite 的应用程序，用户可依靠它自行测量、记录并发送心电图。状语(目的、结果、原因或方式)- I turned on the tap to clean some knives and forks and beer came out.当我打开水龙头准备清洗刀叉时，发现水龙头里流出的是啤 酒。一些接不定式的词汇- agree, appear, affo
6、rd, choose, decide, expect, happen,hopez long, manage, pretend, plan, promise, intend, wish,be said, would I汰e 等。- 句子：Surely he doesnt pretend to understand any music !谅 他不会自以为懂得什么音乐吧!不定式省略to的情况- (1)在感官动词 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, look at, listen to等后面作补语时。- 例子：I often see him walk up
7、 the hill.我经常看他上山。 (2)在使役动词make, have, let等后面作宾补时。-例子：I dont agree with all you say, but III let it go at that. 并不完全同意你说的话，但我不再多说了。-(3)动词help后面的不定式可带to ,也可以不带too-句子：Sports help (to ) keep people healthy.运动有助于人们保 持健康。(4)在以why ( not)为首的省略问句中。- 例子：The key question is in focus; why not reach a decision
8、?主要问题已非常明显，为何不做出结论呢？(5)在 had better, would rather, will you please 之后。- 例子：He would suffer death rather than betray the secret.他 宁死也不肯泄露机密。在do nothing but/except后，如果句中含有实义动词do (不 管是何种形式出现),此时but/except后习惯上用不带to的不定式; 如果句中不含有实义动词do ,则but/except后接带to的不定式。- 例子：He did nothing but piddle away the time.他不做
9、事，只是 混日子。2、不定式主动形式表示被动意义的常见场合too.to.和.enough to do结构,这时主语应是todo的宾语。 前者亦常可用to be done的被动形式。-句子：Beckham also admitted he has no “lucky pre-match routines, with them too being tough to rem ember.贝克汉姆也承 认，赛前他从来不做什么能带来幸运”的习惯动作，因为那些动作很 难记。某些adj.+to do结构中。这一类型的形容词常见的有：easy, hard, difficult, fit, good, nice
10、, heavy等,其不定式与主语多有动宾关系。- 句子:The water in this well is unfit to drink.这口井的水不适合 饮用。have/want/get/give/find/lend + 宾语 +to do 结构中,to do 作定语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语或间接宾语，同时与被修饰的名词还 有动宾关系。- 句子：She has a lot of exercise to do.她有很多练习要做。注意下列句子中不定式语态的不同：- 例 1:1 have a letter to write.我要写封信。（to write 的逻辑主语是I）- 例 2:1 have a letter to be written我有封信要别人写。(to be written的逻辑主语不是主语I,表示由别人代写）