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1、轨道交通概论（中英双语）轨道驿站1Introduction to Rail Transportation(Chinese-English edition)Find Out More4.14.1 7.23 甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故7.23 Train crash at Ningbo-Wenzhou line2011 年 7 月 23 日 20 时 30 分 05 秒，甬温线浙江省温州市境内，由北京南站开往福州站的 D301 次列车与杭州站开往福州南站的 D3115 次列车发生动车组列车追尾事故。此次事故已确认共有六节车厢脱轨，造成 40 人死亡、172 人受伤，中断行
2、车 32 小时 35 分，直接经济损失 1 万 9 千余万元经调查认定，“723”甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故是一起因列控中心设备存在严重设计缺陷、上道使用审查把关不严、雷击导致设备故障后应急处置不力等因素造成的责任事故。Train D301 which was bound forFuzhou Station from Beijing Nan Stationcrashed with Train D3115 which left for Fuzhou Nan station from Hangzhou Stationat Ningbo-Wenzhou line of Wenzhou city,Zh
3、ejiang province at 20:35 pm on 7.23 of2011.Six carriages derailed in the accident,resulting in 40 deaths and 172 injuries,32hours and 35 minutes interruption of the railway line and a direct economic loss ofmore than 19 million yuan.The investigation revealed that the 7.23 serious railway traffic ac
4、cident at NingboWenzhou line was brought about by serious design defects of the train control centerequipment,lax attitude towards inspecting the equipment beforehand and failure tohandle the equipment malfunction caused by thunder strikes,etc.4.2 自动驾驶的高铁4.2 自动驾驶的高铁 High-speed railway with automatic
5、 driving2019 年 12 月 30 日京张高铁开通运营，可在 350 公里时速下实现自动驾驶，是世界上第一条开通了自动驾驶功能的高速铁路。但是自动驾驶不是无人驾驶，因为高铁线路复杂，交路复杂，环境也复杂，不可能取消司机，一个交路一般在几百公里到两千公里，因此自动驾驶不是替代司机，是解放司机，把司机从简单重复的操作里解放出来，让司机更加集中精力去瞭望线路、观察设备状态，一旦发现有异常情况，立即介入。Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway,which was put into operation onDecember 30,2019,realized
6、 automatic driving at the speed of 350 km per hour.It isthe first high-speed railway with automatic driving function in the world.However,automatic driving is not driverless.The high-speed railway lines arecomplex,the environment is complicated,so it is impossible to cancel the driver.Thecrossed rai
7、lway lines extend from several hundreds kilometers to 2,000 kilometers.Therefore,automatic driving is to free the drivers from simple and repeatedoperations instead of replacing them.The drivers can be more focused on observing轨道交通概论（中英双语）轨道驿站2Introduction to Rail Transportation(Chinese-English edit
8、ion)Find Out Morethe line and the equipment status.Emergencies can be dealt with immediately oncehappened.4.3 城市轨道交通信号系统的发展阶段4.3 城市轨道交通信号系统的发展阶段城市轨道交通信号系统是保障行车安全、提高运输能力的关键技术装备。城市轨道交通信号系统随着微电子技术、计算机技术、通信技术的发展而不断发展，大致经历三个发展阶段。第一阶段：第一阶段：基于模拟轨道电路的列车自动控制系统，采用模拟轨道电路方式将地面信息传递至列车，称之为固定闭塞制式信号系统。第二阶段：第二阶段：基于数
9、字轨道电路的列车自动控制系统，采用数字编码方式由轨道电路将地面信息传递至列车，缩短了列车运行间隔，提高了舒适度，称之为准移动闭塞制式信号系统。第三阶段：第三阶段：基于通信的列车自动控制系统，列车间采用移动定位方式，地面与列车通过无线通信方式传递信息，可以进一步缩小行车间隔，提高运输效率，也称之为移动闭塞制式信号系统。4.3 Stages of development of Urban rail transit signal systemUrban rail transit signal system is the key technical equipment to ensure traffi
10、csafety and improve transportation capacity.Urban rail transit signal system developswith the advancement of microelectronic technology,computer technology andcommunication technology,and it has generally experienced three stages ofdevelopment.Stage 1:Automatic train control system based on artifici
11、al track circuit.Thesystem uses artificial track circuit to transmit ground information to the train.It iscalled fixed block signal system.Stage 2:The automatic train control system based on digital track circuit.Thesystem adopts digital coding to transmit the ground information from the track circu
12、itto the train,which shortens the train operation interval and improves the comfort.It iscalled quasi moving block signal system.Stage 3:The automatic train control system based on communication.Thesystem adopts mobile positioning between trains,and the ground and train transmitinformation through w
13、ireless communication,which can further reduce the runninginterval and improve the transportation efficiency.It is also called mobile block signalsystem.轨道交通概论（中英双语）轨道驿站3Introduction to Rail Transportation(Chinese-English edition)Find Out More4.4 地铁屏蔽门的相关知识4.4 地铁屏蔽门的相关知识 About platform screen doors地
14、铁屏蔽门是为了防止乘客误入或有意闯入轨行区与设备区，同时也可以避免异物掉落进入轨行区，影响列车正常运行。避免乘客被不停靠上下客列车高速驶过时产生的强大负压吸住酿成惨剧。设立了屏蔽门后理论上整个站台空间都可以供乘客候车用，将隧道和车站隔离开来，使二者互不影响。地铁的屏蔽门分为封闭式和半高式，其中半高式通常被叫作“安全门”。我们通常所说的屏蔽门，是指封闭式屏蔽门，也是国内地铁站最常用的一种封闭式屏蔽门，一方面可以减少车站空调制冷的负荷，从而达到节省能源的目的。另一方面方便对隧道空间内气流进行组织，可以减少列车行驶过程中的阻力，并保持隧道内空气“新鲜”。屏蔽门具有隔音效果，可以减轻站台上听到的噪音响
15、度，尤其是列车在进站前弯道的行驶噪音。轨道交通概论（中英双语）轨道驿站4Introduction to Rail Transportation(Chinese-English edition)Find Out MoreThe function of platform screen doors in subway stations is to prevent passengersfrom entering the rail area and equipment area by mistake or intentionally,and toprevent object from falling i
16、nto the rail area and affecting the normal operation of thetrain.The screen doors can prevent passengers from being sucked by the strongnegative pressure generated by the high-speed train.After the screen doors are set up,theoretically,the whole platform space can beused for passengers while waiting
17、 the train,as the tunnel and the station are separateddo not affect each other.The platform screen doors can be divided into closed type and half height type.The screen doors we usually say refers to the closed screen doors,which are alsothe most commonly used one in domestic subway stations.On the
18、one hand,closed screen doors can lighten the load of air conditionerrefrigerating in the station save energy.On the other hand,closed screen doors can adjust the air flow and reduce theresistance during the train running in the tunnel.The screen doors have sound-proofing effect.The noise in the tunnel,especiallywhen the train passes the railway curve before entering the station,can be greatlyreduced.