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1、Group UN:Compoundsof unknown or uncertainmode of action12C Propargite12D Tetradifon12BOrganotin miticidesDiafenthiuronAzocyclotinCyhexatinFenbutatin oxidePropargiteTetradifon12A DiafenthiuronBensultapThiocyclamThiosultap-sodiumCartaphydrochlorideChlorfenapyrDNOC14 NereistoxinanaloguesAmitrazHydramet
2、hylnon20A Hydramethylnon20B AcequinocylAcequinocyl20C FluacrypyrimFluacrypyrimFenazaquinFenpyroximatePyrimidifenPyridabenTebufenpyradTolfenpyradRotenone21A METI acaricides and insecticides21B RotenoneIndoxacarbMetaflumizone22AOxadiazines22BSemicarbazones23 Tetronic&Tetramic acid derivativesSpirodicl
3、ofenSpiromesifen24APhosphidesAluminiumphosphide24B CyanidesCyanidesaltsCalciumphosphideZincphosphidePhosphineAlPAzadirachtinDicofolBromopropylateBenzoximateSpirotetramat 19AmitrazChlorantraniliprole R=ClCyantraniliprole R=CNSOOIONHNHOCF3CF3FFlubendiamideGroup 11:Microbial disruptorsof insect midgut
4、membranesGroup 12:Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthaseGroup 13:Uncouplers of oxidative phos-phorylation via disruption of proton gradientGroup 14:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)channel blockersGroup 19:Octopaminereceptor agonistsGroup 20:Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhib
5、itorsGroup 21:Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitorsGroup 22:Voltage-dependentsodium channel blockersGroup 23:Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylaseGroup 24:Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitorsCyenopyrafen25A beta-Ketonitrile derivativesSulfluramidCyflumetofen11A Bacil
6、lus thuringiensisBacillus thuringiensisand the insecticidal proteins producedB.t.israelensis,B.t.aitzawai,B.t.kurstaki,B.t.tenebrionisBt crop proteins*Cry1Ab,Cry1Ac,Cry1Fa,Cry1A.105,Cry2Ab,Vip3A,mCry3A,Cry3Ab,Cry 3Bb,Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1Bacillus sphaericusIncludes transgenic crops expressing Bacillus t
7、huringiensis toxins(however,specific guidance for resistance management of transgenic crops is not based on rotation of modes of action)11BBacillus sphaericusDifferent B.t.products that target different insect orders may be usedtogether without compromising their resistance management.Rotation betwe
8、en certain specific B.t.microbial products mayprovide resistance management benefits for some pests.Consultproduct-specific recommendations.*Where there are differences among the specific receptors within themidguts of target insects,transgenic crops containing certain combinationsof these proteins
9、provide resistance management benefits.Poster Edition 7,August 2019.Based on the MoA Classification Version 9Ca3P2PH3Zn3P2CN-C CC Cl l3 3C Cl lC Cl lOHOHO OO ON NO OO OC Cl lO OO OO OS SO OO OS SO OO OC Cl lC Cl lC Cl lC Cl lO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO ON NN NO OC CF F3 3F F3 3C CN NN NN NH HH HN NC CF F
10、3 3C CN NO ON NN NO ON NC CO OO OO OO OF F3 3C CN NS SS SS SS SO OO OO OO ON NS SS SN NH H2 2O ON NH H2 2O OH HC Cl lN NS SS SS SO O3 3N Na aS SO O3 3N Na aN NS SS SS SN NC CN NB Br rF F3 3C CC Cl lO OOHOHN NO O2 2O O2 2N NO ON NH HN NH HS SS Sn nN NN NN NS Sn nO OH HS Sn nO OS Sn nPyflubumide25B Ca
11、rboxanilides13Pyrroles,Dinitrophenols,SulfluramidBifenazateO OH HN NN NH HO OO O20D BifenazateFlonicamid29 Flonicamid28 Diamides10AClofentezine,Diflovidazin,Hexythiazox10BEtoxazoleClofentezineEtoxazoleGroup 10:Mite growth inhibitorsaffecting CHS1 PymetrozinePyrifluquinazonDiflovidazin9B Pyridineazom
12、ethinederivativesGroup 9:Chordotonalorgan TRPV channel modulatorsGroup 25:Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitorsGroup 28:Ryanodine receptor modulators29:Chordotonal organ modulators undefined target siteChinomethionatN NN NS SS SO OPyridalylOOONClClCF3ClClS CaSX(Lime sulfur)SulfursHe
13、xythiazox8A Alkyl halides8BChloropicrin8CFluoridesChloropicrinMethyl bromide Tartar emeticBorax8DBorates8ETartar emeticCryoliteNa2B4O710H2O8F Methyl isothiocyanategeneratorsDazometSulfurylfluorideMetamGroup 8:Miscellaneous non-specific(multi-site)inhibitorsAfidopyropen9D Pyropenes15 BenzoylureasFluf
14、enoxuronLufenuronTeflubenzuronDiflubenzuronGroup 15:Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1)Cyclaniliprole30 GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulatorsBroflanilideFluxametamide31 BaculovirusesCydia pomonella GVThaumatotibialeucotreta GVAnticarsia gemmatalis MNPVHelicoverpa armigera N
15、PV32 Nicotinic AcetylcholineReceptor(nAChR)Allosteric Modulators-Site IIGS-omega/kappaHXTX-Hv1apeptideUNFFungal agents ofunknown or uncertainMoAUNMNon-specific mechanical disruptorsUNBBacterial agents(non-Bt)of unknown or uncertain MoAUNEBotanical essence including synthetic,extracts and unrefined o
16、ils with unknown or uncertain MoABeauveria bassiana strainsMetarhizium anisopliae strain F52,Paecilomyces fumosoroseusApopka strain 97Diatomaceous earthBurkholderia spp,Wolbachia pipientis(Zap)Chenopodium ambrosioidesnear ambrosioidesextractFatty acid monoesters with glycerol or propanediolNeem oilM
17、ancozebUse of Groups and Sub-Groups:Alternations,sequences or rotations of compounds between MoA groups reduce selection for target site resistance.Applications are arranged into MoA spray windows defined by crop growth stage and pest biology.Several sprays of a compound may be possible within each
18、spray window,but successive generations of a pest should not betreated with compounds from the same MoA group.Local expert advice should always be followed with regard to spray windows and timing.Groups in the classification whose members do not act at a common target site are exempt from the proscr
19、iption against rotationwithin the group.These are,Group 8,Group 13 and all the UN groups:UN,UNB,UNE,UNF,UNM,UNP&UNV.Sub-groups represent distinct structural classes which are believed to have the same mode of action.Sub-groups provide differentiation between compounds that may bind at the same targe
20、t site but are structurally different enoughthat risk of metabolic cross-resistance is lower than for close chemical analogs.Cross-resistance potential between sub-groups is higher than between groups,so rotation between sub-groups should be considered only when there are no alternatives,and only if
21、 cross-resistance does not exist,following consultation with local expert advice.These exceptions are not sustainable,and alternative options should be sought.Sub-group 3B:DDT is no longer used in agriculture and therefore this is only applicable for the control of insect vectors of human disease,su
22、ch as mosquitoes,because of a lack of alternatives.Sub-group10A:Hexythiazox is grouped with clofentezine because they exhibit cross-resistance even though they are structurallydistinct.Diflovidazin has been added to this group because it is a close analogue of clofentezine and is expected to have th
23、e samemode of action.3A Pyrethroids PyrethrinsDeltamethrinlambda-cyhalothrinBifenthrinalpha-cypermethrinEsfenvalerateTefluthrinEtofenproxPermethrinDDTMethoxychlor3B DDT,Methoxychlor4ANeonicotinoidsAcetamipridClothianidinDinotefuranImidaclopridNitenpyramThiaclopridThiamethoxam4BNicotineNicotine5 Spin
24、osynsSpinetoram6 Avermectins&MilbemycinsGroup 3:Sodium channel modulators(Only major representatives of group 3A are shown)Group 4:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)competitive modulators Group 6:Glutamate-gated chloride channel(GluCl)allosteric modulators major component R2=Ethylminor componen
25、t R2=Methyl 4CSulfoximinesSulfoxaflorGroup 5:Nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor(nAChR)allosteric modulatorssite I SpinosadFlupyradifurone4DButenolidesmajor component R=Ethylminor component R=Methyl O OO OO OO OR RO OO OH HOHOHH HH HH HH HO OO OO OO OR RO OO OH HO OH HH HH HH HH HN NO OO OO OO OO OH HO
26、OO OO OO OH HN NO OMilbemectinLepimectinAbamectin R1=Emamectinbenzoate R1=major component R=Hminor component R=CH3major component R=H,5,6 singleminor component R=CH3,5,6 double1BOrganophosphatesChlorpyrifosDimethoateProfenofosAcephateFenitrothionTriazophos1ACarbamatesMethomylAldicarbCarbofuranCarbar
27、ylThiodicarbOxamylMethiocarbGroup 1:Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibitors(Only major representatives of the groups are shown)MalathionMethamidophosPirimicarb4EMesoionicsTriflumezopyrimGranuloviruses&NucleopolyhedrovirusesMeta-diamides&Isoxazolines2B Phenylpyrazoles(Fiproles)2A CyclodieneOrganochlorin
28、esChlordaneEndosulfanFipronilEthiproleGroup 2:GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists7A Juvenile hormone analogues7B Fenoxycarb7C PyriproxyfenKinoprene R1=propargyl,R2=HHydropreneR1=ethyl,R2=HMethoprene R1=isopropyl,R2 OCH3FenoxycarbPyriproxyfenGroup 7:Juvenile hormone mimicsIRAC document protected
29、by CopyrightInsecticide Resistance Action CommitteeMode of Action ClassificationNerve&Muscle Growth&DevelopmentRespirationMidgutUnknown or Non-specific Key to Targeted Physiology(Only major representatives of group are shown)ChromafenozideHalofenozideTebufenozide18 DiacylhydrazinesGroup 18:Ecdysone
30、receptor agonistsBuprofezinCyromazine16 Buprofezin17 CyromazineGroup 17:Moulting disruptors,DipteranGroup 16:Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis,type 1MethoxyfenozideNovaluronPoster Notes:Groups 26 and 27 are unassigned.The poster is for educational purposes only.Information presented is accurate to t
31、he best of our knowledge at the time of publication,but IRAC or its member companies cannot accept responsibility for how this information is used or interpreted.Advice should always be sought from local experts or advisors,and health and safety recommendations followed.In some cases only representative compounds in Groups are shown where indicated.Please visit www.irac-online.org for the complete IRAC classification.TetraniliproleSpiropidion