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1、名词性从句1.在句子中起名词作用。2.功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语3.名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。RelatedConception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisliMing.主语主语表语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语主语同位语同位语
2、宾语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句这个句子就叫名词性从句。子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)一、主语从句定义：在句子中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词主要有
3、三类：连接词：that、whether 连接代词：what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever 连接副词：when、where、why、how1.连接词引导：that、whether例：That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。That the whether becomes warmer is the result of pollution.天气变暖是污染的结果。Whether he can finish his task on t
4、ime is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.你是否能成功取决于你努力地程度。2.连接代词引导例：What we cant get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西更好。Who the letter was from is still unknown.这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first wi
5、ll get the prize.你们当中第一个达到这里的人将获得奖项。_ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled.A.What B.Which C.whether D.ThatB.What 一方面引导主语从句；C.另一方面在句中做about的宾语。3.连接副词引导例：How medicine reduces and relieves pain is unclear.药物是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a my
6、stery.它们为什么突然消失还是个迷。Exercise 11._shesaidpuzzledhim.2._shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim.3._weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed.4._theydontwanttodroptheplanisclear.5._hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion.6._itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.WhatWhy Whom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise
7、2_(月球上没有生命月球上没有生命)isknowntoall.2._(我在会议上说的我在会议上说的)mustbekeptsecret.3._(是否这件事是真的是否这件事是真的)remainsaquestion.4._(我我们什么时候开会们什么时候开会)istobediscussed.Thatthereisnolifeonthemoon WhatIsaidatthemeetingWhetheritistrueWhenwewillhavethemeeting形式主语 it 替代主语从句：It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。it+系动词+形容词+that从句 It is necessar
8、y that 有必要有必要 It is important that.重要的是重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。it+系动词+名词+that从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is our hope that the two sides will wor
9、k towards peace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。it+be+动词的-ed形式+that从句 It is believed that 人们相信人们相信 It is known to us/all that.众所周知众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定 It is announced that the plan had been successfully carried out.据宣布，计划正在顺利实施。It+不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句 It appears that 似乎似乎 It happens that.碰巧碰巧 It
10、 occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起Exercise 11.Itisawonder_youwerentinjured.2.Itisstillunknown_and_thistookplace.3.Itmakesnodifferencetome_heisrichorpoor.4.Itisnotyetdecided_istotakeherplaceassecretary.5.Itissaid_thisplazahas15cinemas.6.Itdoesntmatter_youaregoingtodoit.thatwhenwherewhetherwhothatwhether
11、Exercise 21.你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。2.他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？3.据说我们清明节要放三天假。据说我们清明节要放三天假。4.4.他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。Itisapitythatyoumissedthenewmovieyesterday.Isittruethattheyaregoingtosetupanewhospitalhere?ItissaidthatwelltakethreedaysoffonTombSweepingDay
12、.Itisntimportanttomewhetherhecanmakealotofmoney.二、宾语从句定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词：that、whether、if 连接代词：what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever 连接副词：when、where、why、how1.连接词引导例：I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I still dont know if/whether he still live
13、s here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。Tina was hesitating about the job offer as she didnt know _ the company was an established one.蒂娜对那份工作有点迟疑，因为她不知道那是否是一家被认定的公司。Whether/if 都意为“是否”，一般情况下可互换。口语中常用if。但是以下情况只能用whether：与or not连用时。Let me know whether or not you can come.请让我知道你是否能来。引导介词宾语从句时。We a
14、re interested in whether you will attend the meeting or not.2.连接代词引导例：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind.3.连接副词引导例：Do you know when the ancient games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时候开始的吗？Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspa
15、per more interesting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。注1：宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中需用陈述句语序。例：He asked me when we could leave the next day.(when could we leave the next day?)Did you find out where she lost her car?(where does she lost her car?)注2：宾语从句的时态 主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态，所以宾语从句的时态应更具实际情况而定。例：She says(that)she w
16、orks from Monday to Friday.(从-一般现在)She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.（从-一般将来）She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.（从-现在完成时）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。例：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.(从-一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby.(从-过
17、去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting all that night.(从-过去进行时)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。例：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound.宾语从句的时态和语序宾语从句的时态和语序1.Couldyoutellmeifit_tomorrow?A.ra
18、insB.israining2.C.willrainD.rain3.2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_4.intheeast.A.riseB.rises5.C.roseD.risen3.Peterknew_.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis 4.Couldyoutellme_?A.whereisthenearestrailwaystationB.whereth
19、enearestrailwaystationwasC.wherethenearestrailwaystationisD.wherewasthenearestrailwaystation5.Ireallydontknowifshe_itwhenshe_.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives6.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought7.Canyoutellme
20、_?A.whatsthematterwithhimB.whatthematterwithhimisC.whathappenedwithhimD.whatwithhimhappened 使用宾语从句时需注意以下几点1.动词find、feel、think、consider、make、believe、guess、suppose、assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。例：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made i
21、t a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯。2.宾语从句的否定转移 将think、believe、suppose、expect、fancy、imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定，转移到主句中。-即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例：I think I dont know you.（F）I dont think I know you.（T）我想我并不认识你。我相信他不会来。I dont believe he will come.在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的
22、。hewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.That主语从句主语从句WhetherWhathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.Exercise 11._shesaidpuzzledhim.2._shesaidsuchathingpu
23、zzledhim.3._weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed.4._theydontwanttodroptheplanisclear.5._hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion.6._itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.WhatWhy Whom/whoThatHowWhetherThathecantattendthepartyisapity.Itisapitythathecantattendtheparty.Howmuchmoneyisne
24、ededishardtosay.Itishardtosayhowmuchmoneyisneeded.Thatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Itisknowntoallthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.it 做形式主语做形式主语 Shesaid(that)sheisgoingtolearnEnglish.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.Idontknowwhoallthesepeopleare.ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.Pleaset
25、ellmewhereshelives.Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.Iamafraidhewontcomeontime.宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当在句中充当及物动词及物动词,介词或某些形容词介词或某些形容词宾语的句宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。子叫做宾语从句。三、表语从句定义：在复合句中做表语（即放在be动词后面）的从句叫做表语从句。从句的语序用陈述句语序。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词：that、whether 连接代词：who、whom、whose、which、what、whoever、whomev
26、er、whichever、whatever 连接副词：when、where、why、how1.连接词引导例：The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。Another important difference is whether schools are state schools or private schools.另一个重要的不同之处是学校是公立的还是
27、私立的。2.连接代词/副词引导例：The problem is who will take charge of this shop.问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism.那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。as/as if/as though 引导的表语从句，此类表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound
28、，feel等。例：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time,it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导。此用法常见于句型“the reason whyis that”例：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来的晚是因为起床晚了。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的
29、是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示注意：表语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whether”而而不用不用“if”试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?This museum is what you visited.Is this the museum that you visited?This is the museum tha
30、t you visited.Is this museum the one that you visited?This museum is the one that you visited.把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。种从句再完成。(表从表从)(定从定从)(定从定从)1.Thathouseis_thegardentoolsarestored.2.ThereasonIdontwanttogothereis_Ivejustgotanewjobhere.3.Thatwas_theyhadmadethemistake.4.Everythi
31、ngintheroomis_itwastenyearsago.5.ThedreamJackhasinmindis_hewillbecomeascientistinthefuture.wherethathowwhatthat6.Whatwecareaboutis_itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.7.Thatwas_theydidntpaymuchattentiontotheteacherinclass.8.Myopinionis_everyoneofustakesout$5forJanesbirthdaypresent.9.Theproblemis_wecanbeallowed
32、tostayoutatsuchalatehour.10.Herexplanationis_sheusedtoliveinthecountryandsheknowsitbetterthanus.whetherwhythatwhetherthat问题是谁能帮我学英语问题是谁能帮我学英语.这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因.那就是我要告诉你的那就是我要告诉你的.问题是他是否会同意这个建议问题是他是否会同意这个建议.ThequestioniswhocanhelpmewithmyEnglish.Thatiswhysheisunwillingtostudyabroad.Thatisw
33、hatIwilltellyou.Thequestioniswhetherhewillagreewiththesuggestion.定语从句：修饰一个名词，关系词在从句中做一个成分。This is the boy who gave me help yesterday.主语从句：做句子的主语，在谓语（动词）前面。What he said is not true.宾语从句：做句子的宾语，在谓语（动词）后面。He told me that he is from China.表语从句：做句子的表语，在be动词后面。The question is whether he is from China or n
34、ot.看到一个句子，首先分析主语，谓语，宾语/表语，关系词在谓语前，则该从句为主语从句；关系词在谓语后，则该从句为宾语从句；关系词在be动词后，则该从句为表语从句；关系词在名词后，修饰名词，则该从句为定语从句；关系词在名词后,说明解释名词,则为 然后看从句表达的是什么意思，根据意思选择相应的关系词。同位语从句.（是否，谁，为什么，怎么样，什么，谁的。that 适应于从句结构完整,不缺少成分.）四、同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，解释和说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有：idea/fact/news/hope/belief/thought/doubt/promise
35、/suggestion/order等。用that引导同位语从句。that无词义，也不做句子成分，不能省略，从句用陈述句语序。They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again.他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she has quit her present job.我不知道他已经辞职了。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答应我，你今天晚上回来参加我们的晚会。There is no
36、obvious evidence that there is life on any other planet in the solar system.没有明显的证据表明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.I have no idea why he was excided that time.定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制。同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一
37、步的解释和说明。The news that our team has won the game was true.（同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个说明消息）The news that he told me yesterday was true.（定语从句，news在从句中做told的宾语）I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.ExerciseAt first he hate
38、d the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_ it got any better.A.when B.how C.why D.ifD:宾语从句，从句中不缺少时间、地点、原因，D项意为“是否”。It is not immediately clear_ the financial crisis will soon be over.A.Since B.what C.when D.whetherB.D:名词性从句中的主语从句，it做形式主语。C.whether the financial crisis will soon b
39、e over is not immediately clear.As a new diplomat,he often thinks of_ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A.What B.which C.that D.howB.D:宾语从句，作为新上任的外交官，他经常考虑如何在这样的场合做出更恰当的反应。We should consider the students request_ the school library provide more books on popular science.A.That B.when
40、C.which D.whereB.A:同位语从句，名词request，从句结构完整，不缺成分。She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do_ it takes to save her life.A.Whichever B.however C.whateverB.D.Who everC.C:宾语从句，whatever同时做takes的宾语。The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.What b.wh
41、ich c.that d.thoughB.C:同位语从句，名词factMany young people in the West are expected to leave_ could be lifes most important decision-marriage almost entirely up to luck.a.As b.that c.which d.whatb.D:宾语从句，what同时在从句中充当主语。c.许多西方年轻人都把人生中最重要的决定婚姻几乎都归因于运气。Whenever I met her,_ was very often,she greeted me with
42、a sweet smile.a.Who b.which c.when d.thatb.B:主语从句，which指代whenever I met her。The how to book can be of help to _ wants to do the job.A.Who b.whomever c.no matter whoB.d.WhoeverC.D:how to book.指南类的书D.宾语从句，关系词同时在从句中做主语。Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held?a.What b.w
43、hich c.that d.whereb.D:同位语从句，where在从句中做地点状语。_ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.a.Anyone b.the one c.whoever b.d.whoc.C:主语从句，any one who/the one who 亦可People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.A.what b.that c.which d.howAIt is none of your business _
44、 other people think about you.Believe yourself.a.How b.what c.which d.whenb.B:主语从句，it做形式主语。Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.a.Why b.how c.whether d.whatb.D:Could I speak to _ is in charge of international sales,please?_ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.