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1、Subject Clauses主语从句主语从句GrammarWhatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Youareastudent.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Smokingisbadforyou.“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.Howwecanhelpthetwinswi
2、llbediscussedatthemeeting.定义：定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词从属连词:that,whether；连接代词连接代词:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)和和which(whichever)；连接副词连接副词:when,where,how和和why。1.连接词：连接词：1）从属连词：）从属连词：that，whether引导主语从句引导主语从句只起引只起引导作用导作用，在主语从句中，在主语从句中不充当任何成分不
3、充当任何成分，that本身本身无实际意义，但不能省略无实际意义，但不能省略.whether意为意为“是否是否”，放在句首句末皆可。放在句首句末皆可。Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.2)连接代词连接代词 who(whoever),what(whatever),which(whichever),whom,whose.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.Whowillw
4、ritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.Whokilledthescientistremainsaquestion.Whomsheborrowedmoneyfromstillpuzzledhim.3)连接副词连接副词when，where，how，why等。等。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Whenwellstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.Wherethetestwillbegivenisnotyet
5、decided.Make sentences:Itscertain.wellbelate.Ishecomingornot？WedontknowWhatdoeshewanttotellus?WedontknowWhenwillyoucomeback?Itdoesntmatter.Its certain that we will be late.That well be late is certain.We dont know whether he is coming or not.Whether he is coming is not known.We dont know what he wan
6、ts to tell us.What he wants to tell us is not known.When you will come back doesnt matter.It doesnt matter when you will come back.主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用 it 作作 形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthis
7、roundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.A.It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)如：如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.B.It+be+名词词组名词词组+that从句从句(anhonour
8、,afact,apity,etc）如）如：Itsapitythatwecantgo.2.2.2.2.用用用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构C.It+be+过去分词过去分词+that从句(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc。）如：ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.D.It+不及物动词或短语不及物动词或短语+that从句从句(seem，happen,doesntmatter,turnout）。如：。如：Ithappenedth
9、atIwasoutthatday.Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词。连接词。误：误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用引导，但是如果用it做做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导引导.误：误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.注注 意意正：
10、正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.正：正：WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3）主语从句中用陈述语序）主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：
11、引导主语从句时，谓语动词：常与其后的名词作表语一致常与其后的名词作表语一致，且根据句子的语境而定。，且根据句子的语境而定。eg：5).用于用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat.句型中句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气,用用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。6).在在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required中中,that从句的谓语也应该用从句的谓语也应该用“should+动词原形动词原形”
12、的形式的形式,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisntdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Ifthepolicemenwillcomeisnotcertain.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoeverwhether改错练习改错练习6.Itissaythathewasafamouswriter.7.Itisse
13、emedthatitisgoingtorainsoon.8.Thatisfactthatshewonthefirstplace.9.Wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.10.Itisimportantthatastudentlearnsaforeignlanguage.said seemsIt is a factWhoevershould learn1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go campi
14、ng tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country.A Which B As C What D It 4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave