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1、2021/9/131Medicinal Mushrooms药用菌药用菌2021/9/1322021/9/133PrimaryStructureofBG一级结构Secondary二级结构Tertiary三级结构2021/9/134Importance of Tertiary Structure The Transistor is the Primary Structure The Circuit Board is the Secondary Structure The Computer is the Tertiary StructureInElectronics2021/9/135Terpeno
2、idsinMushrooms菌体中的萜类化合物Anti-infectious抗感染Anti-inflammatory抗炎2021/9/136MedicinalMushroomsandPrebiotics药用菌与益生元Mushroomsformaclassabovemanyotherprebiotics菌高于其它许多益生元类StimulateMcellsintheliningoftheintestine刺激在肠衬里的M细胞2021/9/137Ganoderma lucidum(Reishi,Lingzhi)灵芝灵芝 Bitter(terpenoids)苦(萜类)Traditionalindica
3、tions:CFS,传统指标:CFSDiabetes,cholesterol,Asthma糖尿病,胆固醇,哮喘VitCimprovesabsorption提高维生素C的吸收Protectsskinvs.UV(cancer),WBCvs.radiation.保护皮肤免受紫外线的伤害BringsTNF-,IL-1,IL-6toupperlimitofnormal(vs.cancer?)提升肿瘤坏死因子-,白介素1,白介素6的水平(抗癌？)2021/9/138IFFBenzieBioavailabilityrequiresAbsorptionDistributiontosite(s)ofutiliz
4、ation(viabloodplasma)Activeformtobepresentinviableamountsatthesesites2021/9/139IFFBenzieIn VivoStudy to Assess Bioavailability of Antioxidants in Green Tea,and Ganoderma lucidum(Lingzhi)nAcute post ingestion(up to 3h;placebo-controlled)1.1g*,n=103.3g,n=7Photo courtesy of NAMMEX400mlstronggreenteaBlo
5、odcollectedUrinecollectedAgentingested2021/9/1310IFFBenzieBioavailabilityofLingzhi(Ganoderma lucidum)Antioxidants*significantly(P0.05)different from time-matched level after placebo#significantly(P50ywithLUTS;dosesweregiven1xd.TheextractofG.lucidumwaswelltoleratedandanimprovementinInternationalProst
6、ateSymptomScoreIPSSwasobserved.TherecommendeddailydoseofG.luciduminmenwithLUTSis6mg.M.Noguchi对50位年逾50的LUTS男性患者进行随机、剂量探索、双盲安慰剂对照试验。结果：灵芝具有良好耐受性，能有效地改善患者的国际前列腺症状评分。建议LUTS男性患者每日服用的剂量为6毫克。NoguchiM,KakumaT,KuritaKet al.EffectofanextractofGanoderma luciduminmenwithlowerurinarytractsymptoms:adouble-blind,p
7、lacebo-controlledrandomizedanddose-rangingstudy.Asian J Androl2008;10:651-658.2021/9/1314ReishiMax as Anti-CancerTan NZ,Li CL,Sliva D,Zhang Y,Gao L,Zhu JS.Effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract ReishiMax on sarcoma S180-bearing mice and its synergy with green tea polyphenols Tegreen.National Symposium
8、 on Medicinal Fungi,Jiangxi,China 2008:165-171Ln TimeReishiMax 666 mg/kgPlaceboGrouping Variable:group RMKaplan-Meier Ln Cum.Hazard Plot for time RMCensor Variable:-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-.501.41.651.92.152.42.65Placebo0.20.80.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.8Reishi ExtractTumorWeight(g)2021/9/1315Cordyceps si
9、nensis冬虫夏草冬虫夏草Canbecookedwith:服用方法：-oldduck老鸭-black-bonehen乌骨鸡-leanpork(formen)瘦肉(男性)-quail鹌鹑-bakedabalone(bronchitis)鲍鱼(支气管炎)HalpernGM.Cordyceps:ChinasHealingMushroom.Avery,NY.1999;116pp2021/9/1316冬蟲夏草冬蟲夏草2021/9/13172021/9/1318Cordyceps sinensis 冬虫夏草冬虫夏草Formorethanathousandyears,Cordyceps sinensish
10、asbeenthemostprized“tonicfood”inAsia,especiallyinChina.冬虫夏草是中国传统的名贵药材，有逾千年的历史Cordyceps sinensiswasrecordedin“New Compilation of Materia Medica”as:在“本草从新”的记述中，虫草具备以下特质 sweetandneutralinnature味甘性温protectslungandkidneyfunction补肺益肾nourishestheessenceandvitalenergy滋养强壮具养生作用Cordyceps sinensis is primarily
11、akindof“parasiticmushroom”.Theprincipalspecies（主要种属）isPaecilomyces hepialiChen.冬虫夏草属寄生菌种，主要种属是Paecilomyces hepialiInthelate1970s,InstituteofMateriaMedica,Beijing,initiateda10-yearprogramtostudyCordyceps sinensis.中国医学科学院药物研究所于七十年代末期，对冬虫夏草展开了为期10年的研究计划Possiblebasisofeffect-adenosineanalogueandpolysacc
12、harides-Cs-1基本作用-腺苷类似物、多糖Cs-12021/9/1319Cordyceps sinensis(冬蟲草冬蟲草)Courtesy of Prof.F.T.Chau ABCTwavelengthretentiontimeintensity2021/9/1320SomeoftheuniquenucleosidesfoundinCordyceps 2021/9/1321 Historical 历史上历史上-Protectslungandkidneyfunction保护肝肾功能-Nourishestheessenceandvitalenergy滋养强壮具养生作用Current 現代
13、現代-Promotesstamina,healthylungfunction滋肺阴-Increasesendurance增加耐力-Reducesfatigue减少疲劳Dose 剂量剂量:525mgcapsule:2capsulestwiceorthreetimesdailywithfood每粒胶囊含有525 毫克，每天服用2-3 次Cordyceps Claims冬虫夏草冬虫夏草2021/9/1322 Cordyceps-Clinical studies冬虫夏草冬虫夏草-临床研究临床研究Humanstudies人类研究Highertolerancetocold(66elderlysubject
14、s)改善畏寒(66位长者)Improvementinfatiguedpatients(117subjects)改善体虚不复(117位患者)IncreasedSODlevels(37subjects)增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平(37位患者)Majoractivityvs.arrhythmias(75%improved)对抗心律失常(75%的患者)2021/9/1323Reference参考Cs-4 dos.剂量Weeks tt时间Total(n)总数Improved 改善%Han19953g/day2121009292%Quetal19953g/day4302687%Zheng&Deng1
15、9953g/day4201785%Yang19854.5g/day4272178%Zhengetal19854.5g/day4201890%Clinical Efficacy of Cs-4 in the Treatment of Respiratory DiseasesCs-4 对呼吸系统疾病的临床疗效对呼吸系统疾病的临床疗效 Clinicalimprovementnegativecontrols(p0.01)临床改善多于阴性对照(p0.20p0.20+13.7%p0.001CordyMaxCs-4ImprovesSteady-stateBio-EnergyStatusinMouseLive
16、rDaiG,BaoT,XuC,CooperR,ZhuJS.J Alt Compl Med2001;7:231-2402021/9/1329Treatment2.03.04.05.0Ratioofb-ATP:PiControl400mg/kg/d200mg/kg/d0714(Days)+47.7%+41.4%2021/9/1330100110120130140150160PlaceboCordyMaxSerum LDL(mg.dl-1)p=0.446-5.4%p=0.002 Week 0 Week 8 EffectsofCordyMaxonLipidsinPatientswithModerate
17、HyperlipidemiaZhuJSet al.National Symposium on Medicinal Fungi,Jiangxi,China2008:157-1642021/9/13312025303540455055PlaceboCordyMaxSerum HDL(mg.dl-1)25272931333537394143PlaceboCordyMax Week 0 Week 8+14.7%p=0.015+31.1%p0.001FemalesMalesp=0.261+12.3%p=0.003 p=0.023 2021/9/1332012345678PlaceboCordyMaxAt
18、herosclerosis Index Week 0 Week 8 p=0.309-29.0%p0.0012021/9/1333051015202530PlaceboCordyMaxSerum oxLDL(mg.dl-1)p=0.549-22.9%p=0.001 Week 0 Week 8 2021/9/1334012345678Placebo250500(mg/kg)FastingBloodGlucoseinRats(mmol/L)Day 0 Day 18 17dofCs-4p0.001p0.001CordyMaxCs-4ImprovesGlucoseMetabolism&InsulinSe
19、nsitivityinNormalRatsZhaoCS,YinWT,WangJY,ZhangY,YuH,CooperR,SmidtC,ZhuJS.J Alt Compl Med2002;8:309-3172021/9/13350.140.160.180.200.220.24Placebo250500(mg/kg)InsulinIndexinRats17daysofCs-4p=0.008p0.05,b.p 0.01;Controlfedwithanequalvolumeofphysiologicalsaline.*Fromstarttodrown.对照组口服等容量的生理盐水*从开始到淹死Grou
20、p实验组别Dose(g/kgd)药量Weight(g)体重Swimtime(min)*持续游泳时长(分钟)Control对照组030.64.2817.32.85Lowdose低剂量组129.73.07a24.74.27bHighdose高剂量组230.82.94a29.46.51b2021/9/134242Summary 概要概要Cs-HK1mycelialfermentationisasimpleandefficientprocessforproductionofCordyceps components.Sc-HK1菌丝体发酵培养是生产虫草成分的简单高效方法Cs-HK1mycelialbio
21、massandpolysaccharidescanbeappliedtoavarietyoffunctionalfoodandtherapeuticproducts.Cs-HK1菌丝生物体及其多糖能广泛地应用在保健食物和治疗产品上Furtherresearchanddevelopment进一步的研究与开发1)moreefficientandcost-effectivefermentationandproductseparationprocesses.2)更高效和经济的发酵和提取方法2)formulationofnewhealthproductswithmycelialextractandPS,
22、ofmuchhighervalue.应用菌丝体提取物和多糖开发更高价值健康产品的新配方3)industrialcollaborationsandcommercialapplications.工业产业的合作和开发商机2021/9/1343Grifola frondosa(Maitake)舞茸(灰树花)Hypoglycemic(diabetes)低血糖（糖尿病）bloodlipids,LDL(notHDL);hypotensive血脂，低密度脂蛋白，低血压Grifon-D+vitCvs.prostatecancercellsGrifon-D+维C對抗前列腺癌细胞Vs.obesity對抗肥胖Prot
23、ectslivervs.D-galactosaminetoxicity保肝對抗D-半乳糖胺毒性IL-6,TNF-production白介素6，肿瘤坏死因子-的合成2021/9/1344Grifola frondosa.Recentstudies舞茸(灰树花).目前的研究MayellMAltern Med Rev2001;6:48-60.KodamaN,KomutaK,SakaiN,NanbaHBiol Pharm Bull2002;25:1647-50.KodamaN,KomutaK,NanbaHAltern Med Rev2002;7:236-9.MD-fractionadjuncttoca
24、ncer,HIVtherapy;hyperlipidemia,hypertension,hepatitis舞茸D-组分辅助治疗癌症，艾滋，高血脂，高血压和肝炎19dD-fractionsuppressedMM46tumorgrowthinC3H/HeNmicewithTNF-,IFN-(spleen),TNF-(NK),IL-12(macrophages),evenatD2019dD组分抑制C3H/HeN小鼠的肿瘤生长，並刺激体内合成肿瘤抑制因子-，干扰素-，白介素6等抗癌肽类Wholepowder+MD-fractionassociatedwithcancerstagesII-IVregre
25、ssion(58.3%liver;68.8%breast;62.5%lung)舞茸全提取干粉+舞茸D-组分混合用药，能促成癌细胞二至四期退化(58.3%肝癌；68.8%乳癌；62.5%肺癌)32021/9/1345GD组份对T24细胞生长的剂量依赖效应EffectofVariousNaturalProductsonGrowthofBladderCancerCells:2PromisingMushroomExtractsKonnoS.Alt Med Rev2007;12:63-682021/9/1346Trametes versicolor(ex Coriolus versicolor,Yunz
26、hi)云芝云芝PSK/Krestin;PSP云芝多糖；云芝糖肽After10y,39%(vs.16%)n=185ofPSKstageI-IIlungcancersurvived十年期服用云芝多糖的一二期肺癌患者，存活率为39%（无服用患者存活率仅16%）After10y,81.1%(vs.64.5%)n=227ofPSK(+chemo)breastcancersurvived十年期服用云芝多糖配合化疗的乳癌患者，存活率为81.1%（无服用患者存活率仅64.5%)PSP(Cov-1)side-effectsofchemo-,radio-therapy云芝糖肽(Cov-1)能降低化疗和放射治疗的副
27、作用2021/9/1347Trametes versicolor.Recent Studies云芝云芝.目前的研究目前的研究 HsiehTC,KunickiJ,DarzynkiewiczZ,WuJMJ Altern Complement Med2002;8:591-602.HsiehTC,WuJMInt J Oncol2001;18:81-8.TsangKW,LamCL,YanCetal.Resp Med 2003;97:618-24.HL-60leukemiccellsincubatedwithPSPextractswerearrestedinG(1)phase,orwentapoptoti
28、c.WaterPSPIL-1,IL-6,IL-8HL-60血癌细胞经云芝糖肽处理后在G(1)期停止生长並凋亡，云芝糖肽水提取液能提高白介素-1和6的产生，但抑制白介素-8的制造PSP(70%ethanol)LNCaPgrowth,secretedPSA;0onandrogenreceptor;0onPC-3,DU-145云芝糖肽(溶于70%乙醇)抑制前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP生长，促进前列腺特异性抗原的分泌2X34NSCLCpatientspost-tt;28-dPSPorplacebo.PSPgroup:WBC/PMC,IgG,IgM,Body fat(p0.05);less withdraw
29、al(p=0.04;OR 4.00).SlowsdeteriorationinNSCLCpatients2X34個NSCLC患者的測試；28日口服云芝糖肽或安慰劑；云芝糖肽實驗組：WBC/PMC、免疫球蛋白G和M及身體脂肪上升；減緩惡化跡象2021/9/1348Lentinula edodes(Shiitake)椎茸椎茸384Lentinanref.PubMed384种香菇多糖Majoradjuvantvs.malignanciesinJapan有辅助治疗功效，预防发展成恶性肿瘤ImprovesQOL,tolerancetoAZT,ddiinHIV+patients改善QOL，抗HIV治疗时，
30、增加对AZT、双脱氧肌苷的耐受性Fightsoralbacteria(vs.caries)对抗口腔细菌（防治龋齿）2021/9/1349Lentinula edodes.Recent Studies椎茸椎茸.現今的研究現今的研究HatvaniNInt J Antimicrob Agents2001;17:71-4.NgML,YapATJ Altern Complement Med2002;8:581-9.KawaokaT,YoshinoS,HazamaSetal.Gan To Kagaku Ryoho2003;30:1562-5.NakanoH,NamatameK,NemotoHetal.He
31、patogastroenterology1999;46:2662-8.Mycelium-freeculturefluidwasbacteriostaticvs.Streptococcus pyogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus megaterium;heat-stable;MW1000.ProbablyLenthionine(S)无菌丝体培养液内含物质是耐热的，分子量约为1000，可能是羊毛硫氨酸，有抑菌作用，可对抗金黄葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、巨大芽胞杆菌MicefedwithLentinanhadmuchsmallertumors(humancolon
32、carcinoma);primedlymphocytes(fromprefedmice)protectedinpartnudemice口服香菇多糖小鼠的肿瘤(人类大肠癌)会更小；保护裸鼠内致敏淋巴细胞Lentinan+OK-432gavecompleteremissionwheninjectedinpleura/peritoneum(malignanteffusion);IFN-,IL-12inLentinangrouponly香菇多糖+OK-432能使胸腔膜恶性间皮瘤完全消退；同时也使IFN-,IL-12上升Lentinansurvival(p=0.028)inadvanced/chemo-treatedgastriccancerpatients;1-y:49%vs.0%;QOL香菇多糖能提高进展期胃癌化疗病人的存活率；一年存活率为49%，而无用药对照组则是0%；QOL亦有上升2021/9/13502021/9/1351ThankYou谢谢你