中国铁路发展回顾与展望.ppt

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1、杨杨 浩浩 教授教授 北京交通大学北京交通大学Professor Yang Hao,Beijing Jiaotong University2008.4DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE RAILWAYS中国铁路发展回顾与展望中国铁路发展回顾与展望 主要内容主要内容主要内容主要内容(Main points)Main points)1.改革开放以来中国铁路发展的回顾(Development of Chinese railway since the reform and opening up)2.中国铁路改革与发展中的主要问题(Main problems of Chinese railwa

2、y)3.中国铁路运输组织改革与创新的主要思路和对策(Main thoughts and countermeasures of reforming Chinese railway organization)4.新世纪铁路中长期发展规划 (Programming of Chinese railway in the 21st century)1 1改革开放以来中国铁路发展回顾改革开放以来中国铁路发展回顾(Development of Chinese railway since the reform and opening up)F 中国经济增长中国经济增长（Chinas economic growt

3、h）FF 铁路客运增长铁路客运增长(Growth of railway passenger transport)客运量客运量(volume of passenger traffic)旅客周转量旅客周转量(Turnover of passenger traffic)1.1经济和铁路运量的增长及变化趋势（Growth and development trend of Chinese economy and railway traffic volume）旅客旅客平均运距平均运距(Average journey per passenger transport)F铁路货运增长铁路货运增长（Growth

4、of railway freight transport）货运量货运量(Freight traffic volume)货运周转量货运周转量(turnover of freight traffic)货运平均运距货运平均运距(Average haul of freight traffic)1.1经济和铁路运量的增长及变化趋势(Growth and development trend of Chinese economy and railway traffic volume）F客运方面客运方面(Passenger transport)客运量分担率客运量分担率(Proportion of passen

5、ger volume)旅客周转量分担率旅客周转量分担率(Proportion of passenger turnover)F货运方面货运方面(Freight transport)货运量分担率货运量分担率(Proportion of freight volume)货物周转量分担率货物周转量分担率(Proportion of freight turnover)1.2铁路在全社会运量中分担率的变化(Proportion of railway traffic volume)F国国铁铁和和地地方方铁铁路路营营业业里里程程(State-owned and local railway length in o

6、peration)F铁路车辆保有量铁路车辆保有量 铁铁 路路 客客 车车 保保 有有 量量(Quantity of railway passenger vehicles)铁路货车保有量铁路货车保有量(Quantity of railway freight vehicles)F铁路机车总量铁路机车总量(Quantity of railway locomotives)1.3 1.3 铁路网的扩张和机车车辆增长铁路网的扩张和机车车辆增长(Development of railway network and growth of rolling stocks)1.4 路网技术含量提高路网技术含量提高(M

7、odernization of railway)F 铁路复线率铁路复线率(Proportion of double line railway)F 铁路电气化率铁路电气化率(Proportion of electrified railway)F 客客货货列列车车速速度度(Speeds of passenger and freight trains)F 铁铁路路货货车车平平均均牵牵引引重重量量(Average trains gross weight)1.5铁路面向市场的改革与发展铁路面向市场的改革与发展(Railway reform and development)F 铁路提速铁路提速(Railw

8、ay speed-up)：铁路六次提速铁路六次提速(The sixth speed-up of railway)快速客运网络初步形成快速客运网络初步形成(Primary formation of express passenger transport network)F铁路重载运输发展铁路重载运输发展(development of heavy haul traffic):大秦线建设与重载单元列车开行大秦线建设与重载单元列车开行(Construction of Datong-Qinhuangdao line and running heavy haul unit trains)繁忙干线开行繁忙干

9、线开行5000吨重载列车吨重载列车(Running 5000t heavy haul trains on busy main line)F铁铁路路集集装装箱箱与与快快运运列列车车开开行行(Running container and express freight trains)F青青藏藏高高原原铁铁路路建建成成通通车车(The opening to traffic of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway)F铁铁路路管管理理体体制制改改革革（Railway management system reform)）2.中国铁路改革与发展中的主要问题中国铁路改革与发展中的主要问题(Ma

10、in problems of Chinese railway)2.1 铁路管理体制改革和综合交通运输体系建设滞后(Management system reform of railway and development of comprehensive transport system)F体体制制改改革革滞滞后后于于其其他他交交通通方方式式(Management system reform of railway lag behind other transportation modes)F缺缺乏乏综综合合交交通通运运输输体体系系在在规规划划、建建设设、运运营营宏宏观观的的系系统统 管管 理理(L

11、acking system management of programming,construction and operation)2.2铁路供需矛盾比较突出铁路供需矛盾比较突出(Scarcity of transport capacity)：F 主要干线能力紧张、部分地区进出通道不畅(Scarcity of main lines transport capacity and congestion of railway passagers)F 季节运能紧张问题突出、路网规模总量明显不足(Scarcity of seasonal transport capacity and network s

12、cale)2.3铁路技术进步有待加强铁路技术进步有待加强(Urgent requirements of improving railway technology)F 提高铁路高速、重载、信息化、安全技术水平和人力资源利用水平(Improve railway technology in the aspects of high speed,heavy load,informatization,safety and human resource utilization )2.4路网和运能结构失衡路网和运能结构失衡(Unbalanced structure of network and transpo

13、rt capacity)F客、货混行，造成客、货争能(Mixed passenger and freight railway result contention for transport capacity）F运营与维修矛盾突出(Contradiction of operation and maintenance)F运输质量不高(The transport quality is not high)2.5 信息化和现代化管理水平不高信息化和现代化管理水平不高(The level of informatization and modernization is not high)F先进技术装备运营效

14、率低先进技术装备运营效率低(The operational efficiency of advanced technology equipments is low)3.3.我国铁路运输组织改革与创新的主要思路和我国铁路运输组织改革与创新的主要思路和对策对策(Main thoughts and countermeasures of reforming Chinese railway organization)3.1立足于建立和完善我国综合交通运输体系，加快立足于建立和完善我国综合交通运输体系，加快铁路发展和运输组织改革，大力建设社会化交通运铁路发展和运输组织改革，大力建设社会化交通运输服务体系，

15、大力发展旅客联程运输和货物多式联输服务体系，大力发展旅客联程运输和货物多式联运，发挥铁路在综合交通运输体系中的骨干和主导运，发挥铁路在综合交通运输体系中的骨干和主导作用。作用。Establish and improve the comprehensive transport system,accelerate railway development and operational reform,construct the social transport service system,develop intermodal transportation,exert the leading rol

16、e of railway.3.2充分发挥铁路的比较优势和可持续发展特征，努力充分发挥铁路的比较优势和可持续发展特征，努力发展高速铁路、重载运输、节能运输和清洁运输。发展高速铁路、重载运输、节能运输和清洁运输。Exert comparative advantages and sustainable development characteristics of railway and develop high speed railway,heavy load transport,energy saving and clean transport.3.3加快客运专线建设，形成区域、城际、城市一体化加

17、快客运专线建设，形成区域、城际、城市一体化快速轨道交通体系，尽快实现主要繁忙干线客货分线快速轨道交通体系，尽快实现主要繁忙干线客货分线运行，改善铁路运能结构。运行，改善铁路运能结构。Accelerate construction of special railway passenger transport lines,form regional,inter-city and urban integration rapid rail transit system,separate passenger and freight transport on busy main lines as soon

18、 as possible.3.4调整铁路生产力布局，减少技术站数量，封闭运量调整铁路生产力布局，减少技术站数量，封闭运量小的中间站，实行集中化运输，改革设备修程修制，小的中间站，实行集中化运输，改革设备修程修制，调整机务段、车辆段布局和工务、电务维修养护体系。调整机务段、车辆段布局和工务、电务维修养护体系。Adjust distribution of railway productive forces,reduce technical service stations,close small volume intermediate stations,implement centralized

19、transportation,reform equipment repair system,adjust and merge locomotive depots,car depots and maintenance system of engineering and electricity.3.5加快信息化建设，发展以先进信息技术为支撑的加快信息化建设，发展以先进信息技术为支撑的运输过程和安全监控系统、运输计划编制与调度指挥运输过程和安全监控系统、运输计划编制与调度指挥系统，运输管理与市场营销决策系统，电子商务系统系统，运输管理与市场营销决策系统，电子商务系统等。等。Accelerate in

20、formatization development,develop advanced information technology supporting for monitoring system of transport process and safety,transport planning and scheduling system,decision-making system of transport management and marketing,e-commerce systems.4.新世纪中国铁路发展规划新世纪中国铁路发展规划(Programming of Chinese

21、railway in the 21st century)4.1 铁铁路路客客货货运运量量预预测测与与路路网网规规模模需需求求(Forecast of railway passenger and freight volume and demand of network scale)200120107.5201120207.0全社会旅客发送量(Total passenger traffic volume)铁路客运量(Railway passenger volume)国家发展计划(National development planning)GDP平均增长速度(Average growth speed

22、 of GDP)铁路旅客周转量(Railway passenger turnover)亿人次亿人次(hundred millionperson-time)亿人次亿人次(hundred million person-time)万亿人公里万亿人公里(thousand billion passenger km)2010250201.02020450 402.1UnitYear4.1 铁铁路路客客货货运运量量预预测测与与路路网网规规模模需需求求(Forecast of railway passenger and freight volume and demand of network scale)20

23、0120107.5201120207.0全社会货物发送量(Total freight traffic volume)铁路货运量(Railway freightvolume)国家发展计划(National development planning)GDP平均增长速度(Average growth speed of GDP)铁路货运周转量(Railway freight turnover)亿吨亿吨(hundred million ton)亿吨亿吨(hundred million ton)万亿吨公里万亿吨公里(thousand billion ton km)2010170-17528-302.1-2

24、.22020200-21038-402.8-2.9UnitYear合理布局(Reasonable distribution)2020年规模(Scale in 2020)13万公里(ten thousand km)12万公里(ten thousand km)1113 万公里万公里(ten thousand km)1 12 2万公里左右(about 0.1 million km)路网规模影响因素路网规模影响因素(Factors Affecting railway network scale):国土面积(national area),人口(population),生产力布局(productive f

25、orces distribution),国家运输政策(national transport policy)合理结构(Reasonable structure)合理运输负荷(Reasonable load)4.1 铁铁路路客客货货运运量量预预测测与与路路网网规规模模需需求求(Forecast of railway passenger and freight volume and demand of network scale)F电气化铁路建设电气化铁路建设(Electrified railway development)可持续发展可持续发展sustainable development燃油节省s

26、avingfuel环境保护environmentprotection20202020年规模为年规模为6 6万万kmkm占总里程的占总里程的50%50%.Scale in 2020 will be 50000km,which is 50%of total scale 电气化铁路electrified railway4.1 铁铁路路客客货货运运量量预预测测与与路路网网规规模模需需求求(Forecast of railway passenger and freight volume and demand of network scale)建成在我国交通运输中起骨干作用的大能力铁路通道，建成在我国交通

27、运输中起骨干作用的大能力铁路通道，形成快速客运网络、重载煤炭运输网络、快速集装箱形成快速客运网络、重载煤炭运输网络、快速集装箱运输网络，主要技术装备达到国际先进水平，运输能运输网络，主要技术装备达到国际先进水平，运输能力适应国民经济发展需要。力适应国民经济发展需要。Build the railway passages with a great capacity,form express passenger network,heavy load coal transport network and express container transport network,develop the i

28、nternational advanced level technology equipments.Railway transport capacity meets the needs of economy and society development.4.2铁路发展目标铁路发展目标(Railway development goal)F本本世世纪纪头头20年年铁铁路路网网建建设设的的总总体体目目标标(Railway network development goal until 2020)4.2铁路发展目标铁路发展目标(Railway development goal)F具体要求具体要求(Sp

29、ecific requirements )v路网规模迅速扩大路网规模迅速扩大 (Enlarging railway network scale rapidly)v路网结构更加合理路网结构更加合理 (More reasonable railway network structure)v路网质量极大提高路网质量极大提高 (Great improvements of railway network quality)v技术水平快速提升技术水平快速提升 (Lifting technology rapidly)4.3 铁路网发展规划方案的基本框架铁路网发展规划方案的基本框架(Framework of ra

30、ilway network development programming)F20202020年铁路网规划年铁路网规划(Railway network Programming in 2020)快速客运网快速客运网 建设以京沪、京广、京哈（含哈大）、沪厦深及徐州建设以京沪、京广、京哈（含哈大）、沪厦深及徐州兰州、上海兰州、上海长沙、青岛长沙、青岛太原、沪汉蓉太原、沪汉蓉“四纵四横四纵四横”客运通道为骨架，包括珠三角、长三角和环渤海客运通道为骨架，包括珠三角、长三角和环渤海3 3个经个经济区的城际客运专线，总长济区的城际客运专线，总长1.61.6万万kmkm的快速客运网。的快速客运网。Constr

31、uct the four vertical and the four horizontal including Jing-Hu,Jing-Guang,Jing-Ha,Hu-Xia-Shen,Xuzhou-Lanzhou,Shanghai-Changsha,Qingdao-Taiyuan,Hu-Han-Rong and intercity special passenger transport lines in Pearl River Delta,Yangtze Delta and around Bohai.The total length of express passenger transp

32、ort network will be 16000km.国土开发性新线国土开发性新线(Land development new lines)以扩大西部路网规模为主，增加铁路路网密度，形以扩大西部路网规模为主，增加铁路路网密度，形成西部铁路网骨架，完善中东部铁路网骨架，全面成西部铁路网骨架，完善中东部铁路网骨架，全面提高对地区经济发展的适应能力。提高对地区经济发展的适应能力。Extend the western railway network scale mainly,increase railway network density,form the western railway networ

33、k framework,develop the structural frame of railway networks in central and eastern China,improve the overall adaptability of economic development.F20202020年铁路网规划年铁路网规划(Railway network Programming in 2020)路网既有线路网既有线(Existing Railway Lines)大力提高煤运通道能力，积极加强路网通道能力，适大力提高煤运通道能力，积极加强路网通道能力，适当提高一般通道能力，配套安排主

34、要枢纽建设。规划当提高一般通道能力，配套安排主要枢纽建设。规划既有线增建二线既有线增建二线1.31.3万公里，既有线电气化万公里，既有线电气化1.61.6万公里。万公里。Increase transport capacity of coal passages,develop passage transport capacity actively,improve transport capacity of common passages properly,arrange construction of main hubs.The additional construction length of

35、 the second lines will be 13000km.The electrified length of existing railway lines will be 16000km.F20202020年铁路网规划年铁路网规划(Railway network Programming in 2020)联系方式联系方式(Affiliation)：Tel:010-51687133(O)E-mail:返回返回主要年度主要年度GDP增长情况增长情况(GDP in main years)Returnthousand billion Yuan主要年份客运量主要年份客运量(passenger v

36、olume in main years)Returnhundred million person-timerailwayroadsum主要年份旅客周转量主要年份旅客周转量(passenger turnover in main years)Returnhundred million passenger kmsumrailwayroadcivil aviation主要年份旅客运输平均运距统计主要年份旅客运输平均运距统计(Average haul distance of passenger transport in main years)Returnkmcivil aviationroadrailw

37、aysum主要年份货运量(Freight volume in main years)Returnhundred million tonsumroadrailway主要年份货物周转量主要年份货物周转量(Freight turnover in main years)Returnhundred million ton kmsumwaterwayrailwayroad主要年份各运输方式的货物平均运距主要年份各运输方式的货物平均运距 (Average haul distance of freight transport in main years)Returnkmsumcivil aviationrai

38、lwayroad主要年份客运量分担率主要年份客运量分担率(Proportion of passenger volume in main years)Returnrailwayroad主要年份旅客周转量分担率主要年份旅客周转量分担率(Proportion of passenger turnover in main years)Returnroadrailway主要年份货运量分担率(Proportion of freight volume in main years)Returnrailwayroad主要年份货物周转量分担率(Proportion of freight turnover in ma

39、in years)Returnrailwayroad主要年份铁路营业里程主要年份铁路营业里程(Railway operating length in main years)Returnten thousand kmtotal railway length stated-owned railway主要年份客车保有量(Passenger vehicles quantity in main years)returnsleeper percent passenger cars 主要年份货车保有量主要年份货车保有量(Freight vehicles quantity in main years)Retu

40、rnten thousand freight cars gondola cars 主要年份主要年份铁路机车总量铁路机车总量(Quantity of locomotives in main years)Returnsteam locomotivesdiesel locomotiveselectric locomotives主要年度铁路复线率(Proportion of double line railway)Returnnationwide length of double line railwayproportion of double line railway主要年份电气化率主要年份电气化率

41、(Proportion of electrified railway)Returnnationwide length of electrified railwayproportion of electrified railway铁路客运列车速度(Speeds of passenger trains)technical speedtraveling speed铁路货运列车速度铁路货运列车速度(Speeds of freight trains)Returntechnical speedtraveling speed铁路货运列车平均牵引总重(Average traction weight of fr

42、eight trains)ReturnAverage traction weight of freight trains大秦线建设与重载单元列车开行大秦线建设与重载单元列车开行(Construction of Daqin line and running trains with heavy load elements)20世纪80年代中期我国自行设计和修建了大秦双线电气化重载运煤专线。该线开行单元式重载列车和组合式重载列车。2002年实现运煤突破1亿吨，2005年实现年运量2亿吨，2007年实现运量3亿吨。大秦线通过实施配套扩能改造和新建工程，大量开行2万吨列车，远期煤炭运输能力将提升到4亿吨

43、。Daqin line was designed and built up by China in the middle of 1980s,which was the double line and electrified railway and runs element and combined heavy haul trains.The coal carried by this line exceeded one hundred million tons in 2002,exceeded two hundred million tons in 2005 and realized three

44、 hundred million tons in 2007.This line implements capacity expansion revamping and newly built engineering and mainly runs of 20000t trains.The long-term coal transport capacity of this line will be four hundred million tons.Return五定班列五定班列与与行包专列行包专列(Five sets regular trains and parcel trains)1997年年

45、4月月1日，我国在日，我国在28个主要城市和港口间的铁个主要城市和港口间的铁路干线上组织开行路干线上组织开行以集装箱和高附加值以集装箱和高附加值货物为主要货货物为主要货源的远程直达快运列车。源的远程直达快运列车。China runs long distance non-stop trains on arterial railway lines among 28 cities and ports which mainly carry containers and high additional value goods.在行包运输领域以路外在行包运输领域以路外物流企业承包经营物流企业承包经营的方式

46、组的方式组织开行行包快运列车。织开行行包快运列车。20052005年推出行包专列的升级产年推出行包专列的升级产品品行邮专列，其中行邮专列，其中3 3个特快专列，在京沪穗哈间开个特快专列，在京沪穗哈间开行，最高时速行，最高时速160160km/hkm/h。China railway operates parcel trains in other logistics enterprises contract management manner and runs parcel special trains in 2005 including three express special parcel

47、trains among Jing-Hu-Sui-Ha at a maximum running speed of 160km/h.Return铁路管理体制改革铁路管理体制改革(Railway management system reform)19991999年，铁道部在铁路局全面实行资产经营责任制年，铁道部在铁路局全面实行资产经营责任制,建建立企业扭亏增盈的机制，提前实现了三年扭亏目标。立企业扭亏增盈的机制，提前实现了三年扭亏目标。Ministry of railways carried out assets operation responsibility system in 1999 a

48、nd established the reversing losses into profits mechanism.The reversing losses target was realized three years ahead.20042004年实施主辅分离，铁路附属的工业公司、勘测设年实施主辅分离，铁路附属的工业公司、勘测设计院、施工企业、物资公司、通信公司移交国资委，计院、施工企业、物资公司、通信公司移交国资委，所属中小学、医院全部移交地方政府。所属中小学、医院全部移交地方政府。The separation of main and supplement was carried ou

49、t in 2004.Industrial companies,survey and design institutes,construct enterprises,material companies,communications companies,schools and hospitals affiliated to the ministry of railways were transferred to local governments.调整生产力布局，延长机车运行交路，撤并站段，站调整生产力布局，延长机车运行交路，撤并站段，站段数量减少段数量减少3030，按照集中化原则加强作业量大的

50、客，按照集中化原则加强作业量大的客货运站能力，优化技术站作业分工。货运站能力，优化技术站作业分工。Adjust productive forces distribution,extent the locomotive working system,cancel and combine stations and depots,reduce 30%number of stations and depots,strengthen the operational capacity of passenger and freight stations in accordance with centrali