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1、SectionAGrammarFocus学习目标学习目标1.1.语言知识目标：语言知识目标：1)学习掌握下列词汇：fridge,low,somebody,translate,lock,earthquake,sudden,all of a sudden,biscuit,cookie,instrument 2）进行一步复习巩固学习Section A 部分所学的生词和词组。3）进一步学习运用一般过去时态的被动语态。4)掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法，并通过不同方式的练习，来熟练运用。2.2.情感态度价值观目标：情感态度价值观目标：培养想象力，善于观察事物。面对难题，用积极的态度去解决，发挥想象力，认识
2、世界，改造世界。Translatethephrases.spreadtoothercountriesbyaccidentItissaidoveranopenfirefallintothewatertakeplacewithoutdoubt流传到其它国家流传到其它国家偶然；意外地偶然；意外地据说据说在户外的火上在户外的火上掉入水中；落入水中掉入水中；落入水中发生；出现发生；出现毫无疑问；的确毫无疑问；的确阅读阅读Grammar Focus中的句中的句子，然后做填空练习。子，然后做填空练习。拉链是什么时候被发明的？拉链是什么时候被发明的？拉链是什么时候被发明的？拉链是什么时候被发明的？_ _ th
3、e zipper _ _ the zipper _ _ the zipper _ _ the zipper _?_?_?_?它于它于它于它于1893189318931893年被发明。年被发明。年被发明。年被发明。It _ _ in 1893.It _ _ in 1893.It _ _ in 1893.It _ _ in 1893.它是由谁发明的？它是由谁发明的？它是由谁发明的？它是由谁发明的？_ _ it invented _?_ _ it invented _?_ _ it invented _?_ _ it invented _?它是它是它是它是 由惠特科姆由惠特科姆由惠特科姆由惠特科姆
4、贾得森发明的。贾得森发明的。贾得森发明的。贾得森发明的。It _ _ _ Whitcomb Judson.It _ _ _ Whitcomb Judson.It _ _ _ Whitcomb Judson.It _ _ _ Whitcomb Judson.茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？_ _tea _ _ _tea _ _ _tea _ _ _tea _ to Korea?to Korea?to Korea?to Korea?茶叶在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。茶叶在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。茶叶在六到七世纪之间被带
5、到朝鲜。茶叶在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。It _ _ to Korea _the 6th and 7th It _ _ to Korea _the 6th and 7th It _ _ to Korea _the 6th and 7th It _ _ to Korea _the 6th and 7th centuries.centuries.centuries.centuries.热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？What _ the hot ice-cream _ _?What _ the hot ice-cream _ _?What _
6、 the hot ice-cream _ _?What _ the hot ice-cream _ _?它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。Its _ _ _ really cold ice-cream.Its _ _ _ really cold ice-cream.Its _ _ _ really cold ice-cream.Its _ _ _ really cold ice-cream.电话机在电话机在电话机在电话机在1876187618761876年被贝尔所发明。年被贝尔所发明。年被贝尔所发明。年被贝尔所发明。The telephon
7、e _ _ _ Alexander Graham The telephone _ _ _ Alexander Graham The telephone _ _ _ Alexander Graham The telephone _ _ _ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.Bell in 1876.Bell in 1876.Bell in 1876.贝尔于贝尔于贝尔于贝尔于1876187618761876年发明了电话机。年发明了电话机。年发明了电话机。年发明了电话机。Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876.Alexan
8、der Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876.Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876.Alexander Graham Bell _ the telephone in 1876.被动语态被动语态(PassiveVoice)结构结构:be+V-p.p.am/are/is+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词was/were+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态:一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态主动语态)Englishiss
9、pokenbymanypeopleThenaughtyboybrokethewindowyesterday.(主动语态主动语态)Thewindowwasbroken(bythenaughtyboy)yesterday.Weboughtsomebooks.主动句与被动句之间的转换主动句与被动句之间的转换Somebookswerebought(byus)主语主语谓语动词主动语态的过去式谓语动词主动语态的过去式宾语宾语主语主语谓语动词被动语态的过去分词谓语动词被动语态的过去分词介词介词+宾语宾语主动句变为被动句所遵循的主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：个步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
10、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2.把动词变为被动形式即把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它后面以它的的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。被动语态的几种句型被动语态的几种句型肯定句肯定句主语主语+be+过去分词过去分词+(by)Asweetsongwassungbyheronthes
11、tage.2否定句否定句主语主语+be+not+过去分词过去分词+(by)3一般疑问句一般疑问句Be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?Asweetsongwasntsungbyheronthestage.Wasasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?4特殊疑问句特殊疑问句疑问词疑问词+be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?Wherewasasweetsongsungbyher?被动语态的运用被动语态的运用:（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。Thehouseisquiteold.I
12、twasbuiltin1950.这座房子太旧了，它是这座房子太旧了，它是1950年建的。年建的。Whenwilltheroadbeopenedtotraffic?这条路什么时候通车这条路什么时候通车?（2）需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。Calculatorcantbeusedinthemathexam.计算器不能用于数学考试。计算器不能用于数学考试。Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.他在比赛中获得了第一。他在比赛中获得了第一。有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者,这时也常用被动语态。这时也常用被动语态。
13、Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.请你给我们表演一个节目。请你给我们表演一个节目。（3）Whenwasthecarinvented?Itwasinventedin1885.Whoweretheyinventedby?TheywereinventedbyJulieThompson.Whataretheyusedfor?Theyareusedforseeinginthedark.Rea
14、dthesentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.一般讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。一般讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：态举例如下：1、一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.2、一般过去式的被动语态、一般过去式的被动语态:wa
15、s/were+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.2.Somebodystolemycamerafrommyhotelroom.Mycamerawasstolen(bysomebody)frommyhotelroom.3.Wheredidyoutakethesephotos?Wherewerethephotostaken(byyou)?4aRewritethesentencesusingthepassivevoice.4.Ourparentsadvisedusnottogooutalone.5.Diff
16、erentwriterstranslatedthebookintodifferentlanguages.Wewereadvisednottogooutalone(byourparents).Thebookwastranslatedintodifferentlanguages(bydifferentwriters).1.Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.2.Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebythepeople.把下列的主动句变为被动句。把下列的主动句变为被动句。Exercise
17、.单项选择单项选择1.-TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.-It_inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaughtD2.We_toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.A.tellB.toldC.aretoldD.weretold3.-DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?-Yes.Infact,it_.Thatsallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactori
18、esaround.A.pollutedB.waspollutedC.haspollutedD.willpolluteDB.将下列句子变为被动语态将下列句子变为被动语态1.Myparentsboughtmeacomputerlastweek.2.Weoftenhearthegirlsinghappilyinherroom.Thegirlisoftenheardtosinghappily(byus)inherroom.Acomputerwasboughtformebymyparentslastweek.用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thepizzawas_(make)by
19、me.Wouldyouliketohavesome?2.TheGreatWallis_(know)allovertheworld.3.Thisstorywas_(tell)bymygrandmotherlastnight.4.Wasanewsciencemuseum_(build)inyourhometownlastyear?5.Nostudentis_(see)intheplayground.madeknowntoldbuiltseen6.Historyis_bythepeople.(make)7.Heisoften_todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)8.Theboo
20、k_byhimlastyear.(write)9.Theradio_lastweek.(repair)madeaskedwaswrittenwasrepaired4b Completethesentenceswithcorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.The keyswereinvitedwerebroughtwaslockedrangweretoldbrokewereeatenliked4c Writethecorrectformsintheblanks.The keyswasinventedwasbornworkedlearntwasinventedwassaid
21、isused将下列各句改为被动语态将下列各句改为被动语态1.Hesavedalotofmoneythissummer.2.Wespendlargesumsofmoneyeachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges.Alotofmoneywassavedthissummer.Largesumsofmoneyisspenteachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges.【2011安徽芜湖安徽芜湖】42.Thesedaysstudentsinsomeschools_nottousemobilephones.A.askB.askedC.
22、areaskedD.wereasked答案：答案：C【解析解析】被动语态。主语被动语态。主语students是动作的承是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；根据受者，所以用被动语态；根据thesedays可知可知用一般现在时。用一般现在时。【2011雅安雅安】20.Alotoftrees_onthehillyesterday.A.areplantedB.willbeplantedC.havebeenplantedD.wereplanted答案：答案：D【解析解析】考查被动语态。由时间状语考查被动语态。由时间状语yesterday可知，用一般过去时，由可知，用一般过去时，由trees和和plant构成
23、被构成被动关系，用一般过时的被动语态。动关系，用一般过时的被动语态。（2011江苏宿迁）江苏宿迁）We_(ask)tohelpourparentsdosomehouseworkeveryday.(2013山东威海山东威海)你能告诉我电话是什么时候发明的吗？你能告诉我电话是什么时候发明的吗？_.are/wereaskedCould/Canyoutellwhenthetelephonewasinvented?【2012江苏南京江苏南京】Yaxi,aquietvillageinGanchun,_Chinasfirst“SlowCity”inNovember2011.A.namesB.namedC.i
24、snamedD.wasnamed【2012湖北黄石湖北黄石】Youhavetostaybehindifyourhomework_beforefiveoclock.A.isntdoneB.wontbedoneC.doesntdoD.wasntdoneDA【2013陕西陕西】Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeopleslifealotsinceit_.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented【2013广西南宁广西南宁】HanHansbooksarepopular.They_bymanyteenagers.A.isreadB.w
25、asreadC.arereadD.werereadDC【2014河南河南】WhenTim_whyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.A.wasaskedB.askedC.wasaskingD.isasking【2014陕西陕西】Everyday,toomuchwater_inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wastedAA【2014杭州杭州】Tomygreatsurprise,thefamousathletesstory_differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.reportedC.wasreportingD.reports【2014嘉兴嘉兴】Tellmeonethingyoureproudofyourjuniorhighschool,Tony.I_ascaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.A.chooseB.choseC.amchosenD.waschosenAD