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1、核心考点九非谓语动词核心考点九非谓语动词在高中英语中地位重要在高中英语中地位重要What good is the warmth of summer,without the cold of winter to give it sweetness.不经历冬日严寒,怎知暖夏不经历冬日严寒,怎知暖夏美好?美好?【考向聚焦考向聚焦】近近三三年年高高考考主主要要考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词的的作作用用和和形形式式。在在作作用用方方面面主主要要考考查查作作宾宾语语时时用用不不定定式式还还是是V-ing形形式式;作作宾宾语语、状状语语、补补语语时时用用不不定定式式还还是是V-ing形形式式或或V-ed形形式式
2、;它它们们作作某某一一成成分分时时的的特特殊殊情情况况及及特特殊殊结结构构。在在形形式式方方面面主主要要考考查查用用一一般般式式还还是是完完成成式式、主主动动式式还还是是被被动动式式、V-ing形式形式还还是是过过去分去分词词。见见WordWord版考点真题研练版考点真题研练【典典例例1】_ it with me should be a good choice.Trust me!AWhen left BLeaveCIf you leave DLeaving解解析析句句意意:把把他他留留给给我我应应该该是是一一个个好好选选择择。相相信信我我。leaving是动名词作主语。是动名词作主语。答案答案
3、D辨别谓语与非谓语辨别谓语与非谓语 【典典例例2】Please do me a favor_ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.Ato invite Binviting Cinvite Dinvited 解解析析该该题题目目把把祈祈使使句句,非非谓谓语语动动词词以以及及破破折折号号的的作作用用综综合合到到一一起起来来进进行行考考查查。句句意意:请请帮帮我我个个忙忙邀邀请请我我的的朋朋友友史史密斯先生今晚密斯先生今晚7点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。答案答案C1The traffic
4、 rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seatAbeing weighed BweighsCweighed Dweighing解解析析容容易易误误选选B或或C,将将其其当当成成谓谓语语看看待待。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用用作作children的的定定语语。动动词词weigh与与名名词词children是是主主动动关关系系,所所以以选选择择weighing。答案答案D
5、2_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.AGiving BGive CGiven DTo give解解析析如如果果不不注注意意分分析析句句子子结结构构,会会误误选选A或或C项项。这这是是祈使句祈使句and陈述句陈述句的句型。的句型。答案答案B谓谓语语:谓谓语语是是对对主主语语动动作作或或状状态态的的陈陈述述或或说说明明,指指出出“做做什什么么”、“是是什什么么”或或“怎怎么么样样”,谓谓语语动动词词的的位位置置一一般般在在主主语之后。语之后。非谓语:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫非谓语:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动
6、词形式叫作非谓语动词。作非谓语动词。【典典例例3】I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.Aworking;stopping Bto work;stoppingCworking;to stop Dto work;to stop 解解析析stand在在这这里里表表示示“忍忍受受”,后后面面要要求求用用动动名名词词作作宾宾语,而语,而“refuse”要用不定式作宾语。要用不定式作宾语。答案答案 C非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语 【典例典例4】Isnt it tim
7、e you got down to _ the papers?Amark Bbe markedCbeing marked Dmarking 解解析析“got down to”中中的的“to”是是介介词词,因因而而要要用用动动名名词词作作宾宾语语,而而动动名名词词“marking”与与其其逻逻辑辑主主语语“you”是是主主动动关关系。系。答案答案D3There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.Athat;to be improved Bwhich;to be
8、improvedCwhere;improving Dwhen;improving解解析析 因因为为“公公路路状状况况需需要要改改善善”,“need”后后接接“improving”或或“to be improved”都都可可以以。后后面面的的从从句句应应是是“problem”的同位语,应用的同位语,应用“that”引导。引导。答案答案A4Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried _ alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.Aliving Bto liveCto be li
9、ving Dhaving lived解解析析try doing sth 意意为为“试试着着做做某某事事”;try to do sth 意意为为“尽尽力力去去做做某某事事”。句句意意:苏苏姗姗不不想想依依赖赖父父母母。她她试试着着一一个人生活,但不喜欢这样,又搬回家去了。个人生活,但不喜欢这样,又搬回家去了。答案答案A非谓语作主语、宾语的重点非谓语作主语、宾语的重点(1)it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。对我们来说学好英语是非常
10、重要的。I think it important for us to learn English very well.我我认认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。(2)it作形式主语使用作形式主语使用V-ing形式的句型形式的句型It is no use/no good/uselessdoing sth It is no use crying.哭没有用。哭没有用。It is fun(a great pleasure,a waste of time)doing sth It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时
11、间。设法解释是浪费时间。【典典例例5】Tom sounds very much _ in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.Ainterested Binteresting Cinterestingly Dinterestedly解解析析“sound”是是连连系系动动词词,应应使使用用形形容容词词化化的的分分词词作作表表语语。C、D 备备选选项项都都是是副副词词,应应排排除除。“interest”的的现现在在分分词词表表示示主主语语所所具具有有的的特特征征,意意思思是是“令令人人感感兴兴趣趣的的”;过过去分词表示主语所处的状态,意
12、思是去分词表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感兴趣的感兴趣的”。答案答案A非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语 【典典例例6】Please remain _;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.Aseating Bseated Cto seat Dto be seated解解析析“seat”是是及及物物动动词词,“be seatedsit down”。此此处处“seatedsitting”。“remain seated”保保持持坐坐着着的的状状态态。句句意:请各位在座位上坐着;获奖者很快就会宣布的。意:请各位在座位上坐着;获奖者很快就会宣布的。答
13、案答案B5It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.Ainterested;interest Binteresting;be interestedCinterested;be interestingDinteresting;interest解解析析考考查查现现在在分分词词作作表表语语,表表示示主主语语的的特特征征或或性性质。质。答案答案D6Sara,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.Aget changed Bget chan
14、geCget changing Dget to change解解析析“get过过去去分分词词”结结构构描描述述主主语语在在该该动动作作完完成成后后所所处处的的状状态态。用用于于此此结结构构的的过过去去分分词词还还有有closed,dressed,paid,broken,lost,killed等。等。答案答案A非谓语作表语的重点非谓语作表语的重点(1)不不定定式式、V-ing形形式式与与过过去去分分词词作作表表语语的的区区别别。不不定定式式和和V-ing形形式式作作表表语语相相当当于于一一个个名名词词作作表表语语,含含义义是是回回答答主主语语“是是什什么么”;V-ing形形式式和和过过去去分分词
15、词作作表表语语相相当当于于形形容容词词作作表表语语,含含义义是是回回答主语答主语“怎么样怎么样”。Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我我们们的的计计划划是是让让这这件件事事成成为为秘密。秘密。Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他他们们的的工工作作是为残疾人制造轮椅。是为残疾人制造轮椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他他们们演演奏奏的的音音乐乐听听起起来令人激动。来令人激动。This beautiful village remai
16、ns unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未被外界所知。这个美丽的村庄仍未被外界所知。(2)V-ing形形式式和和过过去去分分词词作作表表语语的的区区别别。V-ing形形式式和和过过去去分分词词作作表表语语都都是是用用于于回回答答主主语语“怎怎么么样样”的的。V-ing形形式式说说明明主主语语的特征的特征,过去分词说明,过去分词说明主语的状态主语的状态。如:。如:This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征说明狗的特征)This dog is frightened.这这条条狗狗有有些些害害怕怕。(说
17、说明明狗狗的的心心理理状状态态)Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬爬山山是是累累人人的的,爬爬了了一一天天的的山山我我们们都都全全累累坏坏了了。(tiring说明说明climbing的特征,的特征,tired说明我们的状态说明我们的状态)【典例典例7】The teacher asked us _ so much noise.Adont make Bnot makeCnot making Dnot to make解解析析在在动动词词“ask”后后面面用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,
18、其其否否定形式是定形式是“not to do”。答案答案D非谓语动词作宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语 【典例典例8】Excuse me,sir,where is Room 301?Just a minute.Ill have Bob _ you to your room.Ashow Bshows Cto show Dshowing解解析析“have sb do sth”意意为为命命令令或或安安排排某某人人做做某某事事。根根据据提提供供的的情情景景可可判判断断出出让让Bob带带你你到到房房间间去去,“have sb doing sth”表示表示使某人使某人一直一直处于某种状态中处于某种状态中。
19、答案答案A7A cook will be immediately fired if he was found _ in kitchen.Asmoke Bsmoking Cto smoke Dsmoked解解析析“find”后后接接现现在在分分词词作作主主语语补补足足语语。此此句句中中“smoking”是是主主语语“he”的的补补足足语语,所所以以称称为为主主语语补补足足语语。表表示示主主动动的的正正在在发发生生的的事事。根根据据“immediately”可可判判断断出出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。答案答案B8To learn English w
20、ell,we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.Aspeak Bspeaking Cspoken Dto speak解解析析此此处处考考查查“hear宾宾语语do/doing/done”的的结结构构。因因为为“English”是是“被被说说”,故故用用过过去去分分词词(spoken)作作宾宾补补,表示被动。表示被动。答案答案C非谓语动词做宾语补足语的要点:非谓语动词做宾语补足语的要点:(1)主主动动关关系系用用V-ing形形式式,被被动动关关系系用用过过去去分分词词,将将来来的的动动作用不定式。作用不定式
21、。(2)几个特别的结构几个特别的结构have宾语宾语do/doing/done“have宾宾语语do sth”意意为为“让让/叫叫/使使某某人人做做某某事事”。此此结结构构中中的的 have 是是使使役役动动词词,宾宾语语后后的的 do sth 是是不不带带to的的动动词词不定式作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语。The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板经常要他们一天工作老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。个小时。“have宾宾语语doing”意意为为“叫叫/让让/使使某某人人做做某某事事或或让让某某种种情情况况发发生生”。宾宾语语后后
22、面面用用现现在在分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,表表示示宾宾语语与与现现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。Dont have the dog barking much,Li Lin.李林,别让狗狂吠不停。李林,别让狗狂吠不停。“have宾宾语语done”意意为为“让让/叫叫/使使/请请别别人人做做某某事事”或或者者是是“遭遭受受/遭遭遇遇了了”,此此时时,主主语语是是无无意意中中的的受受动动者者,而而不不是是动动作作的的执执行行者者”的的意意思思。宾宾语语后后面面用用过过去去分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,说说明宾语与过去分词表
23、示的动作之间是被动关系。明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。我们刚才请人把机器修好了。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。他在踢足球时腿受了伤。get宾语宾语to do/doing/done 三三种种结结构构的的意意义义请请参参看看上上述述“have宾宾语语do/doing/done”的意义解释。的意义解释。He got his sister to help him with his clothes.他让姐姐帮他洗衣
24、服。他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。Can you really get that old clock going again.你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗?你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗?Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。catch sb doing sth逮住某人干某事逮住某人干某事If she catches me reading her diary,shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的。如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的。makeoneselfdon
25、e oneself 与与其其后后的的过过去去分分词词存存在在着着动动宾宾关关系系,或或者者说说是是被被动动关关系系He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。【典典例例9】If there is a lot of work _,Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.Ato do Bto be doing Cdone Ddoing解解析析“work”和和“do”虽虽然然存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的动动宾宾关关系系,但但
26、主主语语“I”和和“do”存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系,此此时时用用“to do”作作后后置定语。置定语。答案答案A非谓语动词作后置定语非谓语动词作后置定语【典典例例10】If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades _,water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.Acoming Bhaving comeCto come Dto be coming解解析析考考查查动动词词不不定定式式作作定定语语。动动词词不不定定式式通通常常用用来来表表示示未未发发生生的的动动作
27、作,本本句句是是一一个个if引引导导的的条条件件句句,是是对对将将来来的的一一种种假假设设,故故应应用用不不定定式式。in decades to come意意为为“在在将来的几十年将来的几十年”。答案答案C9The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive Darriving 解析解析“the last/next/first.”后常接后常接不定式不定式作定语。作定语。答案答案C10Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are
28、pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.Ato form BformCforming Dhaving formed解解析析句句意意:看看书书时时有有画画面面在在大大脑脑中中形形成成,而而不不是是在在眼眼前前。而而句句中中有有谓谓语语“there are”,所所以以本本应应填填非非谓谓语语动动词词,可可排排除除B项项。又又因因为为“看看书书的的同同时时就就会会形形成成”,排排除除A、D选项,故选选项,故选C项作定语。项作定语。答案答案C11Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear m
29、e?No problem.Aseat Bsit Cseated Dsat 解解析析“sit”为为不不及及物物动动词词,可可用用“sitting”作作定定语语;“seat”为及物动词,常与反身代词连用或用为及物动词,常与反身代词连用或用“be seated”形式。形式。答案答案C1不定式作定语不定式作定语(1)不不定定式式作作定定语语常常用用于于不不定定代代词词或或被被the first/next/only/last等等修修饰饰的的名名词词和和其其他他一一些些名名词词、代代词词之之后后。其其中中,不不定定式式的的一一般般式式通通常常表表示示一一个个将将来来或或经经常常性性的的动动作作,完完成成式
30、式则则表表示该示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例例如如:She is always the first(one)to come and the last to leave.(2)如如果果作作定定语语的的不不定定式式与与被被修修饰饰的的名名词词有有动动宾宾关关系系,在在不不及物动词后通常及物动词后通常要加上适当的要加上适当的介词介词。例如:例如:Lets first find a room to live in/to put the things in.(3)不不定定式式作作定定语语修修饰饰一一个个在在逻逻辑辑上上是是其其宾宾语语名名词词时时,若若在在句
31、句子子中中能能找找到到该该不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语,则则该该不不定定式式多多用用主主动动表表被被动动,否则,用被动式。,否则,用被动式。例如:例如:Have you got anything to say at the meeting?(you.say.anything)Here is a letter to be taken to Mr.Li.在在there be句型中,有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。句型中,有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比比较较:There is nothing to do at present.(We have nothing to do at present.)
32、There is nothing to be done at present.(We can do nothing at present.)2V-ing分词作定语分词作定语(1)单单个个的的V-ing分分词词作作定定语语一一般般前前置置,说说明明名名词词的的性性质质、特特征征或或用用途途等等,V-ing短短语语作作定定语语一一般般后后置置;强强调调动动作作的的单单个个V-ing分词也常后置。分词也常后置。例如:例如:a sleeping car(a car for sleeping)a sleeping child(a child who is sleeping)(2)V-ing分分词词作作定
33、定语语一一般般要要求求其其动动作作与与谓谓语语动动词词所所表表示示的的动动作作同同时时发发生生或或是是在在说说话话时时该该动动作作正正在在进进行行,否否则则,要要用用从从句作定语。句作定语。例例如如:Do you know the boy talking(who is talking)to the teacher?比较:误:比较:误:He is the man visiting our class yesterday.正:正:He is the man who visited our class yesterday.3V-ed分词作定语分词作定语 V-ed分分词词作作定定语语一一般般表表示示一
34、一个个被被动动或或已已完完成成动动作作,V-ing分分词词表表示示一一个个主主动动或或正正在在进进行行的的动动作作,V-ing分分词词的的被被动动式则表示一个式则表示一个正在被进行正在被进行的动作。的动作。例如:例如:a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.4像像定定语语从从句句一一样样,分分词词作作定定语语也也有有非非限限制制性性的的,其其
35、作作用用相当于一个非限制性定语从句相当于一个非限制性定语从句 例例 如如:The students,wearing their school uniforms,marched into the playground.The substance,discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.【典典例例11】He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets has been sold out.Ato be told Bto tell Ctold Dtel
36、ling解析解析“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。答案答案A非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语【典典例例12】Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.Ahave reached Breaching Cto reach Dto be reaching解解析析从从句句意意来来分分析析,主主句句部部分分表表示示油油价价上上涨涨了了百百分分之之三三十十二二,逗逗号号后后面面的的内内容容为为油油价价上上
37、涨涨后后的的必必然然结结果果“达达到到记录记录”。答案答案B12The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.Acaused Bto have causedCto cause Dhaving caused解解析析因因“The storm”与与“cause”存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的主主动动关关系系,故故排排除除选选项项A;不不定定式式作作状状语语,前前面面通通常常不不用用逗逗号号,排排除除B、C选选项项;因因暴暴风风雨雨给给这这个个地地区区“造造成成损损失失”是是在在“结结束束”之前,之前,所以用完成式。所以用完成式。答案答案D13_ around
38、the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.AHaving shown BTo be shownCHaving been shown DTo show解解析析“show”与与“take”之之间间有有明明显显的的时时间间先先后后关关系系,且且句句子子的的主主语语与与“show”构构成成逻逻辑辑上上的的动动宾宾关关系系,故故该该空空格格处用完成式的被动形式。处用完成式的被动形式。答案答案C14_ in a white uniform,he looks more like a c
39、ook than a doctor.ADressed BTo dress CDressing DHaving dressed解解析析“dress”是是及及物物动动词词,其其用用法法为为“dress sb/oneself(表表动动作作)、be dressed in(表表状状态态)”。“dress”与与“he”之之间间存存在逻辑上的被动关系,在逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。故用过去分词。答案答案A1现现在在分分词词与与主主句句的的主主语语之之间间是是主主动动关关系系,用用来来表表时时间间、条条件件、原原因因、伴伴随随、结结果果等等;第第二二,过过去去分分词词与与主主句句的的主主语语之之间间是是被
40、被动动关关系系;第第三三,作作状状语语的的动动作作发发生生在在主主句句谓语动词之前要用分词的完成时。谓语动词之前要用分词的完成时。2作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,表示作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,表示处于某种状态,如:处于某种状态,如:crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,wo
41、rried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。等。【典例典例13】Faced with a bill for$10,000,_.Aan extra job has been given to JohnBthe boss has given John an extra jobCan extra job has been takenDJohn has taken an extra job解解析析根根据据“分分词词作作状状语语其其逻逻辑辑主主语语应应与与句句子子主主语语一一致致”的原则,只有的原则,只有D项才对。项才对。答案答案D分词短语作状语的附着规则分词短
42、语作状语的附着规则【典典例例14】_,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.AGeneral speaking BSpeaking generalCGenerally speaking DSpeaking generally解解析析分分词词短短语语独独立立成成分分。现现在在分分词词短短语语作作为为习习惯惯用用语语不遵守分词的附着规则。不遵守分词的附着规则。答案答案C【典典例例15】_ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at
43、all.ACompare BWhen comparingCComparing DWhen compared解解析析分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语为为“the biggest ocean”,它它不不能能发发出出“compare”动动作作。从从“compare A with B”的的结结构构我我们们可可以以推推断断,它它们们之之间间存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的被被动动关关系系,应应用用过过去去分分词。如选词。如选B或或C项,则就是项,则就是“垂悬分词垂悬分词”。答案答案D15Once telling him the truth,_.Ahe will be nervous all the time Bhe
44、 will find himself nervous all the timeCyou will find him nervous all the timeDeveryone will find him nervous all the time解解析析once telling him the truth这这个个不不是是句句子子,而而是是句句子子中中的的状状语语部部分分,作作用用相相当当于于一一个个状状语语从从句句。而而且且这这个个状状语语部部分分的的主主语语必必须须和和真真正正句句子子的的主主语语相相同同。“一一旦旦你你告诉他这个事实,你就会发现他一直很紧张。告诉他这个事实,你就会发现他一直很
45、紧张。答案答案C16_ good and sweet,this kind of apple was soon sold out in the market.ATasted BTastingCHaving been tasted DBeing tasted解解析析taste翻翻译译成成“尝尝起起来来”是是系系动动词词,无无被被动动语语态。态。答案答案B17_ from media reports,the result has been unclear.ATo judge BHaving judged CJudging DJudged解析解析judging from为悬垂分词。为悬垂分词。答案答案
46、C1使使用用分分词词(短短语语)作作句句子子状状语语时时,有有一一条条规规则则必必须须遵遵守守:即即分分词词(短短语语)的的逻逻辑辑主主语语应应当当与与句句子子的的主主语语一一致致,否否则则句句子子就是错句。就是错句。2已已经经成成为为固固定定用用法法的的非非谓谓语语动动词词(短短语语)不不需需要要遵遵守守这这条条附附着规则。着规则。常常见见的的的的有有:considering.(鉴鉴于于/考考虑虑到到),judging by/from.(从从来来看看,依依据据来来判判断断),supposing that.(假假 定定),providing that.(假假 定定),according to.
47、(依依 据据),including.(包包 括括),owing to.(由由于于),talking/speaking of.(谈谈及及)given.(考虑到考虑到),provided that.(如果如果)【典典例例16】It was foolish _ you to give up what you rightly owned.Afor Bof Cabout Dfrom 解解析析本本句句可可以以改改成成:You were foolish to give up.。形形容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。答案答案B非谓语动词的特殊结构非谓语动词的特殊结
48、构(不定式的复合结构和不定式的复合结构和否定结构否定结构)【典典例例17】To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule _.Ato never break Bnever to be brokenCnever to have broken Dnever to be breaking 解解析析动动词词不不定定式式的的否否定定式式是是在在“to”前前加加“not”或或“never”。“规则被打破规则被打破”要用被动式。要用被动式。答案答案B18The patient was warned _ oily food after the opera
49、tion.Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating解解析析 动动词词不不定定式式的的否否定定式式是是在在“to”前前加加“not”或或“never”。答案答案C非谓语动词的否定形式均把非谓语动词的否定形式均把not加在非谓语动词的最前面。加在非谓语动词的最前面。【典例典例18】Whats the matter with Della?Well,her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still _.Ahopes to Bhopes so Chopes not Dhope
50、s for解解析析在在不不定定式式作作简简略略回回答答时时,常常常常将将不不定定式式“to”之之后后的的内容省略。内容省略。答案答案A非谓语动词的特殊结构非谓语动词的特殊结构(动词不定式的省略结构动词不定式的省略结构)【典典例例19】Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?_,but I promised Nancy to go out with her.AId like to BI like itCI dont DI will解析解析简略答语中省略动词,只保留动词不定式符号。简略答语中省略动词,只保留动词不定式符号。答