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1、 写作是对学生运用英语的综合能力的考查，是最能体现学生英语水平的一种检测方式。我们的学生在写作的过程当中经常暴露一些弱点、犯一些错误。现对学生作文中的常见错误进行简要归纳，粗分类别，并举以实例。（一）名词（一）名词（一）名词（一）名词 写作中，学生们常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些写作中，学生们常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些写作中，学生们常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些写作中，学生们常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些集合名词的用法。集合名词的用法。集合名词的用法。集合名词的用法。1.He gave me a very good advice yesterday.1.He gave me
2、 a very good advice yesterday.句中的句中的a a要去掉，因为要去掉，因为adviceadvice是不可数名词。一些汉语概是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加a a piece ofpiece of，类似的词有：，类似的词有：news,bread,work,paper,chalk,news,bread,work,paper,chalk,furniture,informationfurniture,information等等。等等。2.That girl loves readi
3、ng book.2.That girl loves reading book.可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词，可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books.books.3.He went into a books shop and bought a dictionary.3.He went into a books shop and bought a dictionary.一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用 s s，如，如my my mothers car,mothe
4、rs car,而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为a book shop.a book shop.4.My family is watching TV.4.My family is watching TV.一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如My family is a happy one;My family is a happy one;如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把is is改为
5、改为areare。类似的词有：类似的词有：team,class,audienceteam,class,audience等。等。5 5I bought some I bought some potatospotatos and and tomatostomatos at the at the supermarket.supermarket.中学阶段以中学阶段以“o”o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加eses，它们是它们是tomato,potato,Negro,hero;tomato,potato,Negro,hero;其余的都加其余的都加s s变为复数。变为复数
6、。6 6This has nothing to do with their believes.This has nothing to do with their believes.（这和他们（这和他们的信仰没关系。）的信仰没关系。）以以f,f,fefe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去结尾的词变为复数时一般去f,f,fefe 加加vesves，如，如knifeknifeknives,thiefthieves;knives,thiefthieves;而而roof roof 和和beliefbelief直接加直接加s s变为复数。所以应变为复数。所以应把把believesbelieves改为改为belie
7、fs.beliefs.（二）冠词二）冠词二）冠词二）冠词 7 7The boss wants to hire an useful person.The boss wants to hire an useful person.用用a a还是还是anan，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如为元音用为元音用anan，为辅音用，为辅音用a a。usefuluseful的第一个音是辅音所以应把的第一个音是辅音所以应把anan改为改为a a。类似。类似的，我们说的，我们说a European country.a European country.8 8Plane is a ma
8、chine that can fly.Plane is a machine that can fly.Plane Plane为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有a a machine,machine,因此只能在其前面加因此只能在其前面加a a，变为，变为A planeA plane。9 9He played a piano at the party yesterday.He played a piano at the party yesterday.把把把把a a 改为改为改为改为t
9、he the，因为乐器前用定冠词。，因为乐器前用定冠词。，因为乐器前用定冠词。，因为乐器前用定冠词。1010The machine was invented in 1920s.The machine was invented in 1920s.在在在在inin后加后加后加后加thethe，因为表示年代用，因为表示年代用，因为表示年代用，因为表示年代用inin加加加加thethe再加几十再加几十再加几十再加几十的复数，如在八十年代的复数，如在八十年代的复数，如在八十年代的复数，如在八十年代in the 80sin the 80s。1111Xiao Hong went to school by t
10、he bus Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.every day.去掉去掉去掉去掉thethe，因为表示交通方式用，因为表示交通方式用，因为表示交通方式用，因为表示交通方式用byby直接加交通直接加交通直接加交通直接加交通工具。工具。工具。工具。（三）代词（三）代词（三）代词（三）代词 使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。形容词性物主
11、代词和名词性物主代词的用法。形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。1212He is one of those speakers who make He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.his ideas perfectly clear.定语从句的先行词是定语从句的先行词是定语从句的先行词是定语从句的先行词是those speakersthose speakers，为复数，为复数，为复数，为复数，因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把因此从句
12、中的指示代词应为复数，应把hishis改为改为改为改为theirtheir。1313 Whom do you think has left the lights Whom do you think has left the lights onon？放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think/do you think/believe/guess/imagine/supposebelieve/guess/imagine/suppose等都不参等都不参等都不参等都不参与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主与句子成分，把
13、它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉do you do you thinkthink后缺的是主语，应把后缺的是主语，应把后缺的是主语，应把后缺的是主语，应把WhomWhom改为改为改为改为WhoWho。14The boss pretended not to see John and I.John和I在句中都做的宾语，应把I 改为me。15These books are mine;tho
14、se in the bag are her.Her是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名词books，或把her 改为hers。（四）数词（四）数词（四）数词（四）数词 1616There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.Hundred/thousand/million/score/dozenHundred/thousand/million/score/dozen等词前有具体等词前有具体数字时后不加数字时后不加s s，前面没有具体数字时在其后
15、加，前面没有具体数字时在其后加s s 和和ofof，表，表示大约几百几千的概念。如示大约几百几千的概念。如 two hundred studentstwo hundred students（两百（两百个学生），个学生），hundreds of studentshundreds of students（成百上千个学生）。（成百上千个学生）。例句中应把例句中应把hundreds hundreds 改为改为hundredhundred。1717Their school is twice as larger as our school.Their school is twice as larger a
16、s our school.表倍数关系的表倍数关系的as-asas-as中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。因此把因此把largerlarger改为改为large.large.1818Todays homework is a five-hundred-words Todays homework is a five-hundred-words position.几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数，所以把名词只能用单数，所以把five-hundred-wordsfive-hundred-words改为改为five
17、-hundred-word.five-hundred-word.1919Two third of the students in our school are from Two third of the students in our school are from America.America.英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母后要加分子大于一时分母后要加s s，所以就把，所以就把third third 改为改为thirds.thirds.（五）形容词和副词（五）形容词和副词（五）形容词和副词（五）形容词和副词形容词和副
18、词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注意的重点。是应注意的重点。是应注意的重点。是应注意的重点。2020The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.doctor.appear appear在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把在此是个系动
19、词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把nervouslynervously改为改为nervous.nervous.2121The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.此句需要一个副词来修饰，此句需要一个副词来修饰，hardlyhardly是副词，但意为是副词，但意为“几乎几乎不不”，hard hard 也可以是副词，表努力，因此把也可以是副词，表努力，因此把 hardly hardly 改为改为hard.hard.2222
20、This shirt is more cheaper than that one.This shirt is more cheaper than that one.More More只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把moremore去掉。去掉。2323He is the most successful of the two He is the most successful of the two businessmen.businessmen.两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者以上才用以上才用mostm
21、ost，因此把，因此把mostmost改为改为more.more.2424He works less harder than he used to.He works less harder than he used to.表不如表不如 时用时用lessless加上形容词和副词的原级，因加上形容词和副词的原级，因此把此把harderharder改为改为hard.hard.2525The book is fairly more interesting than that The book is fairly more interesting than that one.one.fairly fai
22、rly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有：较级的副词或短语有：much,even,still,far,a lot,a much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,a bit,any,no,by far,ratherlittle,a bit,any,no,by far,rather等，因此把等，因此把fairlyfairly改为改为rather.rather.2626This is as an interesting a story as the one in This is as an interesting
23、 a story as the one in the magazine.the magazine.as as asas中间的词序是中间的词序是asas加上形容词加上加上形容词加上a(na(n)加加上名词再加上上名词再加上asas，因此应改为，因此应改为as interesting a story as interesting a story as the one.as the one.2727The weather here is nicer than The weather here is nicer than XizangXizang.同样的事物才能相比较，同样的事物才能相比较，weath
24、erweather和和XizangXizang不具有可不具有可比性，因此应改为比性，因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that The weather here is nicer than that of of XizangXizang.2929I would rather take a train than went by bus.I would rather take a train than went by bus.这个词组为这个词组为would rather do than do would rather do than do，因此，因此把把wen
25、twent改为改为go.go.3030Is there interesting anything at the meeting?Is there interesting anything at the meeting?修饰修饰anything,something,every-thing,nothinganything,something,every-thing,nothing的形容词都的形容词都要放在它们的后面。要放在它们的后面。3131I never have seen such a person before.I never have seen such a person before.像
26、像nevernever之类的副词在句中应放在之类的副词在句中应放在bebe动词、助动词之后，动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前。因为应改为实意动词之前。因为应改为I have never seen such a person I have never seen such a person before.before.3232The book is worth to be read.The book is worth to be read.be worth doing be worth doing 意为值得被做。因此改为意为值得被做。因此改为The book is The book is worth
27、 reading.worth reading.3333It is sure that he will succeed.It is sure that he will succeed.sure sure 的主语只能为人，而的主语只能为人，而certaincertain的主语可为人和物。因此的主语可为人和物。因此把把suresure改为改为certain.certain.3434He is regarded as one of the best alive writers He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.at p
28、resent.alive alive 为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此把把alivealive改为改为livingliving，或把，或把alive alive 放在放在writerswriters后面。后面。3535I dont know that he has finished the work yet.I dont know that he has finished the work yet.yet yet 用于否定和疑问句，用于否定和疑问句，alreadyalready用于肯定句。把用于肯定句。把yet yet 改为改为already.alrea
29、dy.3636He said nearly nothing at the meeting.He said nearly nothing at the meeting.nearly nearly 不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而almostalmost可以。因此把可以。因此把nearly nearly 改为改为almost.almost.（六）介词（六）介词（六）介词（六）介词 3737He usually goes to school by his fathers car.He usually goes to school by his fathers car.by
30、 by加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加，加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加，如如by car,by bus,by planeby car,by bus,by plane等；如果名词前有其他的等；如果名词前有其他的词修饰，则应除词修饰，则应除byby以外的其他介词，此处把以外的其他介词，此处把byby改为改为in.in.3838Please wait me at the school gate.Please wait me at the school gate.wait wait为不及物动词，需加介词为不及物动词，需加介词forfor后才能再跟名词后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。或代词
31、做宾语。3939He has been married with Betty for more than He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.twenty years.marry marry不跟不跟 withwith连用，应把连用，应把withwith改为改为toto。4040I finished the work on time under the help of I finished the work on time under the help of him.him.“在在的帮助下的帮助下”用用withwit
32、h而不用而不用underunder。（七）情态动词七）情态动词七）情态动词七）情态动词 4141He can be at home now because the light in his He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.room is still on.表特别有把握的肯定判断时用表特别有把握的肯定判断时用mustmust，表特别有把握的，表特别有把握的否定判断时用否定判断时用can,cancan,can表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把can can 改改为为mustmu
33、st。4242He need come here before the meeting begins.He need come here before the meeting begins.作情态动词时作情态动词时needneed用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：He needs to He needs to come here before the meeting e here before the meeting begins.4343He used to get up
34、 very early in the morning,and He used to get up very early in the morning,and now he is still doing so.now he is still doing so.used to used to 用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以应把后半句改为：应把后半句改为：but now he is not doing so.but now he is not doing so.4444I neednt come yesterday because all the wor
35、k I neednt come yesterday because all the work had been finished.had been finished.由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去的事情时在情态动词后加的事情时在情态动词后加 have donehave done，因此在，因此在 neednt neednt 后加后加havehave。4545You hadnt better stay up too late because you You hadnt better stay up too late because you ha
36、ve to get up early tomorrow.have to get up early tomorrow.had better had better 的否定在的否定在 better better 后面加后面加not.not.（八）动词的时态（八）动词的时态（八）动词的时态（八）动词的时态 英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状语来确定时态。语来确定时态。4646I will tell her about that when she will come I will tell her about that when she will
37、 come tomorrow.tomorrow.主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中用一般现在时。因此将从句中用一般现在时。因此将will comewill come改为改为comescomes。4747The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.be about to be about to 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此把把 in ten minutes in ten
38、minutes 去掉。去掉。4848The boy opened his eyes for a moment,The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looking at the captain and then died.looking at the captain and then died.此处此处looklook并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓语动词，因此把语动词，因此把looking looking 改为改为lookedlooked。4949I have bought this bike for ten years and
39、 I I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.am still using it now.当句中有当句中有forfor加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词，此处把为延续性动词，此处把boughtbought改为改为keptkept。5050I havent learnt any English before I came I havent learnt any English before I came here.here.我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生我
40、来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把haventhavent改为改为hadnthadnt。（九）动词的语态（九）动词的语态（九）动词的语态（九）动词的语态 及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因此无被动语态。此
41、无被动语态。此无被动语态。此无被动语态。5151The two thieves have been disappeared.The two thieves have been disappeared.disappear disappear 为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。所以把态。所以把 beenbeen去掉。去掉。5252The building built now will be our teaching The building built now will be our teaching building.building.表表“现在正在建的现在正在
42、建的”应用被动语态的正在进行时，应用被动语态的正在进行时，因此在因此在built built 前加前加beingbeing。5353He is being operated by the famous doctor.He is being operated by the famous doctor.主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完整性，别忘了介词或副词。整性，别忘了介词或副词。“给给做手术做手术”应为应为operate on operate on sbsb，所以在，所以在operated operated 后加上后加上onon。5454I w
43、onder if the doctor has been sent.I wonder if the doctor has been sent.原因同上，应在原因同上，应在sent sent 后加上后加上forfor。5555The book written by him is sold well.The book written by him is sold well.说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动语态。本句应改为：语态。本句应改为：The book written by him sells The book written by him
44、sells well.well.5656This history book is worthy reading.This history book is worthy reading.“值得被做值得被做”可以有如下几种说法：可以有如下几种说法：be worth be worth doing;be worthy of being done;be worthy to be doing;be worthy of being done;be worthy to be done.done.因此本句应该为：因此本句应该为：This history book is worthy This history b
45、ook is worthy to be read.to be read.（十）非谓语动词（十）非谓语动词（十）非谓语动词（十）非谓语动词 5757We are going to talk about the problem We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.discussing at the last meeting.此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把discussingdiscussing改为改为discusseddiscussed。5858
46、The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.dress dress为及物动词，意为为及物动词，意为“给给穿衣服穿衣服”，此处为，此处为分词作定语修饰分词作定语修饰girl,girlgirl,girl应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把herselfherself去掉。去掉。5959Being seriously ill,his class-mates sent him to Being seriously ill,his class-mates s
47、ent him to hospital.hospital.分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此句应为句应为“因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去”，因此把前半句改为：，因此把前半句改为：He being seriously ill.He being seriously ill.6060Having not seen her for many years,we Having not seen her for many years,we could hardly recognize her.could hardly
48、 recognize her.现在分词的否定应把现在分词的否定应把notnot放在现在分词前面，放在现在分词前面，所以前半句应改为：所以前半句应改为：Not having seen her for many Not having seen her for many years.years.6161Seeing from the space,the earth looks like Seeing from the space,the earth looks like a ball.a ball.分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语，分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语，此句中地球应该被看，所
49、以把此句中地球应该被看，所以把Seeing Seeing 改为改为SeenSeen。6262English is easy to learn it.English is easy to learn it.此句中是不定式作状语修饰此句中是不定式作状语修饰easy,Englisheasy,English应该是应该是learnlearn的逻辑宾语，所以把的逻辑宾语，所以把it it去掉。去掉。6363I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.“让某人做
50、某事让某人做某事”可以有以下几种表达法：可以有以下几种表达法：make make sbsb do do sthsth;have;have sbsb do do sthsth;get;get sbsb to to sthsth.因此在因此在repair repair 前加前加toto。6464She decided to work harder in order to not fall She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.behind the others.不定式的否定把不定式的否定把notnot放在