名词性从句讲解(精品).ppt

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1、 NOUN Clause Grammar在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever连接副词连接副词how,why,when,where however,wherever连接词连接词that,whether,if,becauseas if/as though（不充当从句的任何成分）引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。The problem is what he has done to the l

2、ittle boy.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语1)引导词引导词that 可省略可省略I hear(that)he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2)由由what,whether(if)引导引导I want to know what he has told you.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.3)动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+宾语从句宾语从句She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Ou

3、r success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3.It作为形式宾语作为形式宾语He has made it clear that he will not give in.See to it that children dont catch cold.4.否定的转移否定的转移主句的谓语动词为主句的谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等等,其后其后的宾语从句若含有否定词的宾语从句若含有否定词not,一般要把否定词一般要把否定词

4、not转移到主句谓语上转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定从句谓语用肯定.I dont think this dress fits you well.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。He has made it clear that he will not give in.doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。We d

5、oubt whether/if he can win the game.I dont doubt that he will win the game.连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who,anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/what/which。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.5.that不能省略的情况不能省略的情况1)and连接两个宾语从句连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在宾语从句放在and后后Everybody

6、 could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.3)that从句位于句首时从句位于句首时That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.4)主句谓语动词与主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时从句之间有插入语时We decided,in view of his special circumstance

7、s,that we would admit him for a probationary(见习，试见习，试用，见习期，试用期用，见习期，试用期).6.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1)主句用过去时主句用过去时,从句用一般过去时从句用一般过去时(如从句表如从句表示客观真理示客观真理,可用现在时可用现在时)Did you see that the boys were playing football on the playground at that time?Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.2)主句为现在时时主句为现在时时,

8、从句可根据需要选用各种时态从句可根据需要选用各种时态I think that the Greens have left for Hawaii.I want to know if/whether he will go surfing this afternoon.4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；I know that he studies English every day.I know(that)he will study English next year.We all know that h

9、e has studied English since 1998.I know that he studied English last term.如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us tha

10、t the sun rises in the east.3)动词动词insist(坚持坚持,主张主张),order(命令命令),command(命令命令),prefer(宁愿宁愿),suggest(建议建议),advise(建议建议)propose(建建议议)demand(要求要求),request(要求要求),ask,require(要求要求),等词后的宾语从句中等词后的宾语从句中,谓谓语动词要用虚拟语气语动词要用虚拟语气,其构成是其构成是“should+动词原形动词原形”，其中，其中should可省略可省略It was suggested that more teachers should

11、 be sent there to help them.Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.作业作业:用用whose,whom,what,how,

12、that填空填空.1.I think _ he will be all right in a few days.2.Do you know _ they are waiting for?3.He asked _ dictionary it was.4.Please pay attention to _ the teacher said.5.Can you tell me _ I can get to the railway station?表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是是“主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语从句表语从句”1、由、由that引导，引导，that不

13、作分，不作分，只起连接作用。只起连接作用。The fact is that we have lost the game.The trouble is that I have lost his address.2、由、由whether引导表示不确定，由引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因引导表示原因。The point is whether we should lend him the money.It is because I have ever heard of the story.3.what,which,who,whom,whose等连接代等连接代词及词及when,where,h

14、ow,why等连接副词既引导等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分句子又充当一定的句子成分.The problem is who we can get to replace her.The question is how he did it.That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.4.as if常与常与look,seem,sound等连系动词连用等连系动词连用.She looks as if she would cry.5.在一些表示在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令建议，劝说，命令”的名的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟

15、语气。词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we（should）start early tomorrow.1.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.A.that B.as C.why D.when 2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.where 3.Parents are taught t

16、o understand_important education is to their childrens future.A.that B.how C.such D.so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.howCABB5.I think Father would like to know_ Ive been up to so far,so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C

17、.what D.how 6.The road is covered with snow.I cant understand_ they insist on going by motorbike.A.why B.whether C.when D.how 7.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats_.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 8.People h

18、ave heard what the President has said;they are waiting to see_ he will do.A.how B.that C.when D.whatCAAD9.-I think its going to be a big problem.-Yes,it could be.-I wonder _ we can do about it.A.if B.how C.what D.that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well.A.wh

19、at B.that C.which D.why 11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken.A.where it was that B.it was that C.where it was D.it was whyCAA12.Never take _for granted that I will help you.Better depend on yourself.A.that B.it C.which D.this 13.It looks _he is unhappy today.A.that B.if C.as if D.whether 1

20、4.These wild flowers are so special I would do_ I can to save them.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her daughter.A.whom B.which C.that D.whatBCAD主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型作形式主语的四个主要句型

21、1)It+be+名词词组名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句从句Its a pity that we cant go.Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.2)It+be+形容词形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句从句It is certain that sh

22、e will do well in her exam.It is probable that he told her everything.3)It+be+过去分词过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句从句It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.4)It+不及物动词不及物动

23、词(seem,happen等等)+that从句从句It seemed that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It happened that I was out that day.2.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句的主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓因此主句谓语动词多用单数语动词多用单数.what 引导的从句根据引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.When and where well go isnt decided.What we need are books/is wa

24、ter.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary Its important,Its naturalstrange,etc.)that 3.What与与that的用法区别的用法区别what在从句中作主语、宾语、表在从句中作主语、宾语、表语语,而而that则不作句子成分则不作句子成分.What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is good news.4.Whether和和if的用法区别的用法区别通常通常whe

25、ther可以引导名词性从句可以引导名词性从句,在在引导引导 宾语从句时可以和宾语从句时可以和if互换。但互换。但:It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.The problem is whether she will have enough time.1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 2.I have always been h

26、onest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key university.A.What;because B.What;that C.That;what D.That.;becauseBBB4.It is pretty well understood _ co

27、ntrols the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.how D.what 5._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what 6.-What do you think of China?-_ different life is today from_ it used to be.A.How,what B.What,what C.How,that D.Wh

28、at,that 7._ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 8._ I was free that evening.A.It happened to B.It happened that C.That happened D.It was happened thatDAACB9.It was true _ Alice did surprise her mother.A.that B.what C.that,what D.what,that 10.Its not yet clear _ of

29、those will be chosen to do the job.A.that B.whom C.which D.whose 11._ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday.A.It says B.It is said C.It has said D.He is said 12._ we have seen is quite different from _ we have heard.A.That,that B.What,that C.That,what D.What,what 13._ I

30、 have will be yours sooner or later.A.No matter what B.No matter whatever C.WhateverD.That 14._ was a well-known fact.A.That their team was weak B.That their team being weak.C.Their team was weak D.If their team was weakCCBDCA作业作业:用主语从句用主语从句 完成句子完成句子.1._(她赢了这场比赛她赢了这场比赛)made us very happy.2._(所需要的所需要

31、的)is careful preparation.3._(她是否来她是否来)doesnt matter too much.4.That he will succeed is certain.(用用it句型改写句型改写)_ 5.Why he did this is not known.(用用it句型改写句型改写)_ That she won the gameWhat is neededWhether she is coming or not It is certain that he will succeed.It is not known why he did this.同位语从句一般用同位语

32、从句一般用whether，that等词引导，等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。同一关系。1.同位语从句的先行词多为同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等等,关联词多用从属连词关联词多用从属连词that.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?They were all very much worried o

33、ver the fact that you were sick.2.同位语从句意义完整同位语从句意义完整,应用应用that;意义不完意义不完整需增加整需增加“是否是否”的含义的含义,应用应用whether；需要增加需要增加“什么时候什么时候”、“什么地点什么地点”、“什么方式什么方式”等含义，应用等含义，应用when，where，how等词。等词。I have no idea whether hell come or not.The question who should do the work requires consideration.3.表示表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”的名

34、词所跟的的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，动词原形，should可省略）可省略）This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.4.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别句法功句法功能上能上意义上意义上that引导的同位引导的同位语从句语从句tha

35、t引导的定引导的定语从句语从句只起连接从句的只起连接从句的作用作用,无意义无意义,在在从句中从句中不充当句不充当句子成分子成分,不可省略不可省略替代先行词在从替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接句中不仅起连接作用作用,还还充当句充当句子成分子成分.若在从若在从句中作宾语可省句中作宾语可省略略.从句是被修饰名从句是被修饰名词的内容词的内容从句起限定作用从句起限定作用,是定语是定语The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.The news that he told me yesterday is true.同位语从句同位语从句,

36、that不可省略不可省略定语从句定语从句,that在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语,可省略可省略同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）分析历届高考试

37、题名词性从句考查的要点有以下六个方面:1.考查名词性从句的语序问题高考题例示：1.The photographs will show you _（MET1989）A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 例2.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.(NMET2000)A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it

38、 D.who it is 例3.Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(NMET1990)A.where Alice had put B.B.where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 例4.He asked _ for the violin.(NMET1991)A.did I pay how much B.B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 2.考查引导词that与what的区别高考题例示：1._we

39、cant get seems better than _we have.(NMET1996)A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what2.No one can be sure _ in a million years.(MET1991)A.what man will look like B.B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 3._ you have done might do harm to other people.(M

40、ET 1987)A.That B.What B.C.Whether D.How4._ you dont like him is none of my business.(上海1992)A.What B.Who B.C.That D.Whether3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法高考题例示：1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It2.It worried her a bit _her hair wa

41、s turning gray.A.while B.if B.C.that D.for3.I hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998)A.it B.that B.C.this D.them4.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?(MET 1991)A.this B.that C.he D.it 4.考查whether与if 的区别 高考真题例示：高考题例示：1._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NME

42、T1996)A.If B.Whether B.C.That D.Where2.What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001)A.when B.how B.C.whether D.why3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.(MET1992)A.Whenever B.If B.C.Whether D.That 5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词

43、性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别高考题例示：例1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever B.C.whichever D.whenever3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.(MET1992)A.Whenever B.If B.C.Whether D.That 5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no

44、 matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别高考题例示：例1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever B.C.whichever D.whenever2._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)A.Anyone B.The person B.C.Whoever D.Who3.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her

45、 interests.(上海1995)A.anyone B.whomever B.C.whoever D.no matter who6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题高考题例示：1.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.(上海1993)A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 1.A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by

46、 clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.when B.where C.what D.that 2.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 3.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road condition need_.A.that,to be improving B.w

47、hich,to be improved C.where,improving D.when,improvingDBA4.Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO isnot ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.what 5.Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.A.that B.if C.whether D.that if 6.Information has been put fo

48、rward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 7._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There,that B.It,that C.There,whether D.It,whetherADBA8.His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A.that we

49、 go B.which we should go C.that we would go D.when we should go 9.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when 10.After months of research there was little hope _ the lost car might be found.A.that B.which C.when D.how 11.The possibility _ the majority of

50、 the labor force will work at home is often discussed.A.which B.if C.that D.whatAAAC12.What are you anxious about?-_.A.How can we succeed.B.Whether we can succeed.C.When can we succeed.D.That we can succeed 13.The suggestion students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering A.if B.